{"id":73564,"date":"2024-07-22T00:38:19","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T04:38:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=73564"},"modified":"2024-07-22T00:38:19","modified_gmt":"2024-07-22T04:38:19","slug":"meditation-can-be-harmful-and-can-even-make-mental-health-problems-worse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/meditation-can-be-harmful-and-can-even-make-mental-health-problems-worse\/","title":{"rendered":"Meditation can be harmful \u2013 and can even make mental health problems worse"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Since mindfulness it\u2019s something you can practice at home for free, it often sounds like the perfect tonic for stress and mental health issues. Mindfulness is a type of Buddhist-based meditation in which you focus on being aware of what you\u2019re sensing, thinking and feeling in the present moment.<\/p>\n

The first recorded evidence for this, found in India, is over 1,500 years old. The Dharmatr\u0101ta Meditation Scripture, written by a community of Buddhists, describes various practices and includes reports of\u00a0symptoms of depression<\/a>\u00a0and anxiety that can occur after meditation. It also details cognitive anomalies associated with episodes of psychosis, dissociation and depersonalisation (when people feel the world is \u201cunreal\u201d).<\/p>\n

In the past eight years there has been a surge of scientific research in this area. These studies show that adverse effects are not rare. A\u00a02022 study<\/a>, using a sample of 953 people in the US who meditated regularly, showed that over 10% of participants experienced adverse effects which had a significant negative impact on their everyday life and lasted for at least one month.<\/p>\n

According to a\u00a0review of over 40 years<\/a>\u00a0of research that was published in 2020, the most common adverse effects are anxiety and depression. These are followed by psychotic or delusional symptoms, dissociation or depersonalisation, and fear or terror.<\/p>\n

Research also found that\u00a0adverse effects<\/a>\u00a0can happen to people without previous mental health problems, to those who have only had\u00a0a moderate exposure<\/a>\u00a0to meditation and they can lead to\u00a0long-lasting symptoms<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The western world has also had evidence about these adverse affects for a long time. In 1976, Arnold Lazarus, a key figure in the cognitive-behavioural science movement, said that meditation, when used indiscriminately,\u00a0could induce<\/a>\u00a0\u201cserious psychiatric problems such as depression, agitation, and even schizophrenic decompensation\u201d.<\/p>\n

There is evidence that mindfulness\u00a0can benefit<\/a>\u00a0people\u2019s wellbeing. The problem is that mindfulness coaches, videos, apps and books rarely warn people about the potential adverse effects.<\/p>\n

Professor of management and ordained Buddhist teacher Ronald Purser wrote in his 2023 book\u00a0McMindfulness<\/a>\u00a0that mindfulness has become a kind of \u201ccapitalist spirituality\u201d. In the US alone, meditation is worth US$2.2 billion (\u00a31.7 billion). And the senior figures in the mindfulness industry should be aware of the problems with meditation. Jon Kabat-Zinn, a key figure behind the mindfulness movement, admitted in a\u00a02017 interview<\/a>\u00a0with the Guardian that \u201c90% of the research [into the positive impacts] is subpar\u201d.<\/p>\n

In his\u00a0foreword<\/a>\u00a0to the 2015 UK Mindfulness All-Party Parliamentary Report, Jon Kabat-Zinn suggests that mindfulness meditation can eventually transform \u201cwho we are as human beings and individual citizens, as communities and societies, as nations, and as a species\u201d.<\/p>\n

This religious-like enthusiasm for the power of mindfulness to change not only individual people but the course of humanity is common among advocates. Even many atheists and agnostics who practice mindfulness\u00a0believe that this practice<\/a>\u00a0has the power to increase peace and compassion in the world.<\/p>\n

Media discussion of mindfulness has also been somewhat imbalanced. In 2015, my book with clinical psychologist Catherine Wikholm,\u00a0Buddha Pill<\/a>, included a chapter summarising the research on meditation adverse effects. It was widely disseminated by the media, including a\u00a0New Scientist<\/a>\u00a0article, and a\u00a0BBC Radio 4 documentary<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But there was little media coverage in 2022 of the\u00a0most expensive study<\/a>\u00a0in the history of meditation science (over US$8 million funded by research charity the Wellcome Trust). The study tested more than 8,000 children (aged 11-14) across 84 schools in the UK from 2016 to 2018. Its results showed that mindfulness failed to improve the mental wellbeing of children compared to a control group, and may even have had detrimental effects on those who were at risk of mental health problems.<\/p>\n

Ethical implications<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Is it ethical to sell mindfulness apps, teach people meditation classes, or even use mindfulness in clinical practice without mentioning its adverse effects? Given the evidence of how varied and common these effects are, the answer should be no.<\/p>\n

However, many meditation and mindfulness instructors believe that these practices can only do good and don\u2019t know about the potential for adverse effects. The most common account I hear from people who have suffered adverse meditation effects is that the teachers don\u2019t believe them. They\u2019re usually told to just\u00a0keep meditating<\/a>\u00a0and it will go away.<\/p>\n

Research about how to safely practice meditation has only recently begun, which means there isn\u2019t yet clear advice to give people. There is a wider problem in that meditation deals with unusual states of consciousness and we don\u2019t have psychological theories of mind to help us understand these states.<\/p>\n

But there are resources people can use to learn about these adverse effects. These include websites\u00a0produced by meditators<\/a>\u00a0who experienced serious adverse effects and\u00a0academic handbooks<\/a>\u00a0with dedicated sections to this topic. In the US there is a\u00a0clinical service<\/a>\u00a0dedicated to people who have experienced acute and long term problems, led by a mindfulness researcher.<\/p>\n

For now, if meditation is to be used as a wellbeing or therapeutic tool, the public needs to be informed about its potential for harm.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Miguel Farias is Associate Professor in Experimental Psychology at Coventry University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Since mindfulness it\u2019s something you can practice at home for free, it often sounds like the perfect tonic for stress and mental health issues. Mindfulness is a type of Buddhist-based meditation in which you focus on being aware of what you\u2019re sensing, thinking and feeling in the present moment. The first recorded evidence for this, […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[109017],"tags":[421658],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-73564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health-care","tag-meditation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMeditation can be harmful \u2013 and can even make mental health problems worse - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/meditation-can-be-harmful-and-can-even-make-mental-health-problems-worse\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Meditation can be harmful \u2013 and can even make mental health problems worse - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Since mindfulness it\u2019s something you can practice at home for free, it often sounds like the perfect tonic for stress and mental health issues. 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