{"id":78916,"date":"2025-11-17T03:04:04","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T08:04:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=78916"},"modified":"2025-11-17T03:04:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T08:04:04","slug":"what-about-equality-in-the-digital-context","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/what-about-equality-in-the-digital-context\/","title":{"rendered":"What about equality in the digital context?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span dir=\"auto\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-78917\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/equality-in-the-digital-context.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/equality-in-the-digital-context.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/equality-in-the-digital-context-250x94.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Over the past few years, social media has become a fundamental tool for socialization among young people. Who could have imagined, years ago, the relevance and role these digital platforms would play in people&#8217;s lives, perhaps even more so among children and teenagers? Mobile phones and their apps are being used at increasingly younger ages.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.savethechildren.es\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-07\/Informe_Derechos_SinConexion_STC.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">Nine out of ten Spanish teenagers<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0connect to the internet several times a day or are constantly online.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Given the important role social media plays in the socialization and personal relationships of new generations, does its use affect the gender gap? And if so, in what way?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">On the one hand, social media has become a tool for empowering women, especially younger women. It has served as a platform to unite sisterhood and efforts to publicly denounce cases of abuse, discrimination, and violence against women in all its forms. Movements like\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">#MeToo<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">#Ibelieveyou<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, and\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">#NotOneMore<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0were born and grew on social media.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Networks have also served to foster collaboration among women on issues such as fertility or imposter syndrome, with the creation of multiple resources aimed at overcoming situations of discrimination or dealing with online insecurity.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Gender differences in the use and impact of social media<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Children and teenagers do not use the same social media platforms or in the same way. For example, among Spanish users aged 11 or 12 on\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">Twitch<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">YouTube<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, or\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">Instagram<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21071\/pse.v15i1.15277\"><span dir=\"auto\">it has been observed<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0that boys followed more posts related to sports or video games, while girls followed more content related to music, fashion, health, beauty, politics, and celebrities. Girls also reported following more family members on social media than boys.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1375983\"><span dir=\"auto\">Studies suggest<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0that teenage boys use\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">YouTube<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0more , while teenage girls use\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">TikTok<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0or\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">Instagram<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0more . Using\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">TikTok<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0or\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">Instagram<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0more , and preferring content about fashion, health, celebrities, or beauty, has an impact on the beauty standards that girls, in particular, experience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">For them, social media often becomes a showcase where physical appearance is highlighted, body image is idealized, and social validation is sought. A majority of users (some of them\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">influencers<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0followed by thousands) exchange almost always attractive images about different aspects of their personal and professional lives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">This excessive emphasis on body image, and\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-022-01845-4\"><span dir=\"auto\">the objectification and sexualization of women&#8217;s bodies that it entails<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, makes girls\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0212656723001415\"><span dir=\"auto\">especially vulnerable to certain mental health problems . For example, <\/span><\/a><em><span dir=\"auto\">Instagram<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0use\u00a0stands out in some studies for its relationship with body dissatisfaction, the promotion of thinness, and social comparison. Other research links\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">Facebook<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0use to low self-esteem and changes in eating behavior.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span dir=\"auto\">A sexist artificial intelligence<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Beyond social media, there are other areas where technology, if we&#8217;re not careful, can end up reinforcing certain stereotypes and, with them, inequality. For example, the field of artificial intelligence. The use of generative AI tools to design\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">influencers<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0is becoming increasingly common .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">If we closely examine the attributes associated with their physical and psychological appearance, we can observe that these types of\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">influencers<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0(often used for marketing and advertising purposes),\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31921\/doxacom.n38a2034\"><span dir=\"auto\">just like real-life <\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">influencers<\/span><\/em><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, replicate and exaggerate the physical and psychological characteristics and roles of the women and men they represent. Aitana L\u00f3pez, Shudu Gram, Alex, and Kyra are examples of\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">influencers<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0created using AI tools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">The data that feeds these tools for creating images and content contains numerous gender biases, and therefore, in the design and production of new digital technologies, a traditional view of the roles and stereotypes associated with men and women continues to be adopted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">However, despite the importance of social media and artificial intelligence as potential propagators of gender biases and stereotypes, there are hardly any studies on the subject. What attributes are used as a reference to define the physical appearance, personality, attitudes, or behavior that these\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">influencers<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0display to the public, and why?<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Cyberbullying and grooming, especially among girls<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">One risk of using social media at a young age is being contacted or contacting strangers,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.savethechildren.es\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-07\/Informe_Derechos_SinConexion_STC.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">something that 1 in 3 teenagers do<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. There is ample evidence that girls receive more unsolicited messages and experience more harassment and abuse than their male peers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">For example, according to a\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmujeres.gob.es\/areasTematicas\/AreaEstudiosInvestigacion\/docs\/Estudios\/Mujeres_jovenes_y_acoso_en_redes_sociales.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">2022 study by the Women&#8217;s Institute on online harassment<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, 80% of women have experienced some form of online harassment. Half of these online harassment incidents are related to the establishment (or attempted establishment) of an intimate relationship. Furthermore, in most cases, these harassment experiences were perpetrated by strangers.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span dir=\"auto\">The emergence of the machosphere<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">It is shocking that the empowerment of women on social media and, therefore, in different areas of life has in turn given rise to a reactionary, misogynistic and anti-feminist movement, known as the machosphere (manosphere in English).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-96226-9\"><span dir=\"auto\">The &#8220;machosphere&#8221; has been defined<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0as the set of virtual spaces that accommodate a multitude of movements based on promoting a toxic masculinity\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.caib.es\/sites\/salutsexual\/f\/472637\"><span dir=\"auto\">centered on the spread of misogynistic and antifeminist discourses<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. These spaces are characterized by fostering the dissemination of hoaxes and misinformation about gender equality and the situation of women. Furthermore, they advocate a return to traditional masculine values \u200b\u200bwith arguments that deny violence against women,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.centroreinasofia.org\/publicacion\/jovenes-en-la-manosfera\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">even claiming it is an ideological invention<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Among teenage boys, the tendency to believe that gender violence is an ideological invention or to trivialize it has been increasing in recent years, as we can see by comparing\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.caib.es\/sites\/salutsexual\/f\/472637\"><span dir=\"auto\">the results of the Youth and Gender Barometer<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: in 2019, 11.9% agreed with the statement that gender violence is an ideological invention; in 2021 this figure rose to 20%; and in 2023, to 23%. Many young people (mostly boys) find refuge and understanding in these types of movements, very present on social media, where a distorted and toxic view of relationships between men and women is fostered.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Added to this is\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.savethechildren.es\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-07\/Informe_Derechos_SinConexion_STC.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">the lack of knowledge<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0about what constitutes a hate crime or how to deal with it: 43% of young people of both sexes do not believe or are not sure that sending hate messages is a crime (almost 50% of boys versus 37% of girls), and 1 in 4 teenagers said they would not know where to report a case of\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">online<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0violence .<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Video games, a hostile world for women<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/catedratelefonica.ulpgc.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/estudio_genero_gamers_videojuegos.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">Around 47%<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0of people who play video games are women. However, many of them are constantly subjected to insults and derogatory remarks from some male gamers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">For this reason,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/institutomujer.castillalamancha.es\/sites\/institutomujer.castillalamancha.es\/files\/documentos\/paginas\/archivos\/1_experiencis_de_mujers_enlos_vidojuegos_on_line_en_castilla_la_mancha.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">some choose to conceal their female identity<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0to avoid these kinds of situations. Furthermore,\u00a0the few women who produce and design video games\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.29112.88320\/1\"><span dir=\"auto\">frequently face harassment on social media .<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Pornography and gender equality<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">In recent years, there has been particular concern about young people&#8217;s access to pornography from a very early age,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.62269\/cavcaa.XX\"><span dir=\"auto\">especially boys<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. This has a significant impact on how they perceive sexual and emotional relationships, as most of the videos and content they access present a distorted image of women, relationships, and the role women play within them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/institutomujer.castillalamancha.es\/sites\/institutomujer.castillalamancha.es\/files\/documentos\/paginas\/archivos\/informe-final_2022.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">Recent studies point to<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0the influence that the consumption of this type of content has on couple relationships during adolescence, since in many cases some adolescents (especially boys) have internalized what they have viewed and demand that their partners reproduce what they have seen in the pornographic material to which they have had access.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">The evidence we have gathered confirms the need to work with children and adolescents to foster a critical, responsible, and ethical use of digital tools, especially social media. There are some examples of the misuse of these tools for sexist purposes, which should not occur. But it is also important to work with families, teachers, and education specialists to train them and promote the ethical use of social media.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Milagros S\u00e1inz Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez is a Researcher and Director of the gender and ICT research group at IN3, UOC &#8211; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Over the past few years, social media has become a fundamental tool for socialization among young people. Who could have imagined, years ago, the relevance and role these digital platforms would play in people&#8217;s lives, perhaps even more so among children and teenagers? Mobile phones and their apps are being used at increasingly younger ages.\u00a0Nine [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/what-about-equality-in-the-digital-context\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[428941],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-78916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-change","tag-gender-differences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What about equality in the digital context? - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/what-about-equality-in-the-digital-context\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What about equality in the digital context? - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Over the past few years, social media has become a fundamental tool for socialization among young people. Who could have imagined, years ago, the relevance and role these digital platforms would play in people&#8217;s lives, perhaps even more so among children and teenagers? Mobile phones and their apps are being used at increasingly younger ages.\u00a0Nine [&hellip;]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/what-about-equality-in-the-digital-context\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-17T08:04:04+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/equality-in-the-digital-context.jpg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"680\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"257\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/what-about-equality-in-the-digital-context\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/what-about-equality-in-the-digital-context\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"What about equality in the digital context?\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-17T08:04:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/what-about-equality-in-the-digital-context\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1277,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/what-about-equality-in-the-digital-context\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/equality-in-the-digital-context.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"gender differences\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Social Change\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/what-about-equality-in-the-digital-context\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/what-about-equality-in-the-digital-context\\\/\",\"name\":\"What about equality in the digital context? 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