{"id":73728,"date":"2024-08-07T00:13:48","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T04:13:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=73728"},"modified":"2024-08-07T00:13:48","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T04:13:48","slug":"astronomy-olympics-is-being-hosted-in-africa-for-the-first-time-4-big-talking-points","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/astronomy-olympics-is-being-hosted-in-africa-for-the-first-time-4-big-talking-points\/","title":{"rendered":"Astronomy \u2018Olympics\u2019 is being hosted in Africa for the first time: 4 big talking points"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cutting-edge telescopes, gravitational waves, black holes and our solar system\u2019s central star, the Sun, are just a few of the topics that will be on the table in Cape Town, South Africa, for an event that\u2019s a scientific version of the Olympic Games \u2013 though the world\u2019s leading astronomy researchers in attendance will be showcasing their brains rather than their brawn.<\/p>\n

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) was established in 1919 and held its first General Assembly in Rome, Italy, in 1922. These assemblies, held every four years, are a chance for the organisation\u2019s members and affiliates to meet in person, and for researchers to share their work with their peers from around the globe.<\/p>\n

The\u00a032nd General Assembly<\/a>, which kicks off on 6 August and concludes nine days later, marks the meeting\u2019s first outing in Africa. This is a significant milestone for the continent; astronomy has grown and strengthened tremendously over the past decade.<\/p>\n

This is largely, though not entirely, a result of South Africa\u2019s status as co-host, with Australia, of what will be the world\u2019s largest radio telescope, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), operated and managed by the\u00a0Square Kilometre Array Observatory<\/a>. Its first phase is set for completion in 2027; its precursor, the MeerKAT telescope, is already making\u00a0huge contributions<\/a>\u00a0to both South African and international science. Additional SKA dishes will be located in eight other African countries: Ghana, Zambia, Madagascar, Botswana, Namibia, Kenya, Mauritius and Mozambique.<\/p>\n

As an astronomer \u2013 and the member of the assembly\u2019s national organising committee tasked with coordinating its scientific activities \u2013 I am very excited to see this meeting come to the African continent for the first time.<\/p>\n

The programme is packed with\u00a0symposia<\/a>, focus meetings dedicated to\u00a0a variety of astronomical subjects<\/a>, poster presentations and more. Here, I\u2019ve chosen just four of the scientific topics under discussion during the assembly.<\/p>\n

1. The James Webb Space Telescope<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The astronomy world rejoiced on 25 December 2021 when the\u00a0James Webb Space Telescope<\/a>\u00a0was successfully launched.<\/p>\n

Months later the telescope went into testing and verification phases; it is now in full science operations mode and producing discoveries at an astonishing rate. What makes it especially effective is that it offers astronomers the high sensitivity \u2013 the ability to detect faint, distant objects \u2013 required to study the early universe.<\/p>\n

One of the assembly\u2019s symposia<\/a>, titled \u201cThe first chapters of our cosmic history with JWST\u201d features some of the new results in the exploration of the early universe, when the first stars and galaxies were formed.<\/p>\n

This is fascinating for astronomers and non-astronomers alike: we\u2019re all interested in knowing whether there\u2019s another planet like ours out there, and the James Webb Space Telescope has already been used to discover many new exoplanets (planets that orbit outside our own solar system). Could any of these planets be habitable for humans? We may have answers sooner than we expected as the telescope continues its remarkable work.<\/p>\n

2. The incoming king of radio astronomy<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Neutral hydrogen<\/a>\u00a0is the most abundant element in the universe and is an essential part of the makeup of galaxies in the universe. When the spin direction of the electron in the hydrogen atom flips, radio emissions are produced. These emissions can be detected by radio telescopes and are crucial for understanding the distribution and kinematics (motion) of gases in galaxies.<\/p>\n

MeerKAT, a precursor to the SKA, is already producing groundbreaking neutral hydrogen science because it is currently the most sensitive telescope for neutral hydrogen observations.<\/p>\n

Of course, a project the size and scope of the SKA won\u2019t only be discussed in one or two sessions. An entire\u00a0focus meeting<\/a>\u00a0at the assembly is dedicated to delving into the history of astronomy in South Africa and how it evolved to the point that it was chosen to host the world\u2019s biggest radio astronomy project.<\/p>\n

3. Gravitational waves<\/strong><\/h4>\n

It\u2019s been nine years since scientists announced that they had, for the first time ever,\u00a0detected gravitational waves<\/a>. This provided clear evidence to support\u00a0Albert Einstein\u2019s prediction<\/a>, a century earlier, that\u00a0gravitational waves existed<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Since that first confirmation a variety of new science has emerged in the field of gravitational wave astrophysics. Astronomers are able to explore our observable universe using not just electromagnetic waves, but gravitational waves \u2013 \u201cripples\u201d in space-time \u2013 too. Many of these results will be showcased in\u00a0a symposium<\/a>\u00a0at the general assembly.<\/p>\n

4. Our star: the Sun and its massive counterparts<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The Sun, the central star of our solar system, is the nearest stellar laboratory available to scientists studying the true nature and environmental impact of solar winds and coronal mass ejections, otherwise referred to as space storms that cause aurora.<\/p>\n

Stars of masses eight times or more than that of the Sun are referred to as massive stars. Such high-mass stars evolve faster than their low-mass counterparts. They end their lives in an explosive process, a supernova, and leave behind a fast-spinning neutron star, known as a pulsar.<\/p>\n

One of the focus meetings will concentrate on\u00a0exploring new results<\/a>\u00a0that bridge the gap between massive stars, supernovae and transients from pulsars. Understanding the full evolutionary sequence of massive stars is key to understanding the evolution of galaxies since massive stars influence the chemical composition, structure and morphology of their host galaxy. And\u00a0a symposium<\/a>\u00a0has been dedicated to considering recent advances in solar observations.<\/p>\n

Side meetings<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The general assembly is also a chance for groups of astronomers to organise side meetings. Some of the science under discussion at these meetings in 2024 includes the\u00a0Event Horizon Telescope<\/a>, a global array which is used for black hole imaging, and the\u00a0African Millimetre Telescope<\/a>\u00a0in Namibia. Other meetings will focus on the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory and how to keep night skies dark and quiet for optimal radio astronomy.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> James Okwe Chibueze is Distinguished Professor at the College of Science, Engineering and Technology at the University of South Africa<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cutting-edge telescopes, gravitational waves, black holes and our solar system\u2019s central star, the Sun, are just a few of the topics that will be on the table in Cape Town, South Africa, for an event that\u2019s a scientific version of the Olympic Games \u2013 though the world\u2019s leading astronomy researchers in attendance will be showcasing […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[12140],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-73728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science-tech","tag-astronomy-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAstronomy \u2018Olympics\u2019 is being hosted in Africa for the first time: 4 big talking points - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/astronomy-olympics-is-being-hosted-in-africa-for-the-first-time-4-big-talking-points\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astronomy \u2018Olympics\u2019 is being hosted in Africa for the first time: 4 big talking points - 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