{"id":80291,"date":"2026-05-15T00:42:48","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T04:42:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=80291"},"modified":"2026-05-15T00:42:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T04:42:48","slug":"is-ai-really-writing-from-a-priestess-to-philosophers-ancient-authors-would-have-said-no","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/is-ai-really-writing-from-a-priestess-to-philosophers-ancient-authors-would-have-said-no\/","title":{"rendered":"Is AI really \u2018writing\u2019? From a priestess to philosophers, ancient authors would have said \u2018no\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

I teach\u00a0writing and rhetoric<\/a>, but my college students and I often overlook a surprisingly complicated question: What is writing?<\/p>\n

And can artificial intelligence really do it?<\/p>\n

Many people think of \u201cwriting\u201d as putting words on a page. However, even from very early on, writers have seen their craft as something more. From Enheduanna,\u00a0the first named author on record<\/a>, to Plato and Aristotle, writing has been portrayed and defined in ways that suggest AI may not be \u201cwriting\u201d at all.<\/p>\n

If not, what should we call AI text? ChatGPT and I have an idea.<\/p>\n

Praising and pleading<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Enheduanna, who lived around 2,300 B.C.E., was a powerful princess, priestess and poet of the Akkadian Empire, in what is now Iraq. She has been celebrated as\u00a0the earliest known writer<\/a>, though the authorship of her poems and hymns is debated.<\/p>\n

One of her poems<\/a>, \u201cThe Exaltation of Inanna<\/a>,\u201d reveals a sense of what writing is and does \u2013 portraying it as a living medium that expresses experience and shapes the future.<\/p>\n

First,\u00a0the poem<\/a>\u00a0praises\u00a0the ancient Mesopotamian goddess Inanna<\/a>, who was associated with fertility and war, among other powers. \u201cMy Lady, you are the guardian \/ Of all greatness,\u201d Enheduanna says, in a translation by\u00a0Jane Hirschfield<\/a>.<\/p>\n

That praise may be strategic. It is followed by Enheduanna\u2019s plea to overthrow Lugal-Ane, a rebel king who she describes exiling her and taking her post at the temple of Ur. \u201cNow I have been cast out \/ To the place of lepers,\u201d she writes, describing her suffering. \u201cDay comes, \/ And the brightness \/ Is hidden around me.\u201d<\/p>\n

Grieving, Enheduanna writes a new destiny. In\u00a0a translation by Sophus Helle<\/a>, the priestess envisions Inanna coming to her aid and \u201ctear[ing] off this fate, Lugale-Ane.\u201d And her pleading seems to be successful: The end of the poem depicts Enheduanna restored to her post.<\/p>\n

In Enheduanna\u2019s poetry, writing does not simply communicate information. It interacts with the present and changes the future. The priestess\u2019s pleas please the goddess, move her heart, and she restore Enheduanna to her post \u2013 though historians have little evidence of whether an exile and return really happened.<\/p>\n

But her poetry did have\u00a0real-world influence<\/a>, helping to create\u00a0religious and political unity<\/a>\u00a0in the world\u2019s first empire. For example, her writing merged the Sumerian goddess Inanna\u00a0with the Akkadian goddess Ishtar<\/a>, describing a single \u201cQueen of Heaven<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

AI writing can be used to try to create change, such as by\u00a0swaying someone\u2019s political opinion<\/a>. But it lacks the human emotions that make experiences like praise, gratitude and suffering possible \u2013 the emotions and motivations that make writing a living medium with real-world effects.<\/p>\n

Transforming over informing<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Two thousand years after Enheduanna, Plato and his student Aristotle offered another influential view of writing \u2013 one that complements hers.<\/p>\n

In the \u201cPhaedrus,\u201d which discusses\u00a0the relationship between love and rhetoric<\/a>, Plato famously defines writing as a\u00a0poor copy of speech<\/a>. Speech\u2019s job is to represent thoughts; thoughts, in turn, represent knowledge and truth. Similarly,\u00a0Aristotle writes<\/a>, \u201cSpoken words are the symbols of mental experience and written words are the symbols of spoken words.\u201d<\/p>\n

Even that definition marks a sharp contrast with AI, which\u00a0lacks thoughts and mental experiences<\/a>. Its output proceeds from data aggregation and text generation.<\/p>\n

To understand what writing is, we also need to look at what it does. Although Plato elevates speech over writing, he suggests in \u201cPhaedrus\u201d that good writing\u00a0may lead a learner toward truth and knowledge<\/a>. Similar to Enheduanna, he employs writing as a tool for change, both inside and outside the text.<\/p>\n

In Plato\u2019s dialogues, characters often\u00a0radically change<\/a>\u00a0their opinions. And today, almost 2,500 years after his death, the philosopher\u2019s real-world impact is clear. For instance, universities and colleges today are collectively called the \u201cAcademy\u201d because\u00a0that was the name of Plato\u2019s group<\/a>, the\u00a0first institution of higher learning in the West<\/a>. English scholar Alfred North Whitehead famously wrote that all Western philosophy is \u201ca series of\u00a0footnotes to Plato<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Aristotle\u2019s voluminous works, too, show writing\u2019s purpose transcends communication. In \u201cRhetoric<\/a>,\u201d for instance, he details ways to make writing persuasive. Aristotle defines rhetoric as a way of \u201cmoving souls,\u201d not just exchanging knowledge.<\/p>\n

For both of the Greek philosophers, then, writing is more about transformation than information.<\/p>\n

Today, however,\u00a0AI tools\u2019 popularity<\/a>\u00a0may make writing less dynamic and less moving. Use of AI risks a\u00a0\u201cblandification\u201d of writing<\/a>, according to a study led by\u00a0computer science professor Natasha Jaques<\/a>. In other words, much AI writing today lacks distinct voices,\u00a0making it sound the same<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 which could\u00a0make people\u2019s thinking more similar<\/a>, too.<\/p>\n

\u2018Generwriting\u2019<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Overall, these three ancient authors agree that writing emerges from thoughts and experiences \u2013 a process that strives to create change. Enheduanna, Plato and Aristotle also agree that writing\u2019s essence transcends\u00a0the simple summaries<\/a>\u00a0and information transmission common to AI output today.<\/p>\n

Although AI can generate\u00a0creative texts<\/a>, its writing may not \u201cmove souls\u201d the way human writing does. Several studies show a \u201cpro-human attribution bias<\/a>\u201d or an \u201cAI penalty<\/a>,\u201d meaning that people prefer human writing even when AI writing is stylistically similar. People want to read what other people write, not what an algorithm pumps out.<\/p>\n

Perhaps we need a different word for AI\u2019s output. Common terms today include \u201cgenerative content\u201d and \u201csynthetic text,\u201d but I wondered if I could land on something simpler \u2013 and involve AI itself. After prompting and tweaking ChatGPT over and over, I settled on one word: \u201cgenerwrite.\u201d<\/p>\n

Though AI is here to stay, new words may help distinguish types of text. And as Enheduanna, Plato and Aristotle remind us, there are elements of writing that may always be unique to embodied, thinking beings striving to move souls.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Ryan Leack is Assistant Professor of Writing, at USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I teach\u00a0writing and rhetoric, but my college students and I often overlook a surprisingly complicated question: What is writing? And can artificial intelligence really do it? Many people think of \u201cwriting\u201d as putting words on a page. However, even from very early on, writers have seen their craft as something more. From Enheduanna,\u00a0the first named […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[435424],"tags":[8148],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-80291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-academic-writing","tag-writing-3"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIs AI really \u2018writing\u2019? 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