{"id":78436,"date":"2025-10-01T00:03:59","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T04:03:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=78436"},"modified":"2025-10-01T00:03:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T04:03:59","slug":"mccarthyisms-shadow-looms-over-controversial-firing-of-texas-professor-who-taught-about-gender-identity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/mccarthyisms-shadow-looms-over-controversial-firing-of-texas-professor-who-taught-about-gender-identity\/","title":{"rendered":"McCarthyism\u2019s shadow looms over controversial firing of Texas professor who taught about gender identity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-78437\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/zippedmouth.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/zippedmouth.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/zippedmouth-250x141.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Texas A&amp;M University announced the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2025\/09\/18\/texas-am-university-president-mark-welsh-resigns\/\">resignation of its president<\/a>, Mark A. Welsh III, on Sept. 18, 2025, following a controversial decision earlier in the month to fire a professor over a classroom exchange with a student about gender identity.<\/p>\n<p>The university \u2013 a public school in College Station, Texas \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/texas-am-professor-fired-gender-identity-758d0001633e2109d4403b2379cd5d21\">fired Melissa McCoul<\/a>, a children\u2019s literature professor, on Sept. 9. McCoul\u2019s dismissal happened after a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2025\/09\/19\/texas-a-m-welsh-firing-professor-gender-mccoul\/\">student secretly filmed video<\/a>\u00a0as the professor taught a class and discussed a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scholastic.ca\/our-books\/book\/jude-saves-the-world-9781338855876\">children\u2019s book<\/a>\u00a0that includes the image of a purple \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.madisoncollege.edu\/LGBTQ\/gender\">gender unicorn<\/a>,\u201d a cartoon image that is sometimes used to teach about gender identity.<\/p>\n<p>The student questioned whether it was \u201clegal\u201d to be teaching about gender identity, given President Donald Trump\u2019s January 2025 executive order \u2013 which is not legally binding \u2013 that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/01\/defending-women-from-gender-ideology-extremism-and-restoring-biological-truth-to-the-federal-government\/\">said there are only two genders<\/a>, male and female.<\/p>\n<p>The video went viral,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2025\/09\/08\/texas-am-video-professor-student-gender-identity-content\/\">triggering backlash<\/a>\u00a0from Republican lawmakers who\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2025\/09\/10\/texas-am-professor-fired-melissa-mccoul-statement\/\">called for McCoul to be fired<\/a>\u00a0and praised the fact that the school also demoted the College of Arts and Science\u2019s dean and revoked administrative duties from a department head.<\/p>\n<p>Texas A&amp;M officials\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2025\/09\/19\/texas-a-m-welsh-firing-professor-gender-mccoul\/\">have said<\/a>\u00a0that McCoul was fired because her course content was not consistent with the published course description. McCoul is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/texas-am-professor-fired-after-two-genders-row-exploring-legal-options-2128625#:%7E:text=A%20Texas%20A&amp;M%20University%20academic,outside%20of%20regular%20office%20hours.\">appealing her firing<\/a>\u00a0and is considering legal action against the school.<\/p>\n<p>Academic freedom advocates have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/was-an-instructors-firing-a-violation-of-academic-freedom-or-an-example-of-academic-responsibility?\">condemned McCoul\u2019s<\/a>\u00a0firing and say it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2025\/09\/15\/texas-am-professor-firing-melissa-mccoul-academic-freedom\/\">raises questions<\/a>\u00a0about whether professors should be fired for addressing politically charged topics.<\/p>\n<p>As a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&amp;user=B9RTrwoAAAAJ\">history educator<\/a>\u00a0researching curriculum design, civics education and generational dynamics, I study how classroom discussions often mirror larger cultural and political conflicts.<\/p>\n<p>The Texas A&amp;M case is far from unprecedented. The Cold War offers an example of another politically contentious time in American history when people questioned if and how politics should influence what gets taught in the classroom \u2013 and tried to restrict what teachers say.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Educators under suspicion in the McCarthy era<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>During\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Cold-War\">the Cold War<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 a period of geopolitical tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that came after World War II and lasted until 1991 \u2013 fears of communist infiltration spread widely across American society, including the country\u2019s schools.<\/p>\n<p>One particularly contentious period was in the late 1940s and 1950s, during what is often referred to as the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/McCarthyism\">McCarthy era<\/a>. The era is named after Wisconsin\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Joseph-McCarthy\">Sen. Joseph McCarthy<\/a>, a Republican who led the charge on accusing government employees and others \u2013 often without evidence \u2013 of being communists.<\/p>\n<p>Beginning in the late 1940s, local school boards, state legislatures and Congress\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2025\/03\/teachers-schools-dei-communism\/681906\/\">launched investigations<\/a>\u00a0into\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2025\/03\/teachers-schools-dei-communism\/681906\/\">teachers and professors<\/a>\u00a0across the country accused of harboring communist sympathies. This often led to the teachers being blacklisted and fired.<\/p>\n<p>More than 20 states\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5224\/masshistrevi.12.1.0035\">passed loyalty oath laws<\/a>\u00a0requiring public employees, including educators, to swear that they were not members of the Communist Party or affiliated groups.<\/p>\n<p>In California, for example, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cschs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/History-Resources-Caragozian-UCs-Loyalty-Oath-Fight-3-10-23.pdf\">1950 Levering Act<\/a>\u00a0mandated a loyalty oath for all state employees, including professors at public universities. Some employees refused to sign the oath, and 31 University of California professors\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/update.lib.berkeley.edu\/2022\/03\/21\/i-take-this-obligation-freely-recalling-uc-berkeleys-loyalty-oath-controversy\/\">were fired<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>And in New York, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarship.law.stjohns.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=4961&amp;context=lawreview\">Feinberg Law<\/a>, approved in 1949, authorized school districts to fire teachers who were members of \u201csubversive organizations.\u201d More than 250 educators were fired or forced to resign under the Feinberg Law and related anti-subversion policies between 1948 and 1953.<\/p>\n<p>These laws had a chilling impact on academic life and learning.<\/p>\n<p>Faculty,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/369058\">including those who were not under investigation<\/a>, and students alike avoided discussing controversial topics, such as labor organizing and civil rights, in the classroom.<\/p>\n<p>This pervasive climate of censorship also made it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2025\/03\/teachers-schools-dei-communism\/681906\/\">challenging for educators<\/a>\u00a0to fully engage students in critical, meaningful learning.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The Supreme Court steps in<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>By the mid-1950s, questions about the constitutionality of these laws \u2013 and the extent of professors\u2019 academic freedom and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/constitution\/amendment-1\/\">First Amendment right<\/a>\u00a0to freedom of speech \u2013 reached the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n<p>In one such case, 1957\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/354\/234\/\">Sweezy v. New Hampshire<\/a>, Louis C. Weyman, the New Hampshire attorney general, questioned Paul Sweezy, a Marxist economist, about the content of a university lecture he delivered at the University of New Hampshire.<\/p>\n<p>Weyman\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supremecourt\/text\/354\/234?\">wanted to determine<\/a>\u00a0whether Sweezy had advocated for Marxism or said that socialism was inevitable in the country. Sweezy refused to answer Weyman\u2019s questions, citing his constitutional rights. The Supreme Court\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tile.loc.gov\/storage-services\/service\/ll\/usrep\/usrep354\/usrep354234\/usrep354234.pdf\">ruled in Sweezy\u2019s favor<\/a>, emphasizing the importance of academic freedom and the constitutional limits on state interference in university teaching.<\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court also considered another case,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/385\/589\/\">Keyishian v. Board of Regents<\/a>, in 1967. With the Cold War still ongoing, this case challenged New York\u2019s Feinberg Law, which required educators to disavow membership in communist organizations.<\/p>\n<p>In striking down the law, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/385\/589\/\">court declared<\/a>\u00a0that academic freedom is \u201ca special concern of the First Amendment.\u201d The ruling emphasized that vague or broad restrictions on what teachers can say or believe create an unconstitutional, \u201cchilling effect\u201d on the classroom.<\/p>\n<p>While these cases did not remove all political pressures on what teachers could discuss in class, they set significant constitutional limits on state efforts to regulate classroom speech, particularly at public institutions.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Recurring tensions from now and then<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>There are several important differences between the McCarthy era and current times.<\/p>\n<p>For starters, conservative concern centered primarily on the spread of communism during the McCarthy era. Today, debates often involve conservative critiques of how topics such as gender identity, race and other cultural issues \u2014 sometimes grouped under the term \u201cwoke\u201d \u2014 are addressed in schools and society.<\/p>\n<p>Second, in the 1950s and \u201860s, external pressures on academic freedom often came in the form of legal mandates.<\/p>\n<p>Today, the political landscape in academia is more complex and fast-paced, with pressures emanating from both the public and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/national-news\/articles\/trumps-higher-education-crackdown-visa-revocations-dei-bans-lawsuits-and-funding-cuts\">federal government<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/educators-fired-after-charlie-kirk-posts-allege-free\/story?id=125853309\">Viral outrage<\/a>, administrative investigations and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/faculty-issues\/academic-freedom\/2025\/09\/16\/survey-provosts-focused-funding-cuts-academic\">threats to cut state or federal funding<\/a>\u00a0to schools can all contribute to an intensifying climate of fear of retribution that constrains educators\u2019 ability to teach freely.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these differences, the underlying dynamic between the two time periods is similar \u2013 in both cases, political polarization intensifies public scrutiny of educators.<\/p>\n<p>Like loyalty oaths in the 1950s, today\u2019s political controversies create a climate in which many teachers feel pressure to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/faculty-issues\/academic-freedom\/2025\/01\/09\/watching-their-words-us-faculty-say-theyre-self\">avoid contentious topics altogether<\/a>. Even when no laws are passed, the possibility of complaints, investigations or firings can\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nea.org\/nea-today\/all-news-articles\/why-teachers-self-censor\">shape classroom choices<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Just as Sweezy and Keyishian defined the boundaries of state power in the 1950s and \u201860s, potential legal challenges like\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wtaw.com\/fired-texas-am-professor-appeals-her-termination\/\">the appeal<\/a>\u00a0from the fired Texas A&amp;M professor may eventually lead to court rulings that clarify how people\u2019s First Amendment protections apply in today\u2019s disputes over curriculum and teaching.<\/p>\n<p>Whether these foundational protections will endure under the Supreme Court\u2019s current and future makeup remains an open question.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Laura Gail Miller is a Ed.D. Candidate in Educational Organizational Learning and Leadership at Se<\/em>attle University<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Texas A&amp;M University announced the\u00a0resignation of its president, Mark A. Welsh III, on Sept. 18, 2025, following a controversial decision earlier in the month to fire a professor over a classroom exchange with a student about gender identity. The university \u2013 a public school in College Station, Texas \u2013\u00a0fired Melissa McCoul, a children\u2019s literature professor, [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/mccarthyisms-shadow-looms-over-controversial-firing-of-texas-professor-who-taught-about-gender-identity\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[8589],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-78436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-censorship-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>McCarthyism\u2019s shadow looms over controversial firing of Texas professor who taught about gender identity - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/mccarthyisms-shadow-looms-over-controversial-firing-of-texas-professor-who-taught-about-gender-identity\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"McCarthyism\u2019s shadow looms over controversial firing of Texas professor who taught about gender identity - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Texas A&amp;M University announced the\u00a0resignation of its president, Mark A. 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