{"id":74931,"date":"2024-11-20T00:09:12","date_gmt":"2024-11-20T05:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=74931"},"modified":"2024-11-20T00:09:52","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T05:09:52","slug":"young-people-were-becoming-more-anxious-long-before-social-media-heres-the-evidence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/young-people-were-becoming-more-anxious-long-before-social-media-heres-the-evidence\/","title":{"rendered":"Young people were becoming more anxious long before social media \u2013 here\u2019s the evidence"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Thanks to bestselling authors like Jonathan Haidt and Jean Twenge, the public has become increasingly aware of the rapid rise in mental health issues among younger people in many western countries. Their warnings about the destructive impact of social media have had an effect, reflected not least in a wave of schools across Europe\u00a0banning smartphones<\/a>.<\/p>\n

While it\u2019s good to draw attention to the rising rates of depression and anxiety, there\u2019s a risk of becoming fixated on simplistic explanations that reduce the issue to technical variables like \u201cscreen time\u201d. In my book,\u00a0Why We Worry: A Sociological Explanation<\/a>, I aim to broaden the discussion.<\/p>\n

A hallmark of Twenge and Haidt\u2019s arguments is their use of trend lines for various types of psychological distress, showing increases after 2012, which Haidt calls the start of the \u201cgreat rewiring\u201d when smartphones became widespread. This method has been\u00a0criticised<\/a>\u00a0for overemphasising correlations that may say little about causality. Another problem is the limited timeframe of these analyses.<\/p>\n

Most of the graphs in Haidt\u2019s book The Anxious Generation\u00a0begin around 2002 and end around 2018<\/a>. Drawing definitive conclusions from just 16 years of data presents several challenges.<\/p>\n

One such challenge is that earlier increases are obscured. For instance, when Haidt shows a rise in psychological distress in Nordic countries starting in 2010, we don\u2019t see what happened before 2002. It risks giving the impression that nothing changed before the spread of smartphones.<\/p>\n

However, in Sweden, the\u00a0Public Health Agency<\/a>\u00a0has collected data on\u00a0mental wellbeing among young people since 1986<\/a>. Looking at self-reported issues with low mood, it\u2019s clear there has been a longer upward trend since the 1980s.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Proportion of boys and girls, ages 11-15, who report feeling low almost every day during the last six months from 1985-86 to 2017-18, Public Health Agency of Sweden.<\/p><\/div>\n

Similarly, although the 2010s brought a spike among girls, sleep problems have increased long before the introduction of smartphones.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Proportion of boys and girls, ages 11-15, who report having sleep problems almost every day during the last six months from 1985-86 to 2017-18, Public Health Agency of Sweden.<\/p><\/div>\n

We also see an earlier onset of rising mental health issues in countries like\u00a0Norway<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0the UK<\/a>. According to a review in the journal\u00a0Psychological Medicine<\/a>, the reported prevalence of long-standing mental health conditions among four- to 24-year-olds increased sixfold in England between 1995 and 2014 and more than doubled in Scotland between 2003 and 2014.<\/p>\n

The US also shows a longer-term increase in mental health issues. Twenge, one of the most prominent critics of youth smartphone use,\u00a0wrote in 2000<\/a>\u00a0that the \u201caverage American child in the 1980s reported more anxiety than child psychiatric patients in the 1950s\u201d.<\/p>\n

In 2011<\/a>, she noted that \u201calmost all of the available evidence suggests a sharp rise in anxiety, depression, and mental health issues among Western youth between the early 20th century and the early 1990s\u201d.<\/p>\n

This brings us to a mystery that deepens when we examine\u00a0the World Mental Health surveys<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 a series of community psychiatric surveys coordinated by the World Health Organization and conducted in 30 countries.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Mean lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in the World Mental Health surveys in the country income groups (2001-11)<\/p><\/div>\n

In 17 of 18 mental problems<\/a>, there is a consistent pattern of prevalence being lower in the low- and lower-middle-income countries than in high-income countries. This stark difference, which contrasts sharply with patterns in physical health, cannot be explained by smartphone access, as the national surveys were conducted between 2001 and 2011.<\/p>\n

So, what can explain this geographical and historical variation beyond the introduction of smartphones and social media?<\/p>\n

Numerous academics, including me, have pointed to factors such as an increasing intolerance for\u00a0uncertainty in modernity<\/a>, a fixation \u2013 both individual and collective \u2013\u00a0on avoiding risk<\/a>, intensifying feelings of meaninglessness\u00a0in work<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0life more broadly<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0rising national inequality<\/a>\u00a0accompanied by\u00a0growing status anxiety<\/a>. However, it\u2019s important to emphasise that social science has so far failed to provide definitive answers.<\/p>\n

One could contend that all social problems, even those that social science has yet to fully understand, affect mental health. It seems unlikely that the political and social challenges we face wouldn\u2019t influence our wellbeing. Reducing the issue to isolated variables, where the solution might appear to be to introduce a new policy (like banning smartphones) follows a technocratic logic that could turn good health into a matter for experts.<\/p>\n

The risk with this approach is that society as a whole is excluded from the analysis. Another risk is that politics is drained of meaning. If\u00a0political questions<\/a>\u00a0such as structural discrimination, economic precarity, exposure to violence and opioid use are not regarded as shaping our wellbeing, what motivation remains for taking action on these matters?<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Roland Paulsen is Associate Professor of Sociology at Lund University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thanks to bestselling authors like Jonathan Haidt and Jean Twenge, the public has become increasingly aware of the rapid rise in mental health issues among younger people in many western countries. Their warnings about the destructive impact of social media have had an effect, reflected not least in a wave of schools across Europe\u00a0banning smartphones. […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[30455],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-74931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-anxiety"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nYoung people were becoming more anxious long before social media \u2013 here\u2019s the evidence - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/young-people-were-becoming-more-anxious-long-before-social-media-heres-the-evidence\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Young people were becoming more anxious long before social media \u2013 here\u2019s the evidence - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thanks to bestselling authors like Jonathan Haidt and Jean Twenge, the public has become increasingly aware of the rapid rise in mental health issues among younger people in many western countries. 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