{"id":73911,"date":"2024-08-27T00:00:59","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T04:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=73911"},"modified":"2024-08-27T00:00:59","modified_gmt":"2024-08-27T04:00:59","slug":"a-third-of-the-worlds-population-lacks-internet-connectivity-%e2%88%92-airborne-communications-stations-could-change-that","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/a-third-of-the-worlds-population-lacks-internet-connectivity-%e2%88%92-airborne-communications-stations-could-change-that\/","title":{"rendered":"A third of the world\u2019s population lacks internet connectivity \u2212 airborne communications stations could change that"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

About one-third of the global population, around 3 billion people, don\u2019t have access to the internet or have poor connections\u00a0because of<\/a>\u00a0infrastructure limitations, economic disparities and geographic isolation.<\/p>\n

Today\u2019s satellites and ground-based networks leave communications gaps where,\u00a0because of geography<\/a>, setting up traditional ground-based communications equipment would be too expensive.<\/p>\n

High-altitude platform stations<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 telecommunications equipment positioned high in the air, on uncrewed balloons, airships, gliders and airplanes \u2013 could increase social and economic equality by filling internet connectivity gaps in ground and satellite coverage. This could allow more people to participate fully in the digital age.<\/p>\n

One of us, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, is\u00a0an electrical engineer<\/a>\u00a0who contributed to an experiment that showed it is possible to provide high data rates and ubiquitous 5G coverage\u00a0from the stratosphere<\/a>. The stratosphere is the second lowest layer of the atmosphere, ranging from 4 to 30 miles above the Earth. Commercial planes usually fly in the lower part of the stratosphere. The experiment measured signals between platform stations and users on the ground in three scenarios: a person staying in one place, a person driving a car and a person operating a boat.<\/p>\n

My colleagues measured how strong the signal is in relation to interference and background noise levels. This is one of the measures of network reliability. The results showed that the platform stations can support high-data-rate applications such as streaming 4K resolution videos and can cover 15 to 20 times the area of standard terrestrial towers.<\/p>\n

Early attempts by\u00a0Facebook<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Google<\/a>\u00a0to commercially deploy platform stations were unsuccessful. But\u00a0recent investments<\/a>, technological improvements and interest from traditional aviation companies and\u00a0specialized aerospace startups<\/a>\u00a0may\u00a0change the equation<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The goal is global connectivity, a cause that brought the platform stations idea recognition in the World Economic Forum\u2019s 2024\u00a0Top 10 Emerging Technologies report<\/a>. The international industry initiative\u00a0HAPS Alliance<\/a>, which includes academic partners, is also pushing toward that goal.<\/p>\n

Fast, cost effective, flexible<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Platform stations would be faster, more cost effective and more flexible than satellite-based systems.<\/p>\n

Because they keep communications equipment closer to Earth than satellites, the stations could offer stronger, higher-capacity signals. This would enable real-time communications speedy enough to communicate with\u00a0standard smartphones<\/a>, high-resolution capabilities for imaging tasks and greater sensitivity for sensing applications. They transmit data via free-space optics, or light beams, and large-scale antenna array systems, which can send large amounts of data quickly.<\/p>\n

Satellites can be\u00a0vulnerable to eavesdropping or jamming<\/a>\u00a0when their orbits bring them over adversarial countries. But platform stations remain within the airspace of a single country, which reduces that risk.<\/p>\n

High-altitude platform stations are also easier to put in place than satellites, which have high\u00a0launch<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0maintenance<\/a>\u00a0costs. And the regulatory requirements and compliance procedures required to secure spots in the stratosphere are likely to be simpler than the complex international laws governing satellite orbits. Platform stations are also easier to upgrade, so improvements could be deployed more quickly.<\/p>\n

Platform stations are also potentially less polluting than\u00a0satellite mega-constellations<\/a>\u00a0because satellites burn up upon reentry and\u00a0can release harmful metals<\/a>\u00a0into the atmosphere, while platform stations can be powered by clean energy sources such as solar and green hydrogen.<\/p>\n

The key challenges to practical platform stations are increasing the amount of time they can stay aloft to months at a time, boosting green onboard power and improving reliability \u2013 especially during automated takeoff and landing through the lower turbulent layers of the atmosphere.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Diagram<\/div>\n
<\/div>
A network of interconnected high-altitude platform stations could connect mobile users and Internet of Things devices in rural areas.
\n<\/span><\/span>Platform stations could play a critical role in emergency and humanitarian situations by supporting relief efforts when ground-based networks are damaged or inoperative.<\/p>\n

The stations could also connect\u00a0Internet of Things<\/a>\u00a0(IoT) devices and sensors in remote settings to better monitor the environment and manage resources.<\/p>\n

In agriculture, the stations could use\u00a0imaging and sensing technologies<\/a>\u00a0to help farmers monitor crop health, soil conditions and water resources.<\/p>\n

Their capability for\u00a0high-resolution imaging<\/a>\u00a0could also support navigation and mapping activities crucial for cartography, urban planning and disaster response.<\/p>\n

The stations could also do double duty by\u00a0carrying instruments<\/a>\u00a0for atmospheric monitoring, climate studies and remote sensing of Earth\u2019s surface features, vegetation and oceans.<\/p>\n

From balloons to airplanes<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Platform stations could be based on\u00a0different types of aircraft<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Balloons offer stable, long-duration operation at high altitudes and can be tethered or free-floating. Airships, also known as dirigibles or blimps, use lighter-than-air gases and are larger and more maneuverable than balloons. They\u2019re especially well suited for surveillance, communications and research.<\/p>\n

Gliders and powered aircraft can be controlled more precisely than balloons, which are sensitive to variations in wind speed. In addition, powered aircraft, which include drones and fixed-wing airplanes, can provide electricity to communication equipment, sensors and cameras.<\/p>\n

Next-generation power<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Platform stations could make use of diverse power sources, including increasingly\u00a0lightweight<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0efficient<\/a>\u00a0solar cells,\u00a0high-energy-density batteries<\/a>,\u00a0green hydrogen internal combustion engines<\/a>,\u00a0green hydrogen fuel cells<\/a>, which are now at the testing stage, and eventually,\u00a0laser beam powering from ground-<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0space-based solar stations<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0evolution of lightweight aircraft designs<\/a>\u00a0coupled with advancements in\u00a0high-efficiency motors and propellers<\/a>\u00a0enable planes to fly longer and carry heavier payloads. These\u00a0cutting-edge lightweight planes<\/a>\u00a0could lead to platform stations capable of maneuvering in the stratosphere for extended periods.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile,\u00a0improvements in stratospheric weather models and atmospheric models<\/a>\u00a0make it easier to predict and simulate the conditions under which the platform stations would operate.<\/p>\n

Bridging the global digital divide<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Commerical deployment of platform stations, at least for post-disaster or emergency situations, could be in place by the end of the decade. For instance, a consortium in Japan, a country with remote mountainous and island communities,\u00a0has earmarked US$100 million<\/a>\u00a0for solar-powered, high-altitude platform stations.<\/p>\n

Platform stations could bridge the digital divide by increasing access to critical services such as education and health care, providing new economic opportunities and improving emergency response and environmental monitoring. As advances in technology continue to drive their evolution, platform stations are set to play a crucial role in a more inclusive and resilient digital future.<\/p>\n

Author Bios:<\/strong> Mohamed-Slim Alouini is Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology and Mariette DiChristina is Dean and Professor of the Practice in Journalism, College of Communication at Boston University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

About one-third of the global population, around 3 billion people, don\u2019t have access to the internet or have poor connections\u00a0because of\u00a0infrastructure limitations, economic disparities and geographic isolation. Today\u2019s satellites and ground-based networks leave communications gaps where,\u00a0because of geography, setting up traditional ground-based communications equipment would be too expensive. High-altitude platform stations\u00a0\u2013 telecommunications equipment positioned high […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[434724],"tags":[435068],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-73911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-internet","tag-access-to-the-internet"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA third of the world\u2019s population lacks internet connectivity \u2212 airborne communications stations could change that - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/a-third-of-the-worlds-population-lacks-internet-connectivity-\u2212-airborne-communications-stations-could-change-that\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A third of the world\u2019s population lacks internet connectivity \u2212 airborne communications stations could change that - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"About one-third of the global population, around 3 billion people, don\u2019t have access to the internet or have poor connections\u00a0because of\u00a0infrastructure limitations, economic disparities and geographic isolation. 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