{"id":76748,"date":"2025-05-02T00:03:03","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T04:03:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=76748"},"modified":"2025-05-02T00:03:03","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T04:03:03","slug":"is-a-faith-based-charter-school-a-threat-to-religious-freedom-or-a-necessity-to-uphold-it-the-weighty-decision-lies-with-the-supreme-court","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/is-a-faith-based-charter-school-a-threat-to-religious-freedom-or-a-necessity-to-uphold-it-the-weighty-decision-lies-with-the-supreme-court\/","title":{"rendered":"Is a faith-based charter school a threat to religious freedom, or a necessity to uphold it? The weighty decision lies with the Supreme Court"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

As demonstrators gathered outside, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments on April 30, 2025, about whether Oklahoma can operate the nation\u2019s\u00a0first<\/a>\u00a0faith-based<\/a>\u00a0charter school<\/a>. St. Isidore of Seville would be a virtual, K-12 school run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma City and the Diocese of Tulsa.<\/p>\n

Charters are typically\u00a0public schools of choice<\/a>, funded by taxpayer dollars. Unlike regular public schools, they are free from most state regulations on curriculum and teacher qualifications. Until now, however, charters, like other public schools, have been secular.<\/p>\n

The litigation over St. Isidore reveals a built-in tension in the\u00a0First Amendment religion clauses<\/a>, under which \u201cCongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.\u201d While the free exercise clause guarantees people the right to believe as they wish, controversy remains over what constitutes an \u201cestablishment\u201d of religion.<\/p>\n

Here, the specific question is the extent to which, if any, states\u00a0can spend public funds<\/a>\u00a0to allow parents to enroll their children in\u00a0a faith-based charter school<\/a>. Supporters are appealing a 2024 ruling from the\u00a0Supreme Court of Oklahoma<\/a>, which held that a religious charter school violated state law, as well as the Oklahoma and federal constitutions.<\/p>\n

Oklahoma Gov. Kevin Stitt, a Republican supporter of St. Isidore, has said the case \u201cstands to be\u00a0one of the most significant religious and education freedom decisions<\/a>\u00a0in our lifetime.\u201d<\/p>\n

On the other hand, the attorney for St. Isidore\u2019s challengers \u2013 led by Oklahoma Attorney General Gentner Drummond, who blocked the school\u2019s opening \u2013 said that a victory for St. Isidore \u201cwould result in the astounding rule that states not only may but must fund and create public religious schools,\u00a0an astounding reversal<\/a>\u00a0from this court\u2019s time-honored precedents.\u201d<\/p>\n

It remains to be seen whether a ruling in favor of St. Isidore\u2019s would prove to be a win for religious freedom, as Stitt claimed, or a threat. Even so,\u00a0as a professor focused on education law<\/a>, I believe an order to continue expanding taxpayer aid to faith-based institutions looks more likely after Wednesday\u2019s arguments, where five of the eight participating justices\u00a0seemed sympathetic to St. Isidore<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The issues<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The Supreme Court\u00a0faces two key questions<\/a>.<\/p>\n

First, do the teachings of \u201ca privately owned and run school constitute state action simply because it contracts with the state to offer a free educational option for interested students?\u201d In other words, is a charter school a state actor?<\/p>\n

Second, the justices will weigh how\u00a0the First Amendment religion clauses<\/a>\u00a0apply to a faith-based charter school. According to the First Amendment, \u201cCongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.\u201d The question is whether Oklahoma\u00a0violates the free exercise clause<\/a>\u00a0by excluding schools from the charter program \u201csolely because the schools are religious.\u201d If so, is the exclusion justified by concerns about the government \u201cestablishing\u201d religion?<\/p>\n

The dispute over St. Isidore comes at a time when the Supreme Court has been steadily expanding the limits of aid to faith-based schools. Starting in 2016, a trio of cases have held that states cannot deny institutions and believers generally available, taxpayer-funded aid based solely on their religions. These cases covered aid\u00a0to enhance playground safety<\/a>\u00a0at a Missouri preschool, the right to participate in Montana\u2019s educational\u00a0tax credit program<\/a>, and providing\u00a0tuition assistance<\/a>\u00a0to Maine parents in districts\u00a0lacking public secondary schools<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The other issue \u2013 the \u201cstate actor\u201d question \u2013 essentially asks whether a state-funded school teaching Catholicism would constitute the government promoting a religion, in violation of the\u00a0First Amendment<\/a>\u2019s prohibition against doing so.<\/p>\n

Drummond, Oklahoma\u2019s attorney general, is also a Republican. However, he reversed his predecessor\u2019s action allowing St. Isidore\u2019s creation, arguing that the school \u201cmisuses the concept of religious liberty<\/a>\u00a0by employing it as a means to justify state-funded religion.\u201d<\/p>\n

In\u00a0a 2024 brief to the Supreme Court<\/a>, Drummond noted that Oklahoma\u2019s \u201ccharter schools bear all of the hallmarks of a public school,\u201d such as being entirely state-funded.\u00a0During April arguments<\/a>, his attorney emphasized that charters are \u201crequired to be public schools by the Congress of the United States and the legislatures of 47 states.\u201d<\/p>\n

If this argument prevails, it means St. Isidore is a government actor, and therefore it cannot promote any one religion over another.<\/p>\n

The state action claim may be difficult for St. Isidore\u2019s supporters to overcome. However, the ace in the hole is the Supreme Court\u2019s recent trend of expanding the boundaries of government aid to faith-based schools and their students.<\/p>\n

In fact, Chief Justice John Roberts\u00a0authored the majority opinion<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0all three of those cases<\/a>. Excluding a religious preschool \u201cfrom a public benefit for which it is otherwise qualified, solely because it is a church, is odious to our Constitution all the same, and cannot stand,\u201d\u00a0he wrote in the 2016 decision<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Justice Amy Barrett, a supporter of increased aid to faith-based schools, recused herself from participating in the oral arguments, without explanation. This leaves five justices who support expanding public aid for faith-based schools: Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh and Roberts.<\/p>\n

Oral arguments<\/strong><\/h4>\n

During questioning, Roberts commented that St. Isidore\u2019s creation seems like \u201cmuch more comprehensive<\/a>\u00a0[state] involvement\u201d with a religious organization, compared with the previous cases that expanded taxpayer aid to religious schools \u2013 leaving the door open to speculation over how he might vote. Nevertheless, he and the other four proponents of aid appeared open to St. Isidore\u2019s argument that to exclude faith-based schools from charter programs is unconstitutional discrimination on the basis of religion.<\/p>\n

\u201cAll the religious school is saying is don\u2019t exclude us on account of our religion,\u201d\u00a0Kavanaugh commented<\/a>. He added, \u201cYou can\u2019t treat religious people and religious institutions and religious speech as second class in the United States.\u201d<\/p>\n

The remaining justices \u2013 Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson \u2013 appeared skeptical of expanding state aid to faith-based schools.<\/p>\n

Illustrating the tensions within the First Amendment, Sotomayor remarked to the attorney representing St. Isidore, \u201cwhat you\u2019re saying is the\u00a0free exercise clause trumps<\/a>\u00a0the essence of the establishment clause.\u201d<\/p>\n

Jackson said to the same attorney that St. Isidore is \u201cnot being denied a benefit<\/a>\u00a0that everyone else gets. It\u2019s being denied a benefit that no one else gets, which is the ability to establish a religious public school.\u201d<\/p>\n

If Roberts agrees with these three justices, resulting in a 4-4 tie, the judgment of the Supreme Court of Oklahoma would remain undisturbed.<\/p>\n

In the words of the baseball sage Yogi Berra, \u201cit ain\u2019t over \u2018till it\u2019s over<\/a>.\u201d The court is expected to rule near the end of its term, likely in late June.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Charles J. Russo is the Joseph Panzer Chair in Education and Research Professor of Law at the University of Dayton<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As demonstrators gathered outside, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments on April 30, 2025, about whether Oklahoma can operate the nation\u2019s\u00a0first\u00a0faith-based\u00a0charter school. St. Isidore of Seville would be a virtual, K-12 school run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma City and the Diocese of Tulsa. Charters are typically\u00a0public schools of choice, funded by taxpayer […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[12524],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-76748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","tag-charter-schools"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIs a faith-based charter school a threat to religious freedom, or a necessity to uphold it? 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