{"id":79929,"date":"2026-03-27T02:00:46","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T06:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=79929"},"modified":"2026-03-27T02:00:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T06:00:46","slug":"what-is-agentic-ai-understanding-its-history-to-move-beyond-the-hype","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/what-is-agentic-ai-understanding-its-history-to-move-beyond-the-hype\/","title":{"rendered":"What is &#8220;agentic AI&#8221;? Understanding its history to move beyond the hype"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-79930\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/agentic-AI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/agentic-AI.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/agentic-AI-250x108.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Booking a trip by comparing hundreds of offers, writing a report from multiple documents, analyzing medical data, or automatically correcting a computer program: these tasks require thought, method, and a variety of skills. &#8220;Agent AI&#8221; now promises to accomplish them autonomously, orchestrating the necessary operations, using tools, and correcting its own errors. However, current agent AI does not yet encompass the full richness of the &#8220;autonomous agent&#8221; concept as it was developed in previous decades.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Gartner has declared\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemondeinformatique.fr\/actualites\/lire-2026-l-annee-des-agents-ia-selon-gartner-97680.html\"><span dir=\"auto\">2026 the year of &#8220;AI agents<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.&#8221; These systems go beyond simply improving chatbots.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/openclaw.ai\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">OpenClaw<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0&#8216;s AI agents are already capable of communicating with each other and performing complex tasks with limited human oversight. For businesses in industry\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1145\/3652154\"><span dir=\"auto\">,<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0government\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0740624X26000055\"><span dir=\"auto\">,<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/10440330\"><span dir=\"auto\">healthcare<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, the promise is more flexible automation than traditional software, capable of adapting to diverse situations rather than applying predefined rules.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">However, behind the apparent novelty lies a longer history. Agentic AI is part of decades of research on\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/journal\/10458\"><span dir=\"auto\">autonomous agents and multi-agent systems<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. What is changing today are the tools, particularly the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/comment-fonctionne-chatgpt-decrypter-son-nom-pour-comprendre-les-modeles-de-langage-206788\"><span dir=\"auto\">large language models<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0and their ability to interact more naturally with humans.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span dir=\"auto\">From text generation to action<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Conversational models, such as ChatGPT, Gemini, or Claude, impress with their ability to summarize or write complex texts. However, taken individually, they remain essentially reactive: they produce a response based on a query. An autonomous agent goes further. It can analyze a request, plan a sequence of operations, use external tools (search engines, databases, software), evaluate the result, and adjust its strategy if necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Whereas a language model is limited to writing a computer program, an agent can execute it in a secure environment, observe any errors, correct the code, and then test it again. In short, AI agents don&#8217;t just talk, they act.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">The shift from text generation to action transforms the very nature of software. While a program follows precisely defined instructions, an\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pourlascience.fr\/sd\/informatique\/les-agents-intelligents-973.php\"><span dir=\"auto\">autonomous agent<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0can dynamically adapt its decisions based on context, results obtained, and objectives. It doesn&#8217;t necessarily replace humans, but it does alter the distribution of tasks between supervision and execution.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Promises and risks<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">This development opens up considerable possibilities. Within organizations, agents can\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/10248283\"><span dir=\"auto\">automate laborious business processes<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. In industry, they can\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10807498\"><span dir=\"auto\">coordinate complex software systems<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. In the medical field, they can analyze records, search for relevant publications, and provide summaries to\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-023-06291-2\"><span dir=\"auto\">assist physicians<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. But these promises come with risks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Indeed, current models can produce inaccurate information, the infamous hallucinations, and are likely to reproduce biases present in their training data. If agents are confined to an assistant role, these limitations are already problematic; they become critical when they concern systems capable of acting on technical infrastructures, notably by executing system commands, manipulating files, or sending network requests.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">The issue of AI agents is therefore not only technical: it is also legal, economic and societal. It touches on the transformation of skilled work and the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hub-franceia.fr\/26_01_21_livre-blanc-les-agents-experts-dia\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">governance of IT systems<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span dir=\"auto\">A historical lineage<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">The idea of \u200b\u200ban autonomous agent did not originate with language models. It dates back to the very origins of artificial intelligence. In 1956, at the founding conference in Dartmouth (in the northeastern United States), one of its organizers,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Marvin-Minsky\"><span dir=\"auto\">Marvin Minsky<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, already defined AI as the design of programs capable of performing tasks that mobilize so-called intelligent capacities such as understanding, learning, reasoning, or deciding.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">From the 1980s onward, the concept of the &#8221;\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.librairie-gallimard.com\/livre\/9782326002210-intelligence-artificielle-une-approche-moderne-4e-edition-peter-norvig-stuart-russell\"><span dir=\"auto\">intelligent agent<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0&#8221; became central. An &#8221;\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/0004370287900506\"><span dir=\"auto\">agent<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0&#8221; was then defined as a program capable of perceiving its environment, making decisions, and acting to achieve objectives. Early on, researchers developed the field of multi-agent systems: organized sets of autonomous programs that interact within the same digital environment. The goal was to understand how these entities could coordinate, cooperate, or compete to solve complex problems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Several landmark projects concretely illustrate this approach. The\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/356810.356816\"><span dir=\"auto\">HEARSAY-II<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0system is based on a &#8220;blackboard&#8221; model. Several specialized modules for language recognition, analysis, and interpretation contribute to speech comprehension by sharing their hypotheses in a structured common space. The\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-934613-63-7.50039-5\"><span dir=\"auto\">Contract Net Protocol<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0offers a mechanism inspired by calls for tenders: to perform a task, an agent issues a request for proposals, other agents offer their services, and the most competent are awarded the contract. In other words, coordination between agents has been at the heart of AI for several decades.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span dir=\"auto\">A still largely untapped reservoir of ideas<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">While the concept of an agent is not new, &#8220;agentic AI&#8221; is gaining traction among non-specialists today due to the central role played by large language models. Although lacking causal understanding and comprehension of the physical world, these models provide agents with linguistic capabilities and a form of statistical &#8220;common sense&#8221; that facilitates interaction with humans and the interpretation of complex instructions in natural language.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">However, current agentic AI does not yet encompass the full richness of the autonomous agent concept as it was developed in previous decades. In practice, it still most often relies on a sequence of actions where each step is planned and ordered in advance. The work carried out since the 1990s on multi-agent systems, focusing on\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/tel-05019962\"><span dir=\"auto\">cooperation<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theses.hal.science\/tel-02447724v1\"><span dir=\"auto\">negotiation<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03266032v1\"><span dir=\"auto\">task allocation<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, and\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/tel-01122053\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">collective adaptation,<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0offers a reservoir of ideas that remain largely untapped.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Integrating these mechanisms with the capabilities of large models opens up\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pourlascience.fr\/sr\/logique-calcul\/connexionnisme-et-symbolisme-deux-approches-de-l-ia-appelees-a-cooperer-28083.php\"><span dir=\"auto\">new perspectives<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0for tomorrow \u00a0: agents capable not only of executing a plan but of organizing themselves collectively, specializing and adapting to complex environments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Agentic AI thus represents a new stage rather than a radical break. It combines the theoretical legacy of multi-agent systems with the recent power of generative models. Understanding this historical lineage allows us to move beyond the hype. Agentic AI represents an attempt to transform predictive models into systems capable of acting, planning, and perhaps, in the future, organizing themselves collectively in complex environments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Maxime Morge is Professor of Computer Science at Claude Bernard University Lyon 1<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Booking a trip by comparing hundreds of offers, writing a report from multiple documents, analyzing medical data, or automatically correcting a computer program: these tasks require thought, method, and a variety of skills. &#8220;Agent AI&#8221; now promises to accomplish them autonomously, orchestrating the necessary operations, using tools, and correcting its own errors. However, current agent [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/what-is-agentic-ai-understanding-its-history-to-move-beyond-the-hype\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[434804],"tags":[435664],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-79929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","tag-agentic-ai"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is &quot;agentic AI&quot;? 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