{"id":77284,"date":"2025-06-18T00:04:09","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T04:04:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=77284"},"modified":"2025-06-18T00:04:09","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T04:04:09","slug":"ai-reanimations-making-facsimiles-of-the-dead-raises-ethical-quandaries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/ai-reanimations-making-facsimiles-of-the-dead-raises-ethical-quandaries\/","title":{"rendered":"AI \u2018reanimations\u2019: Making facsimiles of the dead raises ethical quandaries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-77285\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/reanimations.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/reanimations.png 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/reanimations-250x141.png 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Christopher Pelkey was shot and killed in a road range incident in 2021. On May 8, 2025, at the sentencing hearing for his killer, an AI video reconstruction of Pelkey delivered a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2025\/05\/07\/g-s1-64640\/ai-impact-statement-murder-victim\">victim impact statement<\/a>. The trial judge\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/nation\/2025\/05\/08\/ai-victim-court-sentencing\/\">reported being deeply moved<\/a>\u00a0by this performance and issued the maximum sentence for manslaughter.<\/p>\n<p>As part of the ceremonies to mark Israel\u2019s 77th year of independence on April 30, 2025, officials had planned to host\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/ai-to-revive-ofra-haza-other-deceased-singers-for-independence-day\/#:%7E:text=Ofra%20Haza%2C%20who%20died%2025,duet%20with%20the%20artificial%20Haza.\">a concert featuring four iconic Israeli singers<\/a>. All four had died years earlier. The plan was to conjure them using AI-generated sound and video. The dead performers were supposed to sing alongside Yardena Arazi, a famous and still very much alive artist. In the end Arazi pulled out, citing the political atmosphere, and the event didn\u2019t happen.<\/p>\n<p>In April, the BBC created a deep-fake version of the famous mystery writer Agatha Christie to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2025\/apr\/30\/bbc-harnesses-ai-to-create-writing-classes-given-by-agatha-christie\">teach a \u201cmaestro course on writing<\/a>.\u201d Fake Agatha would instruct aspiring murder mystery authors and \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sKyukm1Y5ZU\">inspire\u201d their \u201cwriting journey<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The use of artificial intelligence to \u201creanimate\u201d the dead for a variety of purposes is quickly gaining traction. Over the past few years, we\u2019ve been studying the moral implications of AI at the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/umb.edu\/ethics\">Center for Applied Ethics<\/a>\u00a0at the University of Massachusetts, Boston, and we find these AI reanimations to be morally problematic.<\/p>\n<p>Before we address the moral challenges the technology raises, it\u2019s important to distinguish AI reanimations, or deepfakes, from so-called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehastingscenter.org\/griefbots-are-here-raising-questions-of-privacy-and-well-being\/\">griefbots<\/a>. Griefbots are chatbots trained on large swaths of data the dead leave behind \u2013 social media posts, texts, emails, videos. These chatbots mimic how the departed used to communicate and are meant to make life easier for surviving relations. The deepfakes we are discussing here have other aims; they are meant to promote legal, political and educational causes.<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe title=\"A.I. of Murdered Chris Pelkey Makes His Own Impact Statement at Sentencing (a court 1st), with Judge\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cMs-_8etNts\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Moral quandaries<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The first moral quandary the technology raises has to do with consent: Would the deceased have agreed to do what their likeness is doing? Would the dead Israeli singers have wanted to sing at an Independence ceremony organized by the nation\u2019s current government? Would Pelkey, the road-rage victim, be comfortable with the script his family wrote for his avatar to recite? What would Christie think about her AI double teaching that class?<\/p>\n<p>The answers to these questions can only be deduced circumstantially \u2013 from examining the kinds of things the dead did and the views they expressed when alive. And one could ask if the answers even matter. If those in charge of the estates agree to the reanimations, isn\u2019t the question settled? After all, such trustees are the legal representatives of the departed.<\/p>\n<p>But putting aside the question of consent, a more fundamental question remains.<\/p>\n<p>What do these reanimations do to the legacy and reputation of the dead? Doesn\u2019t their reputation depend, to some extent, on the scarcity of appearance, on the fact that the dead can\u2019t show up anymore? Dying can have a salutary effect on the reputation of prominent people; it was good for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2013\/08\/the-legacy-of-john-f-kennedy\/309499\/\">John F. Kennedy<\/a>, and it was good for Israeli Prime Minister\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/event\/life-and-legacy-yitzhak-rabin-25-years-later\">Yitzhak Rabin<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The fifth-century B.C. Athenian leader Pericles understood this well. In his famous\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hrlibrary.umn.edu\/education\/thucydides.html\">Funeral Oration<\/a>, delivered at the end of the first year of the Peloponnesian War, he asserts that a noble death can elevate one\u2019s reputation and wash away their petty misdeeds. That is because the dead are beyond reach and their mystique grows postmortem. \u201cEven extreme virtue will scarcely win you a reputation equal to\u201d that of the dead, he insists.<\/p>\n<p>Do AI reanimations devalue the currency of the dead by forcing them to keep popping up? Do they cheapen and destabilize their reputation by having them comment on events that happened long after their demise?<\/p>\n<p>In addition, these AI representations can be a powerful tool to influence audiences for political or legal purposes. Bringing back a popular dead singer to legitimize a political event and reanimating a dead victim to offer testimony are acts intended to sway an audience\u2019s judgment.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s one thing to channel a Churchill or a Roosevelt during a political speech by quoting them or even trying to sound like them. It\u2019s another thing to have \u201cthem\u201d speak alongside you. The potential of harnessing nostalgia is supercharged by this technology. Imagine, for example, what the Soviets, who\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/blog-post\/why-lenins-corpse-lives-putins-russia\">literally worshipped Lenin\u2019s dead body<\/a>, would have done with a deep fake of their old icon.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Good intentions<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>You could argue that because these reanimations are uniquely engaging, they can be used for virtuous purposes. Consider a reanimated Martin Luther King Jr., speaking to our currently polarized and divided nation, urging moderation and unity. Wouldn\u2019t that be grand? Or what about a reanimated\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/mordecai-anielewicz\">Mordechai Anielewicz<\/a>, the commander of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, speaking at the trial of a Holocaust denier like\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/4449212.stm\">David Irving<\/a>?<\/p>\n<p>But do we know what MLK would have thought about our current political divisions? Do we know what Anielewicz would have thought about restrictions on pernicious speech? Does bravely campaigning for civil rights mean we should call upon the digital ghost of King to comment on the impact of populism? Does fearlessly fighting the Nazis mean we should dredge up the AI shadow of an old hero to comment on free speech in the digital age?<\/p>\n<p>Even if the political projects these AI avatars served were consistent with the deceased\u2019s views, the problem of manipulation \u2013 of using the psychological power of deepfakes to appeal to emotions \u2013 remains.<\/p>\n<p>But what about enlisting AI Agatha Christie to teach a writing class? Deep fakes may indeed have salutary uses in educational settings. The likeness of Christie could make students more enthusiastic about writing.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gUur-i7HCCQ\">Fake Aristotle<\/a>\u00a0could improve the chances that students engage with his austere Nicomachean Ethics.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.syfy.com\/syfy-wire\/digital-albert-einstein-artificial-intelligence\">AI Einstein<\/a>\u00a0could help those who want to study physics get their heads around general relativity.<\/p>\n<p>But producing these fakes comes with a great deal of responsibility. After all, given how engaging they can be, it\u2019s possible that the interactions with these representations will be all that students pay attention to, rather than serving as a gateway to exploring the subject further.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Living on in the living<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In a poem written\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/allpoetry.com\/In-Memory-Of-W.B.-Yeats\">in memory of W.B. Yeats<\/a>, W.H. Auden tells us that, after the poet\u2019s death, Yeats \u201cbecame his admirers.\u201d His memory was now \u201cscattered among a hundred cities,\u201d and his work subject to endless interpretation: \u201cthe words of a dead man are modified in the guts of the living.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The dead live on in the many ways we reinterpret their words and works. Auden did that to Yeats, and we\u2019re doing it to Auden right here. That\u2019s how people stay in touch with those who are gone. In the end, we believe that using technological prowess to concretely bring them back disrespects them and, perhaps more importantly, is an act of disrespect to ourselves \u2013 to our capacity to abstract, think and imagine.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bios:<\/strong> Nir Eisikovits is Professor of Philosophy and Director, Applied Ethics Center and Daniel J. Feldman is a Senior Research Fellow, Applied Ethics Center both at UMass Boston<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Christopher Pelkey was shot and killed in a road range incident in 2021. On May 8, 2025, at the sentencing hearing for his killer, an AI video reconstruction of Pelkey delivered a\u00a0victim impact statement. The trial judge\u00a0reported being deeply moved\u00a0by this performance and issued the maximum sentence for manslaughter. As part of the ceremonies to [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/ai-reanimations-making-facsimiles-of-the-dead-raises-ethical-quandaries\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[434804],"tags":[435400],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-77284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","tag-reanimations"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>AI \u2018reanimations\u2019: Making facsimiles of the dead raises ethical quandaries - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/ai-reanimations-making-facsimiles-of-the-dead-raises-ethical-quandaries\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AI \u2018reanimations\u2019: Making facsimiles of the dead raises ethical quandaries - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Christopher Pelkey was shot and killed in a road range incident in 2021. On May 8, 2025, at the sentencing hearing for his killer, an AI video reconstruction of Pelkey delivered a\u00a0victim impact statement. The trial judge\u00a0reported being deeply moved\u00a0by this performance and issued the maximum sentence for manslaughter. 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