{"id":75308,"date":"2024-12-24T00:26:19","date_gmt":"2024-12-24T05:26:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=75308"},"modified":"2024-12-24T00:26:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T05:26:19","slug":"are-we-moral-blank-slates-at-birth-a-new-study-offers-some-clues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/are-we-moral-blank-slates-at-birth-a-new-study-offers-some-clues\/","title":{"rendered":"Are we moral blank slates at birth? A new study offers some clues"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-75309\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/crawling.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/crawling.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/crawling-250x149.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>What does a baby know about right and wrong? A foundational finding in moral psychology suggested that even infants have a moral sense, preferring \u201chelpers\u201d over \u201chinderers\u201d before uttering their first word. Now, nearly 20 years later, a study that tried to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/desc.13581\">replicate these findings<\/a>\u00a0calls this result into question.<\/p>\n<p>In the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature06288\">original study<\/a>, Kiley Hamlin and her colleagues showed a puppet show to six- and ten-month-old babies. During the show, the babies would see a character \u2014 which was really just a shape with googly eyes \u2014 struggling to reach the top of a hill.<\/p>\n<p>Next, a new character would either help the struggling individual reach the top (acting as a \u201chelper\u201d) or push the character back down to the bottom of the hill (acting as a \u201chinderer\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>By gauging babies\u2019 behaviour \u2014 specifically, watching how their eyes moved during the show and whether they preferred to hold a specific character after the show ended \u2014 it seemed that the infants had basic moral preferences. Indeed, in the first study, 88% of the ten-month-olds \u2013 and 100% of the six-month-olds \u2013 chose to reach for the helper.<br \/>\n<center><iframe width=\"796\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/anCaGBsBOxM\" title=\"An Experiment by Kiley Hamlin: Helpers and Hinderers\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>But psychology, and developmental psychology, in particular, is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/gb\/basics\/replication-crisis\">no stranger to replicability concerns<\/a>\u00a0(when it is difficult or impossible to reproduce the results of a scientific study). After all, the original study sampled only a few dozen infants.<\/p>\n<p>This isn\u2019t the fault of the researchers; it\u2019s just really hard to collect data from babies. But what if it was possible to run the same study again \u2014 with say, hundreds or even thousands of babies? Would researchers find the same result?<\/p>\n<p>This is the chief aim of ManyBabies, a consortium of developmental psychologists spread around the world. By combining resources across individual research labs, ManyBabies can robustly test findings in developmental science, like Hamlin\u2019s original \u201chelper-hinderer\u201d effect. And as of last month, the results are in.<\/p>\n<p>With a final sample of 567 babies, tested in 37 research labs across five continents, babies did not show evidence of an early-emerging moral sense. Across the ages tested, babies showed no preference for the helpful character.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Blank slate?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>John Locke, an English philosopher\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/locke\/\">argued<\/a>\u00a0that the human mind is a \u201ctabula rasa\u201d or \u201cblank slate\u201d. Everything that we, as humans, know comes from our experiences in the world. So should people take the most recent ManyBabies result as evidence of this? My answer, however underwhelming, is \u201cperhaps\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>This is not the first attempted replication of the helper-hinderer effect (nor is it the first \u201cfailure to replicate\u201d). In fact, there have been a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/fulltext\/2018-33347-001.html\">number of successful replications<\/a>. It can be hard to know what underlies differences in results. For example, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4310275\/\">previous \u201cfailure\u201d<\/a>\u00a0seemed to come from the characters\u2019 \u201cgoogly eyes\u201d not being oriented the right way.<\/p>\n<p>The ManyBabies experiment also had an important change in how the \u201cshow\u201d was presented to infants. Rather than a puppet show performed live to baby participants, researchers instead presented a video with digital versions of the characters. This approach has its strengths. For example, ensuring that the exact same presentation occurs across every trial, in every lab. But it could also shift how babies engage with the show and its characters.<\/p>\n<p>I appreciated the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bsky.app\/profile\/mcxfrank.bsky.social\/post\/3lcgtoas5gs2w\">recent remarks<\/a>\u00a0made by Michael Frank, founder of the ManyBabies consortium, on social network BlueSky: \u201cSome people will jump to the interpretation that [the results of ManyBabies] shows that the original finding was incorrect (and hence that the other replications were incorrect as well, and the earlier non-replications were right). This [is] one possibility \u2013 but we shouldn\u2019t be so quick to jump to conclusions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Rather, we can take this finding for exactly what it is: a well-executed large investigation (senior-authored by Kiley Hamlin herself) of the hypothesis that infants prefer helpers over hinderers. In this instance, the hypothesis was not supported.<\/p>\n<p>This could be because, underneath it all, Locke was right. Perhaps the babies tested hadn\u2019t had enough time in the world to learn \u201cright from wrong\u201d, so they wouldn\u2019t make any distinction between a helpful character and a harmful one. Or perhaps there\u2019s something more complicated going on. Only more science, with many, many more babies, will tell us.<\/p>\n<p>At the very least, a question mark now hangs over one of the most famous experiments in developmental psychology.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Madeline G. Reinecke is a Postdoctoral Researcher, Collective Moral Development at the University of Oxford<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What does a baby know about right and wrong? A foundational finding in moral psychology suggested that even infants have a moral sense, preferring \u201chelpers\u201d over \u201chinderers\u201d before uttering their first word. Now, nearly 20 years later, a study that tried to\u00a0replicate these findings\u00a0calls this result into question. In the\u00a0original study, Kiley Hamlin and her [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/are-we-moral-blank-slates-at-birth-a-new-study-offers-some-clues\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[434260],"tags":[435208],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-75308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-family-life","tag-babies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Are we moral blank slates at birth? A new study offers some clues - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/are-we-moral-blank-slates-at-birth-a-new-study-offers-some-clues\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Are we moral blank slates at birth? A new study offers some clues - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What does a baby know about right and wrong? A foundational finding in moral psychology suggested that even infants have a moral sense, preferring \u201chelpers\u201d over \u201chinderers\u201d before uttering their first word. Now, nearly 20 years later, a study that tried to\u00a0replicate these findings\u00a0calls this result into question. 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