{"id":76446,"date":"2025-04-04T00:00:34","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T04:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=76446"},"modified":"2025-04-04T00:00:34","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T04:00:34","slug":"lessons-from-el-salvador-for-us-university-leaders-facing-attacks-from-trump","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/lessons-from-el-salvador-for-us-university-leaders-facing-attacks-from-trump\/","title":{"rendered":"Lessons from El Salvador for US university leaders facing attacks from Trump"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nEven before President Donald Trump took office,\u00a0university presidents expressed concern<\/a>\u00a0about the impact of his agenda on higher education.<\/p>\n

Now they must lead their institutions in the wake of\u00a0executive orders<\/a>\u00a0and directives that appear to undermine their authority and autonomy.<\/p>\n

They include\u00a0cuts to research grant funding<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0prohibition of diversity programs<\/a>. The Trump administration has also proposed the\u00a0dismantling of the Department of Education<\/a>.<\/p>\n

These mandates contradict most university missions, which often include references to\u00a0advancing knowledge<\/a>\u00a0in service of democracy. But\u00a0few university leaders are taking public actions<\/a>\u00a0to oppose these directives.<\/p>\n

As\u00a0a psychology professor<\/a>\u00a0and a former dean focused on equitable educational access, I believe U.S. higher education leaders in Trump\u2019s crosshairs would do well to reflect on the courage of university leaders in El Salvador who, during the 1980s, opposed injustice despite facing grave personal risks for doing so.<\/p>\n

The Central American context<\/strong><\/h4>\n

El Salvador in the 1970s and 1980s<\/a>\u00a0was at the center of Cold War politics. In the name of preventing the spread of communism, the country\u2019s U.S.-backed oligarchy and military waged\u00a0a repressive campaign<\/a>\u00a0against people who pushed for human rights.<\/p>\n

The ensuing civil war saw\u00a0about 75,000 Salvadorans killed<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Before and during the conflict, universities that took the side of the poor and marginalized experienced intense backlash, including the revocation of funding and\u00a0attacks on the reputation of university leaders<\/a>.<\/p>\n

These actions feel eerily similar to those being taken against U.S. universities today.<\/p>\n

As\u00a0I write in my forthcoming book<\/a>, the heads of the\u00a0Central American University<\/a>\u00a0in El Salvador offer a model of courageous leadership.<\/p>\n

The university president, Ignacio Ellacur\u00eda, was a Jesuit priest and a renowned theologian and philosopher. His second in command, Ignacio Mart\u00edn-Bar\u00f3, also a Jesuit priest, was a social psychologist. Mart\u00edn-Bar\u00f3 developed the field of\u00a0liberation psychology<\/a>, which argues that oppression in society must be addressed to enable mental health and well-being.<\/p>\n

These leaders advanced ideas to create a more just society.<\/p>\n

They didn\u2019t serve the elite by reproducing a wealthy and educated upper class that would support the status quo. Instead, Ellacur\u00eda called for universities to center the\u00a0needs of poor community members<\/a>\u00a0in their teaching and social outreach.<\/p>\n

These university leaders and their faculty\u00a0immersed themselves in impoverished communities<\/a>\u00a0to understand their plight and work toward a common, empowered future.<\/p>\n

Their leadership was remarkable. They persisted in their work despite being wrongfully labeled as\u00a0Marxists and communists<\/a>. They were threatened with deportation and\u00a0targeted with death threats and bombing attacks<\/a>\u00a0on campus.<\/p>\n

Because of their efforts to promote justice, Ellacur\u00eda, Mart\u00edn-Bar\u00f3 and six other people were\u00a0assassinated on campus in 1989<\/a>\u00a0by U.S.-trained military forces.<\/p>\n

Elements of liberatory leadership<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The Central American University leaders understood the power of their authority as scholars. But they didn\u2019t use it to dominate others. They exercised their authority in service of the poor.<\/p>\n

Mart\u00edn-Bar\u00f3 created the\u00a0Institute for Public Opinion<\/a>\u00a0to collect and disseminate survey data about citizens\u2019 experiences.\u00a0In a 1988 survey<\/a>, respondents in the countryside reported high unemployment and the widespread sentiment that their condition had worsened over the past decade.<\/p>\n

He also published research on the\u00a0psychological impacts of political violence<\/a>\u00a0and war in El Salvador, including\u00a0post-traumatic stress in children and families<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The university leaders and faculty did not distance themselves from the people.<\/p>\n

Instead, they listened to their struggles and supported community groups such as the\u00a0ecclesial base communities<\/a>\u00a0that organized to resist oppression.<\/p>\n

A fundamental reason for the university\u2019s involvement in the country\u2019s struggles was its belief in the \u201cpreferential option for the poor<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

The theological concept upholds God\u2019s love for all of humanity, which requires that God take sides. According to the theologian\u00a0Gustavo Guti\u00e9rrez<\/a>, a contributor to the\u00a0development of Latin American liberation theology<\/a>, God does not remain neutral when people are oppressed, so neither should human leaders.<\/p>\n

US higher education<\/strong><\/h4>\n

These elements of liberatory leadership, I argue, can provide lessons for U.S. higher education leaders, even at U.S. secular institutions.<\/p>\n

Rather than refrain from communicating with faculty and students, university leaders might acknowledge the fear and pain people are feeling in response to\u00a0anti-immigration<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0anti-LGBTQ+ rhetoric<\/a>.<\/p>\n

University leaders might hold listening sessions to learn how executive orders are impacting faculty and students. In my experience as an executive coach, such listening sessions are uncommon due to fear of reprisal from politicians and other powerful stakeholders.<\/p>\n

Rather than\u00a0not discussing the impact of federal orders<\/a>, they might conduct surveys to publicize the scope of the effects. Leaders could make public statements, rooting their arguments in the values espoused by their university mission statements.<\/p>\n

That would run counter to declaring\u00a0institutional neutrality<\/a>, which\u00a0more than 140 higher educational institutions have adopted<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Yet, some leaders \u2013\u00a0Patricia McGuire of Trinity Washington University<\/a>\u00a0and groups such as\u00a0the American Council on Education<\/a>, for example \u2013 are \u201ctaking sides.\u201d They are affirming the value of diversity and inclusion in a mission-aligned manner that is akin to voicing a preferential option for the poor.<\/p>\n

To be sure, there are risks to this kind of leadership.<\/p>\n

U.S. academic leaders may not face the same outcome as their counterparts in 1980s Central America, but they do risk their reputations and livelihoods for speaking out.<\/p>\n

They may be called names or added to\u00a0online watch lists<\/a>. Their institutions may be\u00a0threatened with investigations and the cancellation of critical funds<\/a>. They may be fired.<\/p>\n

The Central American University leaders faced the same risks, yet they empowered people to continue to resist unjust actions. Among the ecclesial base communities, they remain an important example of leadership during troubled times.<\/p>\n

Fear did not guide their actions. Freedom and truth did \u2013 values that are foundational to democracy.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Annmarie Ca\u00f1o is Professor of Psychology at Gonzaga University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Even before President Donald Trump took office,\u00a0university presidents expressed concern\u00a0about the impact of his agenda on higher education. Now they must lead their institutions in the wake of\u00a0executive orders\u00a0and directives that appear to undermine their authority and autonomy. They include\u00a0cuts to research grant funding\u00a0and the\u00a0prohibition of diversity programs. The Trump administration has also proposed the\u00a0dismantling […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[435314],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-76446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-liberatory-leadership"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLessons from El Salvador for US university leaders facing attacks from Trump - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/lessons-from-el-salvador-for-us-university-leaders-facing-attacks-from-trump\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lessons from El Salvador for US university leaders facing attacks from Trump - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Even before President Donald Trump took office,\u00a0university presidents expressed concern\u00a0about the impact of his agenda on higher education. 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