{"id":76179,"date":"2025-03-14T01:00:20","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T05:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=76179"},"modified":"2025-03-14T01:00:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T05:00:20","slug":"can-the-trump-administration-legally-deport-palestinian-rights-advocate-mahmoud-khalil-3-things-to-know-about-green-card-holders-rights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/can-the-trump-administration-legally-deport-palestinian-rights-advocate-mahmoud-khalil-3-things-to-know-about-green-card-holders-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"Can the Trump administration legally deport Palestinian rights advocate Mahmoud Khalil? 3 things to know about green card holders\u2019 rights"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thehill.com\/regulation\/court-battles\/5190772-mahmoud-khalil-marco-rubio-free-speech\/\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-74913\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/educationnotdeportation.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/educationnotdeportation.jpg 700w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/educationnotdeportation-250x143.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/> <\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thehill.com\/regulation\/court-battles\/5190772-mahmoud-khalil-marco-rubio-free-speech\/\">Secretary of State Marco Rubio<\/a>\u00a0has said that the government will\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/marcorubio\/status\/1898858967532441945\">deport lawful permanent residents<\/a>\u00a0who support Hamas and came to the U.S. as students with an intent \u201cto rile up all kinds of anti-Jewish student, antisemitic activities,\u201d referencing the Palestinian rights protests at universities in 2024.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd if you end up having a green card \u2013 not citizenship, but a green card \u2013 as a result of that visa while you\u2019re here and those activities, we\u2019re going to kick you out. It\u2019s as simple as that. This is not about free speech.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/secretary-of-state-marco-rubio-remarks-to-press\/#:%7E:text=And%20if%20you%20end%20up,United%20States%20to%20begin%20with.\">This is about people that don\u2019t have a right<\/a>\u00a0to be in the United States to begin with,\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/politics\/rubio-revoking-columbia-agitator-mahmoud-khalils-green-card-not-about-free-speech\">Rubio said on March 12, 2025<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>That policy has now ensnared Mahmoud Khalil, a recent graduate of Columbia University and a leader in the Palestinian rights protest movement at the school. Khalil, a Palestinian who was born in Syria,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/rubio-confirms-ice-arrest-pro-143313601.html\">faces deportation<\/a>\u00a0after he was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/03\/10\/us\/mahmoud-khalil-columbia-university-israel-hnk\/index.html\">arrested on March 8, 2025<\/a>, in New York City. The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.theconversation.com\/static_files\/files\/3757\/Khalil_NTA_3-9-25.pdf?1741801588\">Department of Homeland Security said<\/a>\u00a0that the secretary of state had determined Khalil\u2019s presence or activities in the country posed \u201cserious adverse foreign policy consequences for the United States.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Khalil\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ccrjustice.org\/sites\/default\/files\/attach\/2025\/03\/11-Khalil.pdf\">entered the U.S. on a student visa in 2022<\/a>. In 2024, he received a green card and became a lawful permanent resident \u2013 meaning he has the legal right to work and stay in the U.S. There are an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ohss.dhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-11\/2024_1108_ohss_lawful_permenent_resident_population_estimate_2024_and_revised_2023.pdf\">estimated 12.8 million<\/a>\u00a0lawful permanent residents in the country.<\/p>\n<p>Khalil\u2019s lawyers say that his arrest and pending deportation\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/prominent-palestinian-activist-case-heads-040252230.html\">are unconstitutional<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In many respects, the rights of lawful permanent residents and citizens are similar. Yet citizens and lawful permanent residents do not enjoy equal status under the law.<\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court and other courts recognize that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/law.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/appellate-courts\/ca6\/24-3768\/24-3768-2024-10-08.html\">lawful permanent residents have First Amendment rights<\/a>\u00a0to free speech.<\/p>\n<p>Yet the Supreme Court\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/342\/580\/\">upheld deporting lawful permanent residents<\/a>\u00a0in the 1950s based on their political activity, in particular membership in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/347\/522\/\">Communist Party<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>So, while lawful permanent residents may not be criminally prosecuted for their political speech or activity, what they say or write may well affect their ability to remain in the U.S., if the government determines that they are a security risk.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019m a scholar of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/law.ucdavis.edu\/people\/gabriel-chin\">immigration law<\/a>. Here are three major differences between the rights of citizens and lawful permanent residents.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>1. Limited political rights<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Lawful permanent residents are people born in other countries who can legally work and live in the U.S. for as long as they like. They may enlist in the U.S. armed forces, apply to become U.S. citizens, and are legally protected against discrimination by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/laws\/guidance\/fact-sheet-immigrants-employment-rights-under-federal-anti-discrimination-laws\">private employers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>States also generally cannot discriminate against lawful permanent residents \u2013 though states may require certain groups of people, such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/441\/68\/#84\">teachers<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/454\/432\/\">police<\/a>, to have U.S. citizenship.<\/p>\n<p>Between 1820 and 1920, noncitizens routinely\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarship.law.upenn.edu\/penn_law_review\/vol141\/iss4\/3\/\">participated in different aspects of government<\/a>, including voting, holding office and jury service in many states and territories.<\/p>\n<p>These days, states and the federal government generally allow only citizens to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/casetext.com\/case\/perkins-v-smith\">serve on juries<\/a>, hold political positions and vote. With a few exceptions, such as voting in some local elections, permanent residents are not able to do any of these things.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2. Limited public benefits<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The distinction between noncitizens and citizens extends to other areas of life, such as public benefits.<\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court has\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/browse\/essay\/artI-S8-C4-1-1\/ALDE_00013160\/\">frequently stated<\/a>, \u201cIn the exercise of its broad power over naturalization and immigration, Congress regularly makes rules that would be unacceptable if applied to citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In practice, this means that the federal government \u2013 and to a much lesser extent, states \u2013 do not\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/426\/67\/\">offer public benefits<\/a>, such as Medicaid and other kinds of government support, to lawful permanent residents and other noncitizens on the same basis as citizens.<\/p>\n<p>For example, lawful permanent residents must generally wait five years before becoming eligible for certain programs intended to support low-income people, such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/ssi\">Supplemental Security Income<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program\">Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>3. Reversal of immigration status<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Finally, unlike citizens, lawful permanent residents can lose their legal immigration status.<\/p>\n<p>Congress has enacted many grounds for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/8\/1227\">deporting a noncitizen<\/a>, or stopping them from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/8\/1182\">entering the country<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Some courts have found that the U.S. government can deport a lawful permanent resident\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/immigration\/2025\/03\/11\/mahmoud-khalil-green-card-deportation\/\">because of national security<\/a>\u00a0or terrorism concerns, even if the person has not committed a crime.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/education\/5186205-border-czar-homan-columbia-arrest-khalil-ice-dhs-trump-immigration-crackdown\/\">The Trump administration argues<\/a>\u00a0that they can deport lawful permanent residents like Khalil under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1227&amp;num=0&amp;edition=prelim\">the 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act<\/a>, which states that a lawful permanent resident can be deported if the secretary of state has reasonable ground to believe that this person \u201cwould have potentially serious adverse foreign policy consequences for the United States.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Trump administration had initiated deportation proceedings against Khalil on this ground.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1182&amp;num=0&amp;edition=prelim\">U.S. law also provides<\/a>\u00a0that any non-citizen can be deported if the secretary of state and the attorney general jointly determine that the person is associated with terrorism, or poses a threat to the U.S. In addition, the law says an immigrant can be deported if they \u201cendorse or espouse\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/laws-and-policy\/legislation\/immigration-and-nationality-act\">terrorist activity or persuades others<\/a>\u201d to endorse or espouse terrorist activity or support a terrorist organization.<\/p>\n<p>Still, lawful permanent residents are entitled to certain basic rights, such as retaining a lawyer to represent them in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/459\/21\/\">administrative hearings and court<\/a>\u00a0before they are deported.<\/p>\n<p>By contrast, the U.S. government cannot deport a U.S. citizen\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/387\/253\/\">for any reason<\/a>. However, sometimes U.S. citizens are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/daily-comment\/when-ice-tries-to-deport-americans-who-defends-them\">deported by mistake<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, the Supreme Court has found that while it is constitutional to execute a military member for desertion in wartime, it would be\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/356\/86\/\">cruel and unusual punishment<\/a>\u00a0to deprive them of citizenship.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Legal grounds for deporting noncitizens<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>There have been few recent court cases testing the scope of deporting lawful permanent residents on national security grounds based on pure speech.<\/p>\n<p>In 1999,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/525\/471\/\">the Supreme Court ruled<\/a>\u00a0that if a person is deportable, they are deportable \u2013 even if there is some other reason that motivated the government\u2019s deportation proceedings, such as a suspicion that the non-citizen is involved with crime or terrorism.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/525\/471\/\">Supreme Court also then held<\/a>\u00a0that the government could deport non-citizens for technical visa violations, even if the case was based on the government\u2019s belief that the non-citizens were associated with a terrorist group.<\/p>\n<p>There is also some precedent arguing that deportation based on \u201cadverse foreign policy consequences\u201d is too broad and nonspecific to be constitutional.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, Marianne Trump Barry, the sister of the president,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/law.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/district-courts\/FSupp\/915\/681\/1618129\/\">held this opinion<\/a>\u00a0when she was a federal judge in the mid-1990s. But Samuel Alito, then an appeals court judge,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/law.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/appellate-courts\/F3\/91\/416\/476101\/\">overturned Barry\u2019s ruling on procedural grounds<\/a>\u00a0in 1996.<\/p>\n<p>For its part, the Supreme Court has occasionally held that very broad and indeterminate deportation grounds are \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/584\/15-1498\/\">void for vagueness<\/a>,\u201d meaning so sweeping and imprecise that they are unconstitutional.<\/p>\n<p>Khalil\u2019s lawyers appeared with U.S. government lawyers\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/us-news\/mahmoud-khalil-court-arrest-detention-immigration-green-card-rcna195990\">before a federal judge in New York<\/a>\u00a0on March 12. Their goal: to get Khalil moved from internment in Louisiana back to internment in New York. But that may well be just the beginning of a long haul for the Palestinian student. Courts have proved reluctant to second-guess security grounds rationales in immigration cases. For these reasons, cases like Khalil\u2019s may go on for years.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Gabriel J. Chin is Professor of Criminal Law, Immigration, and Race and Law at the University of California, Davis<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Secretary of State Marco Rubio\u00a0has said that the government will\u00a0deport lawful permanent residents\u00a0who support Hamas and came to the U.S. as students with an intent \u201cto rile up all kinds of anti-Jewish student, antisemitic activities,\u201d referencing the Palestinian rights protests at universities in 2024. \u201cAnd if you end up having a green card \u2013 not [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/can-the-trump-administration-legally-deport-palestinian-rights-advocate-mahmoud-khalil-3-things-to-know-about-green-card-holders-rights\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[435294],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-76179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business-politics","tag-deportation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Can the Trump administration legally deport Palestinian rights advocate Mahmoud Khalil? 3 things to know about green card holders\u2019 rights - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/can-the-trump-administration-legally-deport-palestinian-rights-advocate-mahmoud-khalil-3-things-to-know-about-green-card-holders-rights\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Can the Trump administration legally deport Palestinian rights advocate Mahmoud Khalil? 3 things to know about green card holders\u2019 rights - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Secretary of State Marco Rubio\u00a0has said that the government will\u00a0deport lawful permanent residents\u00a0who support Hamas and came to the U.S. as students with an intent \u201cto rile up all kinds of anti-Jewish student, antisemitic activities,\u201d referencing the Palestinian rights protests at universities in 2024. \u201cAnd if you end up having a green card \u2013 not [&hellip;]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/can-the-trump-administration-legally-deport-palestinian-rights-advocate-mahmoud-khalil-3-things-to-know-about-green-card-holders-rights\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-03-14T05:00:20+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/educationnotdeportation.jpg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/can-the-trump-administration-legally-deport-palestinian-rights-advocate-mahmoud-khalil-3-things-to-know-about-green-card-holders-rights\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/can-the-trump-administration-legally-deport-palestinian-rights-advocate-mahmoud-khalil-3-things-to-know-about-green-card-holders-rights\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"Can the Trump administration legally deport Palestinian rights advocate Mahmoud Khalil? 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