{"id":73540,"date":"2024-07-19T00:37:14","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T04:37:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=73540"},"modified":"2024-07-19T00:37:14","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T04:37:14","slug":"after-more-than-40-years-the-federal-right-to-free-education-for-immigrant-students-finds-itself-in-the-crosshairs-of-conservatives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/after-more-than-40-years-the-federal-right-to-free-education-for-immigrant-students-finds-itself-in-the-crosshairs-of-conservatives\/","title":{"rendered":"After more than 40 years, the federal right to free education for immigrant students finds itself in the crosshairs of conservatives"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Texas once had a law that allowed public schools to charge tuition for undocumented immigrant families to send their children to school. The rationale was that taxpayer dollars should not be spent educating children whose families were not in the U.S. legally.<\/p>\n

When the Supreme Court\u00a0struck down the law <\/a>\u00a0in 1982, it held that young people have a constitutional right to access education. In its 5-4 decision in\u00a0Plyler v. Doe,<\/a>\u00a0the court stated that any resources that might be saved by excluding undocumented children from public school would be outweighed by the societal harms \u2013 increased unemployment, welfare and crime \u2013 of denying a young person an education.<\/p>\n

The Supreme Court also recognized that education is the primary vehicle for \u201ctransmitting the values<\/a>\u00a0on which our society rests.\u201d<\/p>\n

All children, regardless of immigrant status, have enjoyed the right to a free public education ever since.<\/p>\n

But with the\u00a0growing number<\/a>\u00a0of those foreign born without permanent legal status or entering the United States, some politicians are raising concerns about how their children will affect school resources.<\/p>\n

Conservative politicians<\/a>\u00a0and policy groups are\u00a0formulating plans<\/a>\u00a0to upend the 1982 Supreme Court case in order to address the rising costs of public school education. They want to charge foreign-born students to attend K-12 schools, which they believe will\u00a0provoke a lawsuit<\/a>\u00a0that could enable the Supreme Court to revisit its decision granting access to education for all.<\/p>\n

In May 2024, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott, a Republican, said the federal government should\u00a0cover the cost of educating undocumented children<\/a>\u00a0if states are required to let them attend public schools.<\/p>\n

While providing an education to immigrants is constitutionally required,\u00a0economically advantageous<\/a>\u00a0and, I believe, morally correct, there are challenges. To educate these children effectively requires looking at class size, school resources and the unique and sometimes traumatic experiences that the growing number of immigrant children may present.<\/p>\n

Growth and costs<\/strong><\/h4>\n

While it can be\u00a0difficult to get a reliable count<\/a>\u00a0on the number of immigrant children in the U.S. \u2013 and the costs associated with their education \u2013 there are some ballpark estimates and general trends.<\/p>\n

The size of the student immigrant population has been steadily growing. The Census Bureau estimated in 2021 that\u00a0649,000 immigrant children ages 5 to 17<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 representing 30% of all foreign-born children, including both authorized and undocumented entrants \u2013 had been in the United States for three years or less.<\/p>\n

The growing number of immigrant students increases the costs to school districts, but by exactly how much per school is not known. The conservative Heritage Foundation claims the cost is about\u00a0US$2 billion per year<\/a>, but it didn\u2019t break down the cost by the legality of immigration status.<\/p>\n

While critics of public education for all focus on cost, the benefits of immigration cannot be ignored. Undocumented immigrants contribute an estimated\u00a0$13 billion to Social Security<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 contributions they make through payroll taxes when they use a fake Social Security number or someone else\u2019s to get a job.<\/p>\n

Social and emotional needs<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Immigrant students often arrive with\u00a0emotional stresses<\/a>\u00a0from trauma, separation anxiety, fear of fitting in, and language barriers. The struggle to acquire basic skills is compounded by the daily\u00a0fear of being deported<\/a>. Schools may need education experts and extra\u00a0counseling services<\/a>\u00a0to serve these students.<\/p>\n

Despite the various issues and challenges that immigrant students face, a 2023 report found\u00a0no negative consequences<\/a>\u00a0to U.S.-born students from sharing a classroom with immigrant peers. The immigrant students in the study were highly motivated and well-behaved, and they brought cultural awareness.<\/p>\n

Next steps<\/strong><\/h4>\n

From my standpoint as a\u00a0college educator and former State Department official<\/a>, I see three broad areas that merit attention.<\/p>\n

Information:<\/strong>\u00a0Before states set up a constitutional challenge by charging immigrant students a tuition they can\u2019t afford, accurate data should be compiled about the costs, benefits and trade-offs of providing education to all children, regardless of migrant status. Antiquated systems for collecting school data must be updated; public schools should receive grants as an incentive for providing accurate information about immigrant students.<\/p>\n

Success stories:<\/strong>\u00a0To help improve teaching of immigrant students \u2013 and of all students \u2013 districts can learn from the success of public schools that have adopted interventions to lessen fear, improve language skills and break down cultural barriers.<\/p>\n

At Eagleton Elementary School in Denver, for example, educators started a \u201cNew Arrivals\u201d class to\u00a0accommodate newcomers from Venezuela<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In West Springfield, Massachusetts, parents and teachers work together to provide shelter, transportation from hotel to school and mental health supports to the area\u2019s\u00a0many newcomers who face homelessness<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Resources:<\/strong>\u00a0Schools need additional resources to help newly arriving families with school registration, legal assistance and language skills. The Department of Education has proposed\u00a0$940 million in 2025<\/a>\u00a0to support multilingual learners to provide additional services, such as food banks, shelter and medical assistance \u2013 a $50 million boost from the latest fiscal year. The federal government has also\u00a0reminded states<\/a>\u00a0that leftover pandemic aid can support immigrant students before a funding deadline this fall.<\/p>\n

At the end of the day, educating children \u2013 regardless of their immigration status \u2013 has been a bedrock value of America, embedded in law. That is now a source of debate.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Tara Sonenshine is the Edward R. Murrow Professor of Practice in Public Diplomacy at Tufts University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Texas once had a law that allowed public schools to charge tuition for undocumented immigrant families to send their children to school. The rationale was that taxpayer dollars should not be spent educating children whose families were not in the U.S. legally. When the Supreme Court\u00a0struck down the law \u00a0in 1982, it held that young […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[435030],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-73540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","tag-educating-children"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAfter more than 40 years, the federal right to free education for immigrant students finds itself in the crosshairs of conservatives - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/after-more-than-40-years-the-federal-right-to-free-education-for-immigrant-students-finds-itself-in-the-crosshairs-of-conservatives\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"After more than 40 years, the federal right to free education for immigrant students finds itself in the crosshairs of conservatives - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Texas once had a law that allowed public schools to charge tuition for undocumented immigrant families to send their children to school. 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