{"id":73279,"date":"2024-06-24T00:07:04","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T04:07:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=73279"},"modified":"2024-06-24T00:07:04","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T04:07:04","slug":"surgeon-generals-call-for-warning-labels-on-social-media-underscores-concerns-for-teen-mental-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/surgeon-generals-call-for-warning-labels-on-social-media-underscores-concerns-for-teen-mental-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Surgeon general\u2019s call for warning labels on social media underscores concerns for teen mental health"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-73281\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thinsbo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thinsbo.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thinsbo-250x200.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Amid growing concerns over the effects of social media on teen mental health, on June 17, 2024,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/06\/17\/opinion\/social-media-health-warning.html\">U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy called for warning labels<\/a>\u00a0to be added to social media platforms, similar to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK99240\/figure\/ch6.f5\/\">surgeon general warnings on cigarettes<\/a>\u00a0and alcohol.<\/p>\n<p>Murphy\u2019s warning cited research showing that teens who use more than three hours of social media a day face\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2325\">double the risk of mental health problems<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This comes a year after Murphy\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/sg-youth-mental-health-social-media-advisory.pdf\">issued a major public advisory <\/a>\u00a0over the links between social media and youth mental health.<\/p>\n<p>As a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/som.cuanschutz.edu\/Profiles\/Faculty\/Profile\/29092\">specialist in eating disorders and anxiety<\/a>, I regularly work with clients who experience eating disorder symptoms, self-esteem issues and anxiety\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.cuanschutz.edu\/news-stories\/how-does-social-media-affect-our-mental-health\">related to social media<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>I also\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(23)00116-5\">have firsthand experience with this topic<\/a>: I am 16 years post-recovery from an eating disorder, and as a teenager, I grew up when people were beginning to widely use social media. In my view, the impact of social media on mental health, especially on diet and exercise patterns, cannot simply be mitigated with a warning label. However, it is an important starting point for raising awareness of the harms of social media.<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe width=\"932\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AwoiPMDEj5c\" title=\"Surgeon general calls for warnings on social media platforms\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Links, associations and causal effects<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Experts have long suspected that social media may be playing a role in the growing\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/04\/23\/health\/mental-health-crisis-teens.html\">mental health crisis in young people<\/a>. However, the surgeon general\u2019s 2023 warning was one of the first\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/05\/23\/health\/surgeon-general-social-media-mental-health.html\">government warnings supported by robust research<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Critics of the call for warning labels argue that it oversimplifies a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/06\/20\/nx-s1-5010412\/does-science-back-up-the-surgeon-generals-call-for-a-warning-label-on-social-media\">complex issue<\/a>\u00a0and that limiting social media access in any way would do more harm than good. Some supporters feel that it is a step in the right direction and far less restrictive than trying to start with more widespread privacy regulations.<\/p>\n<p>And so far, calls for action over\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2024\/06\/17\/vivek-murthy-social-media-warning-label-00163792\">regulating social media have fallen flat<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers are limited to only studying associations, which make causal links difficult to establish. But there\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/mounting-research-documents-the-harmful-effects-of-social-media-use-on-mental-health-including-body-image-and-development-of-eating-disorders-206170\">are numerous studies<\/a>\u00a0that do show a relationship between viewing media and worsened self-esteem,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/digitalwellnesslab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pulse-Survey_Adolescent-Attitudes-Effects-and-Experiences.pdf\">body image<\/a>\u00a0and mental health.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, there is scientific data that has shown the effectiveness of including warning labels to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sph.unc.edu\/sph-news\/pictures-on-cigarette-warning-labels-can-help-smokers-kick-the-habit-despite-lack-of-effect-on-risk-beliefs\/\">deter use of substances such as tobacco<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240044449\">alcohol<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>However, the strategy of warning labels has been used for eating disorder content and digitally altered images on the internet, with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23242\">mixed results<\/a>. These studies showed that the warning labels do not reduce the negative impact of the media on body image. Some of the research even found that the warning labels might\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118978238.ieml0060\">increase body and appearance comparisons<\/a>, which are thought to be key reasons why social media can be harmful to self-esteem.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Potential harms<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Research shows that images of beauty as depicted in movies, social media, television and magazines\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-843X.103.4.836\">can lead to mental illness<\/a>, issues with disordered eating and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fpch%2F8.5.287\">body image dissatisfaction<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Body dissatisfaction among children and adolescents is commonplace and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2023.1037932\">has been linked to<\/a>\u00a0decreased quality of life, worsened mood and unhealthy eating habits.<\/p>\n<p>The mental health of adolescents and teens has been\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/04\/23\/health\/mental-health-crisis-teens.html\">declining for the past decade<\/a>, and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.psychres.2023.115082\">COVID-19 pandemic contributed to worsening youth mental health<\/a>\u00a0and brought it into the spotlight. As the mental health crisis surges, researchers have been taking a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cuanschutz360.buzzsprout.com\/1991131\/10641970-how-does-social-media-affect-our-mental-health\">close look at the role of social media<\/a>\u00a0in these increasing mental health concerns.<\/p>\n<h4>The pros and cons of social media<\/h4>\n<p>About 95% of children and adolescents in the U.S. between the ages of 10 and 17 are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/sg-youth-mental-health-social-media-advisory.pdf\">using social media almost constantly<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/monitor\/2024\/04\/teen-social-use-mental-health\">A 2023 study<\/a>\u00a0found that teens spend about five hours per day on social media.<\/p>\n<p>Research has shown that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.commonsensemedia.org\/sites\/default\/files\/research\/report\/2021-coping-with-covid19-full-report.pdf\">social media can be beneficial<\/a>\u00a0for finding\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/26011\">community support<\/a>. However, studies have also shown that the use of social media contributes to social comparisons, unrealistic expectations and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2325\">negative mental health effects<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, those who have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/topics\/social-media-internet\/health-advisory-adolescent-social-media-use.pdf\">preexisting mental health conditions<\/a>\u00a0tend to spend more time on social media. People in that category are more likely to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444817694499\">self-objectify<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.06.003\">internalize the thin body ideal<\/a>. Women and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001091\">people with preexisting body image concerns<\/a>\u00a0are more likely than others to feel worse about their bodies and themselves after they spend time on social media.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>A breeding ground for eating disorders?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A recent review found that, as with mass media, the use of social media is a risk factor for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001091\">the development of an eating disorder<\/a>, body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating. In this review, social media use was shown to contribute to negative self-esteem, social comparisons, decreased emotional regulation and idealized self-presentation that negatively influenced body image.<\/p>\n<p>Another study, called the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dove.com\/us\/en\/stories\/campaigns\/social-media-and-body-image.html\">Dove Self-Esteem Project<\/a>, published in April 2023, found that 9 in 10 children and adolescents ages 10 to 17 are exposed to toxic beauty content on social media, and 1 in 2 say that this has an impact on their mental health.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers have also found that increased time at home during the pandemic\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.luriechildrens.org\/en\/blog\/social-media-parenting-statistics\/\">led to more social media use by young people<\/a>\u00a0and therefore more exposure to toxic body image and dieting social media content.<\/p>\n<p>While social media alone will not cause eating disorders,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/striped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1267\/2022\/10\/Real-Cost-of-Beauty-Report-10-4-22.pdf\">societal beliefs about beauty<\/a>, which are amplified by social media, can contribute to the development of eating disorders.<br \/>\n<center><iframe width=\"932\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VN6st_4_FDg\" title=\"How social media is impacting mental health among teens\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/c\n\n\n<h4><strong>\u2018Thinspo\u2019 and \u2018fitspo\u2019<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Toxic beauty standards online include the normalization of cosmetic and surgical procedures and pro-eating-disorder content, which promotes and romanticizes eating disorders. For instance, social media sites have promoted trends such as \u201cthinspo,\u201d which is focused on the thin ideal, and \u201cfitspo,\u201d which perpetuates the belief of there being a perfect body that can be achieved with dieting, supplements and excessive exercise.<\/p>\n<p>Research has shown that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-019-0246-2\">social media content encouraging \u201cclean eating<\/a>\u201d or following a diet based on pseudoscientific claims can lead to obsessive behavior around food. These unfounded \u201cwellness\u201d posts\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105659\">enter>can lead to weight cycling, yo-yo dieting<\/a>, chronic stress, body dissatisfaction and higher likelihood of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444818821064\">muscular and thin-ideal internalization<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Some social media posts feature\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18042186\">pro-eating-disorder content<\/a>, which directly or indirectly encourages disordered eating. Other posts promote deliberate manipulation of one\u2019s body, using harmful quotes such as \u201cnothing tastes as good as thin feels.\u201d These posts provide a false sense of connection, allowing users to bond over a shared goal of losing weight, altering their appearance and continuing patterns of disordered eating.<\/p>\n<p>While young people\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dove.com\/us\/en\/stories\/campaigns\/real-cost-of-beauty\/thestats.html\">can often recognize and understand<\/a>\u00a0toxic beauty advice\u2019s effects on their self-esteem, they may still continue to engage with this content. This is in part because friends, influencers and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2022.03.007\">social media algorithms<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-012-9898-9\">encourage people<\/a>\u00a0to follow certain accounts.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Phone-free zones<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Small steps at home to cut down on social media consumption can also make a difference. Parents and caregivers can\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.luriechildrens.org\/en\/blog\/social-media-parenting-statistics\/\">create phone-free periods<\/a>\u00a0for the family. Examples of this include putting phones away while the family watches a movie together or during mealtimes.<\/p>\n<p>Adults can also help by modeling healthy social media behaviors and encouraging children and adolescents to focus\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dove.com\/us\/en\/dove-self-esteem-project\/help-for-parents\/social-media\/social-media-filters.html\">on building connections and engaging in valued activities<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Mindful social media consumption is another helpful approach. This requires recognizing what one is feeling during social media scrolling. If spending time on social media makes you feel worse about yourself or seems to be causing mood changes in your child, it may be time to change how you or your child interact with social media.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Emily Hemendinger is Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Amid growing concerns over the effects of social media on teen mental health, on June 17, 2024,\u00a0U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy called for warning labels\u00a0to be added to social media platforms, similar to\u00a0surgeon general warnings on cigarettes\u00a0and alcohol. Murphy\u2019s warning cited research showing that teens who use more than three hours of social media a [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/surgeon-generals-call-for-warning-labels-on-social-media-underscores-concerns-for-teen-mental-health\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[109017],"tags":[434995],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-73279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health-care","tag-thinspo-and-fitspo"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Surgeon general\u2019s call for warning labels on social media underscores concerns for teen mental health - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/surgeon-generals-call-for-warning-labels-on-social-media-underscores-concerns-for-teen-mental-health\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Surgeon general\u2019s call for warning labels on social media underscores concerns for teen mental health - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Amid growing concerns over the effects of social media on teen mental health, on June 17, 2024,\u00a0U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy called for warning labels\u00a0to be added to social media platforms, similar to\u00a0surgeon general warnings on cigarettes\u00a0and alcohol. 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