{"id":74272,"date":"2024-09-26T00:05:06","date_gmt":"2024-09-26T04:05:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=74272"},"modified":"2024-09-26T00:05:06","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T04:05:06","slug":"what-americas-history-can-teach-us-about-debates-on-religious-freedom-and-its-importance-for-democracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/what-americas-history-can-teach-us-about-debates-on-religious-freedom-and-its-importance-for-democracy\/","title":{"rendered":"What America\u2019s history can teach us about debates on religious freedom and its importance for democracy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Supporters of both major U.S. political parties tend to claim their presidential candidate is the \u201creal\u201d Christian or the \u201cbetter\u201d Christian or just the \u201ctrue\u201d Christian.<\/p>\n

For a\u00a0majority of white evangelical protestants<\/a>, Trump is the good Christian. Christians for Kamala, a newly created group of self-identified Christians who support the Democratic nominee, say that her campaign embodies the \u201ccompassionate heart of Jesus and his teachings<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yet, most American adults\u00a0agree that religion should be separate from government<\/a>. This widely shared belief is a cornerstone of religious freedom. As a\u00a0scholar of religious freedom<\/a>, I have studied the complex and ever-evolving role of religion in American politics. I argue that this election year, while the Christian character of each candidate is discussed everywhere, religious freedom, one of the core freedoms of American democracy, is not.<\/p>\n

The case of Ezra Stiles Ely<\/strong><\/h4>\n

America\u2019s history of religious freedom is filled with stories that are\u00a0instructive for our current moment<\/a>. One such instructive lesson comes from the early 19th century.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0Second Great Awakening<\/a>\u00a0was an intense period of religious revival. Evangelical Christians sought to reform American law and politics to reflect what they considered to be true Christianity. According to legal scholar\u00a0Geoffrey R. Stone<\/a>, it was at this time the claim that the \u201cUnited States is a \u2018Christian nation\u2019 first seriously took root<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

A striking figure from the period is the Philadelphia Presbyterian minister\u00a0Ezra Stiles Ely<\/a>. On July 4, 1827, the Yale-educated minister delivered his infamous call for \u201ca Christian political party\u201d in the run-up to the 1828 presidential election.<\/p>\n

Ely\u2019s oration,\u00a0The Duty of Christian Freemen to Elect Christian Rulers<\/a>, is a 19th-century version of what is today called \u201cChristian nationalism<\/a>.\u201d In it, Ely lays out his view of a distinctly Christian vision of who should serve as political leaders and how they should govern.<\/p>\n

Before an Independence Day audience in Philadelphia\u2019s Seventh Presbyterian Church, Ely declared, \u201cEvery ruler should be an avowed and sincere friend of Christianity. He should know and believe the doctrines of our holy religion, and act in conformity to its precepts.\u201d Ely also advocated for \u201ca new sort of union, or, if you will, a Christian party in politics.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ely closed his sermon by exhorting Christians to \u201cawake \u2026 to our sacred duty to our Divine Master; and let us have no rulers, without our consent and cooperation, who are not known to be avowedly Christians.\u201d<\/p>\n

Critiques in defense of religious freedom<\/strong><\/h4>\n

While Ely sought to wed Christianity and American politics, others voices responded against this move. Religious freedom was new for the young nation. Yet, its supporters recognized its importance for American democracy.<\/p>\n

On Feb. 7, 1828, a pamphlet titled\u00a0Sunday School Union, or Union of Church and State<\/a>\u00a0was placed on the desk of each member of the Pennsylvania Senate. The pamphlet contained excerpts of Ely\u2019s speech that advocated the union of Christianity and politics. Ely\u2019s speech was also the subject of debate in several 19th-century newspapers, including the Harrisburg Chronicle and The Pennsylvania Reporter.<\/p>\n

Notable among these voices was Massachusetts-born and Harvard-educated\u00a0Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In an 1828 speech delivered in Salem, Massachusetts, Story boldly declared his support for religious freedom.\u00a0He stated<\/a>: \u201cReligious freedom is the birthright of man; that governments have no authority to inflict punishment for conscientious differences of opinion; and that to worship God according to our own belief is not only our privilege, but is our duty, our absolute duty, from which no human tribunal can absolve us.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWherever religious liberty exist,\u201d he argued, \u201cit will, first or last, bring in, and establish political liberty.\u201d<\/p>\n

Politics and American democracy<\/strong><\/h4>\n

America is not the same as at the time of the Second Great Awakening. Yet, the role of Christianity in political life is seemingly as alive as ever.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0steady decline in church attendance<\/a>\u00a0has not resulted in a diminished Christian presence in American public life. The public square still contains powerful appeals to Christianity rather than a shared democratic heritage.<\/p>\n

Former president and Republican nominee Donald Trump\u00a0recently stated<\/a>, \u201cWe have to bring back our religion. We have to bring back Christianity in this country.\u201d<\/p>\n

Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito<\/a>\u00a0has commended the\u00a0religious convictions of citizens, stating<\/a>, \u201cPeople with deep religious convictions may be less likely to succumb to dominating ideologies or trends, and more likely to act in accordance with what they see as true and right. Civil society can count on them as engines of reform.\u201d<\/p>\n

A\u00a02023 survey<\/a>, in which the nonprofit, nonpartisan research and education organization PRRI interviewed more than 22,000 adults, found that approximately 3 in 10 Americans either supported or held Christian nationalist views. Christian nationalists tend \u201cto see political struggles through the apocalyptic lens of revolution and to support political violence.\u201d<\/p>\n

In my opinion, the linkage of Christianity and politics in the United States undermines American democracy.\u00a0Amanda Tyler, executive director of the Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty<\/a>, a prominent public voice, explains how Christian nationalism undermines both Christianity and American democracy. In her 2024 book \u201cHow to End Christian Nationalism<\/a>,\u201d Tyler writes, \u201cChristian nationalism is the greatest threat to religious liberty in the U.S. today, as well as a clear and present danger to our constitutional republic.\u201d<\/p>\n

While debates over the Christian virtues of the candidates may be important for Christian communities, religious freedom is important for American democracy. The response to Christianity and politics is not more Christianity but more democracy. And religious freedom is key.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Corey D. B. Walker is Dean and Wake Forest Professor of the Humanities at Wake Forest University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Supporters of both major U.S. political parties tend to claim their presidential candidate is the \u201creal\u201d Christian or the \u201cbetter\u201d Christian or just the \u201ctrue\u201d Christian. For a\u00a0majority of white evangelical protestants, Trump is the good Christian. Christians for Kamala, a newly created group of self-identified Christians who support the Democratic nominee, say that her […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[12576],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-74272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business-politics","tag-religious-freedom"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat America\u2019s history can teach us about debates on religious freedom and its importance for democracy - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/what-americas-history-can-teach-us-about-debates-on-religious-freedom-and-its-importance-for-democracy\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What America\u2019s history can teach us about debates on religious freedom and its importance for democracy - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Supporters of both major U.S. political parties tend to claim their presidential candidate is the \u201creal\u201d Christian or the \u201cbetter\u201d Christian or just the \u201ctrue\u201d Christian. 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