{"id":78689,"date":"2025-10-24T00:06:45","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T04:06:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=78689"},"modified":"2025-10-24T00:06:45","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T04:06:45","slug":"there-is-little-evidence-ai-chatbots-are-bullying-kids-but-this-doesnt-mean-these-tools-are-safe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/there-is-little-evidence-ai-chatbots-are-bullying-kids-but-this-doesnt-mean-these-tools-are-safe\/","title":{"rendered":"There is little evidence AI chatbots are \u2018bullying kids\u2019 \u2013 but this doesn\u2019t mean these tools are safe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-78690\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/AI-cruelty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/AI-cruelty.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/AI-cruelty-250x139.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Over the weekend, Education Minister Jason Clare sounded the alarm about \u201cAI chatbots bullying kids\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>As he told\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ministers.education.gov.au\/clare\/press-conference-bankstown-nsw\">reporters<\/a>\u00a0in a press conference to launch a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/a-government-review-wants-schools-to-respond-to-bullying-complaints-within-2-days-is-this-fair-what-else-do-we-need-267814\">new anti-bullying review<\/a>,<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>AI chatbots are now bullying kids [\u2026] humiliating them, hurting them, telling them they\u2019re losers, telling them to kill themselves.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>This sounds terrifying. However, evidence it is happening is less available.<\/p>\n<p>Clare had recently emerged from a briefing of education ministers from eSafety Commissioner Julie Inman Grant. While eSafety is worried about chatbots, it is not suggesting there is a widespread issue.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.education.gov.au\/antibullying-rapid-review\/resources\/final-report-antibullying-rapid-review\">anti-bullying review itself<\/a>, by clinical psychologist Charlotte Keating and suicide prevention expert Jo Robinson, did not make recommendations about or mention of AI chatbots.<\/p>\n<p>What does the evidence say about chatbots bullying kids? And what risks do these tools currently pose for kids online?<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bullying online<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>There\u2019s no question human-led bullying online is serious and pervasive. The internet long ago extended cruelty beyond the school gate and into bedrooms, group chats, and endless notifications.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCyberbullying\u201d reports to the eSafety Commissioner have surged by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esafety.gov.au\/newsroom\/media-releases\/safer-internet-day-calls-for-kindness-as-cyberbullying-reports-surge-over-450-in-five-years\">more than 450%<\/a>\u00a0in the past five years. A 2025\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esafety.gov.au\/research\/the-online-experiences-of-children-in-australia\">eSafety survey<\/a>\u00a0also showed 53% of Australian children aged 10\u201317 had experienced bullying online.<\/p>\n<p>Now with new generative AI apps and similar AI functions embedded into common messaging platforms without customer consent (such as Meta\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kidspot.com.au\/parenting\/no-i-dont-want-to-edit-photos-of-my-kids-with-ai-on-facebook\/news-story\/92ca6d7c29e60ac69810b2642ee4a19f\">Messenger<\/a>), it\u2019s reasonable for policymakers to ask what fresh dangers machine-generated content might bring.<\/p>\n<h4>eSafety concerns<\/h4>\n<p>An eSafety spokesperson told The Conversation it has been concerned about chatbots for \u201ca while now\u201d and has heard anecdotal reports of children spending up to five hours a day talking to bots, \u201cat times sexually\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>eSafety added it was aware there had been a proliferation of chatbot apps and many were free, accessible, and even targeted to kids.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>We\u2019ve also seen recent reports of where AI chatbots have allegedly encouraged suicidal ideation and self-harm in conversations with kids with tragic consequences.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Last month, Inman Grant registered enforceable industry codes around\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esafety.gov.au\/educators\/training-for-professionals\/professional-learning-program-teachers\/ai-companions-information-sheet\">companion chatbots<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 those designed to replicate personal relationships.<\/p>\n<p>These stipulate companion chatbooks will need to have appropriate measures to prevent children accessing harmful material. As well as sexual content, this includes content featuring explicit violence, suicidal ideation, self-harm and disordered eating.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>High-profile cases<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>There have been some tragic, high-profile cases in which AI has been implicated in the deaths of young people.<\/p>\n<p>In the United States, the parents of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2025\/aug\/29\/chatgpt-suicide-openai-sam-altman-adam-raine\">16-year-old Adam Raine<\/a>\u00a0allege that OpenAI\u2019s ChatGPT \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2025\/aug\/27\/chatgpt-scrutiny-family-teen-killed-himself-sue-open-ai\">encouraged<\/a>\u201d their son to take his own life earlier this year.<\/p>\n<p>Media reporting suggests Adam spent long periods talking to a chatbot while in distress, and the system\u2019s safety filters failed to recognise or properly respond to his suicidal ideation.<\/p>\n<p>In 2024, 14-year-old US teenager\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/deaths-linked-to-chatbots-show-we-must-urgently-revisit-what-counts-as-high-risk-ai-242289\">Sewell Setzer<\/a>\u00a0took his own life after forming a deep emotional attachment to a chatbot over months on the character.ai website, who\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/tech-policy\/2024\/10\/chatbots-posed-as-therapist-and-adult-lover-in-teen-suicide-case-lawsuit-says\/\">asked him<\/a>\u00a0if he had ever considered suicide.<\/p>\n<p>While awful, these cases do not demonstrate a trend of chatbots autonomously bullying children.<\/p>\n<p>At present, no peer-reviewed research documents widespread instances of AI systems initiating bullying behaviour toward children, let alone driving them to suicide.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>What\u2019s really going on?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>There are still many reasons to be concerned about AI chatbots.<\/p>\n<p>A University of Cambridge study shows\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cam.ac.uk\/research\/news\/ai-chatbots-have-shown-they-have-an-empathy-gap-that-children-are-likely-to-miss\">children often treat these bots<\/a>\u00a0as quasi-human companions, which can make them emotionally vulnerable when the technology responds coldly or inappropriately.<\/p>\n<p>There is also a concern about AI \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/08\/08\/technology\/ai-chatbots-delusions-chatgpt.html\">sychophancy<\/a>\u201d \u2013 or the tendency of a chatbot to agree with whoever is chatting to them, regardless of spiralling factual inaccuracy, inappropriateness, or absurdity.<\/p>\n<p>Young people using chatbots for companionship or creative play may also come across unsettling content through poor model training (the hidden guides that influence what the bot will say) or their own attempts at adversarial\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/html\/2504.11168\">prompting<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>These are serious design and governance issues. But it is difficult to see them as bullying, which involves repeated acts\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esafety.gov.au\/key-topics\/cyberbullying\">intended to harm<\/a>\u00a0to a person, and so far, can only be assigned to a human (like copyright or murder charges).<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The human perpetrators behind AI cruelty<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Meanwhile, some of the most disturbing uses of AI tools by young people involve human perpetrators using generative systems to harass others.<\/p>\n<p>This includes fabricating\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/deepfakes-can-ruin-lives-and-livelihoods-would-owning-the-rights-to-our-own-faces-and-voices-help-249929\">nude deepfakes<\/a>\u00a0or cloning voices for humiliation or fraud. Here, AI acts as an enabler of new forms of human cruelty, but not as an autonomous aggressor.<\/p>\n<p>Inappropriate content \u2013 that happens to be made with AI \u2013 also finds children through familiar\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esafety.gov.au\/newsroom\/blogs\/an-unfair-fight-how-algorithms-are-shaping-our-adolescents#:%7E:text=A%20young%20person%20may%20start,ideals%20such%20as%20'looksmaxxing'.\">social media algorithms<\/a>. These can steer kids from content such as Paw Patrol\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/DNEtKe6gQZL\/?igsh=MTFwN3RmM3ZkcDE4cg==\">to the deeply grotesque in zero clicks<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>What now?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>We will need careful design and protections around chatbots that simulate empathy, surveil personal detail, and invite the kind of psychological entanglement that could make the vulnerable feel targeted, betrayed or unknowingly manipulated.<\/p>\n<p>Beyond this, we also need broader, ongoing debates about how governments, tech companies and communities should sensibly respond as AI technologies advance in our world.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Luke Heemsbergen is Senior Lecturer in Communication at Deakin University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Over the weekend, Education Minister Jason Clare sounded the alarm about \u201cAI chatbots bullying kids\u201d. As he told\u00a0reporters\u00a0in a press conference to launch a\u00a0new anti-bullying review, AI chatbots are now bullying kids [\u2026] humiliating them, hurting them, telling them they\u2019re losers, telling them to kill themselves. This sounds terrifying. However, evidence it is happening is [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/there-is-little-evidence-ai-chatbots-are-bullying-kids-but-this-doesnt-mean-these-tools-are-safe\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[434804],"tags":[],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-78689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>There is little evidence AI chatbots are \u2018bullying kids\u2019 \u2013 but this doesn\u2019t mean these tools are safe - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/there-is-little-evidence-ai-chatbots-are-bullying-kids-but-this-doesnt-mean-these-tools-are-safe\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"There is little evidence AI chatbots are \u2018bullying kids\u2019 \u2013 but this doesn\u2019t mean these tools are safe - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Over the weekend, Education Minister Jason Clare sounded the alarm about \u201cAI chatbots bullying kids\u201d. As he told\u00a0reporters\u00a0in a press conference to launch a\u00a0new anti-bullying review, AI chatbots are now bullying kids [\u2026] humiliating them, hurting them, telling them they\u2019re losers, telling them to kill themselves. This sounds terrifying. 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As he told\u00a0reporters\u00a0in a press conference to launch a\u00a0new anti-bullying review, AI chatbots are now bullying kids [\u2026] humiliating them, hurting them, telling them they\u2019re losers, telling them to kill themselves. This sounds terrifying. 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