{"id":77600,"date":"2025-07-18T00:03:30","date_gmt":"2025-07-18T04:03:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=77600"},"modified":"2025-07-18T00:03:30","modified_gmt":"2025-07-18T04:03:30","slug":"college-general-education-requirements-help-prepare-students-for-citizenship-%e2%88%92-but-critics-say-its-learning-time-taken-away-from-useful-studies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/college-general-education-requirements-help-prepare-students-for-citizenship-%e2%88%92-but-critics-say-its-learning-time-taken-away-from-useful-studies\/","title":{"rendered":"College \u2018general education\u2019 requirements help prepare students for citizenship \u2212 but critics say it\u2019s learning time taken away from useful studies"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

What do Americans think of when they hear the words \u201cgeneral education\u201d?<\/p>\n

By definition, general education covers introductory college courses in arts and humanities, social sciences, and science and mathematics. It has different names, including core curriculum or distribution requirements, depending on the college or university.<\/p>\n

It is also sometimes called liberal education, including by the\u00a0American Association of Colleges and Universities<\/a>, which describes it as providing \u201ca sense of social responsibility, as well as strong and transferable intellectual and practical skills.\u201d<\/p>\n

The liberal label can be fodder for conservative groups who argue that today\u2019s\u00a0general education is part of an indoctrination<\/a>\u00a0into higher education\u2019s purported left-leaning belief systems. Some other\u00a0conservatives support<\/a>\u00a0general education as a concept but want more emphasis on so-called traditional values and less on cross-cultural understanding. These initiatives position general education and college as a space for ideological battles.<\/p>\n

As a\u00a0scholar of historical connections between literacy and social class<\/a>, I know that general education was designed to provide opportunity for all students without regard for their political preferences.<\/p>\n

An education for all<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Eighty years ago, a group of Harvard University faculty created what many colleges and universities still follow as a template for general education. This plan was outlined in the book \u201cGeneral Education in a Free Society<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Harvard\u2019s plan\u00a0was meant for all students<\/a>, including veterans studying under the\u00a0GI Bill<\/a>, and others we today refer to as first generation, where neither parent had a college degree.<\/p>\n

General education made college more accessible to students who were not becoming doctors or lawyers but who also wanted careers outside the vocational trades. It helped make college a place for educating all citizens, not just students of socioeconomic privilege.<\/p>\n

Expanding access to higher education was central to the 1947 special report\u00a0Higher Education for American Democracy<\/a>, commissioned by President Harry Truman. The goal was to provide a foundational education for all, especially in math and science. But the report, commonly known as the Truman Commission Report, also included disciplines that help students understand the world \u2013 such as writing and communication, literature, psychology and history.<\/p>\n

The purposes of general education are central to\u00a0two competing views of college<\/a>\u00a0today, views that I also hear expressed by students and parents I\u2019ve met in my 28 years as a professor.<\/p>\n

One view of college is of an on-campus experience\u00a0steeped in the liberal arts<\/a>\u00a0that holistically prepares students to live in a functioning democracy. These benefits are seen as worth the time and costs.<\/p>\n

The other view is of college as a sum of career-focused credentials that can begin and end anywhere, not specific to one college campus. These benefits are completely financial, to be\u00a0gained via the cheapest, quickest means<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Both of these views are informed by national perspectives that further divide citizens on higher education as a whole, such as Vice President\u00a0JD Vance\u2019s 2021 statement<\/a>\u00a0that \u201cthere was a wisdom in what Richard Nixon said approximately 40, 50 years ago. He said, and I quote, \u2018The professors are the enemy.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

Both these groups of Americans, however, hope that obtaining a college degree\u00a0will pay off for graduates<\/a>\u00a0who find employment and reach a standard of living better than their parents\u2019 generation.<\/p>\n

For the first group, general education is critical to developing the whole student for jobs and life. For the latter, it is an expensive obstacle to it.<\/p>\n

Not surprisingly, these views on education and college often correspond to political party identification and whether a person attended college themselves.<\/p>\n

A July 2023 Lumina Foundation and Gallup Poll showed that only 36% of Americans have a \u201cgreat deal\u201d of confidence in higher education, with\u00a0significant partisan differences<\/a> between the 20% of Republicans who have this confidence, the 56% of Democrats and the 35% of independents who have it. There are also measurable differences between those who have earned a postgraduate degree and those who have not.<\/p>\n

Questioning value<\/strong><\/h4>\n

As college costs continue to rise in 2025, families are struggling \u2013 even taking on payment plans for everyday purchases, also known as\u00a0phantom debt<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 to make ends meet.<\/p>\n

General education represents about a third of the requirements of a bachelor\u2019s degree and most of an associate degree.<\/p>\n

For those who see college as a\u00a0waste of money<\/a>, general education courses are a\u00a0calculable loss on future income<\/a>. In the past two decades, this \u2013 and the increasingly competitive admissions process for college \u2013 has contributed to a tenfold increase in\u00a0low-income students who take Advanced Placement courses<\/a>\u00a0and a 50% increase since 2021 in the number of students in\u00a0dual-credit coursework<\/a>. Both programs allow students to complete general education-equivalent courses for free while still in high school.<\/p>\n

Complete College America, a nonprofit advocacy group that works with states to increase college completion rates, supports these moves by students and parents,\u00a0classifying general education<\/a>\u00a0under \u201cgateway courses\u201d to be completed \u201cas soon as possible.\u201d<\/p>\n

Other groups promote\u00a0stackable units<\/a>\u00a0of credit toward college degrees. This push to complete general education requirements\u00a0before entering college<\/a>\u00a0is gaining momentum, despite studies that show Advanced Placement classes, and exams,\u00a0favor and benefit mostly white, middle- to upper-class students<\/a>\u00a0because these students tend to have more time and resources to devote to AP coursework and also take multiple exams in order to earn college credit.<\/p>\n

Understanding the world<\/strong><\/h4>\n

While arguments for streamlining college and its costs are evergreen, foundational lessons taught across fields of study are as relevant in 2025 as they were in 1945. The U.S. faces\u00a0threats to its democracy<\/a>, is\u00a0navigating rapid advances in technology<\/a>, and is adapting to\u00a0population shifts<\/a>\u00a0that will change how its residents live and work.<\/p>\n

General education gives students broad foundational knowledge that can be used in a variety of careers. By design, it teaches an understanding of the world outside one\u2019s own and how to live in it \u2013 a core requirement for a functioning democracy.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Kelly Ritter is Professor of Writing and Communication at Georgia Institute of Technology<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What do Americans think of when they hear the words \u201cgeneral education\u201d? By definition, general education covers introductory college courses in arts and humanities, social sciences, and science and mathematics. It has different names, including core curriculum or distribution requirements, depending on the college or university. It is also sometimes called liberal education, including by […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[8498],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-77600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-general-education"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCollege \u2018general education\u2019 requirements help prepare students for citizenship \u2212 but critics say it\u2019s learning time taken away from useful studies - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/college-general-education-requirements-help-prepare-students-for-citizenship-\u2212-but-critics-say-its-learning-time-taken-away-from-useful-studies\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"College \u2018general education\u2019 requirements help prepare students for citizenship \u2212 but critics say it\u2019s learning time taken away from useful studies - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What do Americans think of when they hear the words \u201cgeneral education\u201d? 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