{"id":73090,"date":"2024-06-07T00:20:33","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T04:20:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=73090"},"modified":"2024-06-07T00:20:33","modified_gmt":"2024-06-07T04:20:33","slug":"an-american-flag-a-pencil-sharpener-%e2%88%92-and-the-10-commandments-louisianas-new-bill-to-mandate-biblical-displays-in-classrooms-is-the-latest-to-push-limits-of-religion-in-public-schoo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/an-american-flag-a-pencil-sharpener-%e2%88%92-and-the-10-commandments-louisianas-new-bill-to-mandate-biblical-displays-in-classrooms-is-the-latest-to-push-limits-of-religion-in-public-schoo\/","title":{"rendered":"An American flag, a pencil sharpener \u2212 and the 10 Commandments: Louisiana\u2019s new bill to mandate biblical displays in classrooms is the latest to push limits of religion in public schools"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-73091\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tencommandments.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tencommandments.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tencommandments-250x188.jpeg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Louisiana is not a stranger to controversy over religion in schools. In 2023, it joined\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecs.org\/in-god-we-trust-public-school-displays-of-the-national-motto\/\">almost 20 states<\/a>\u00a0that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.edweek.org\/policy-politics\/louisianas-public-schools-must-now-display-in-god-we-trust-in-classrooms\/2023\/08\">require or allow<\/a>\u00a0officials in public schools to post the national motto, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/louisianas-in-god-we-trust-law-tests-limits-of-religion-in-public-schools-210095\">In God We Trust<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Now, the Bayou State could become the first in the nation to require the posting of the Ten Commandments in classrooms in public schools, colleges and universities.<\/p>\n<p>Lawmakers approved\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legis.la.gov\/legis\/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1375508\">House Bill 71<\/a>\u00a0on May 28, 2024, though Gov. Jeff Landry has not yet signed it into law. The bill would require officials in public schools, including colleges and universities, to post a specific version of the Ten Commandments. The text is similar to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thehill.com\/opinion\/civil-rights\/4684714-louisiana-wants-the-ten-commandments-in-schools-but-which-version\/\">the King James translation of the Bible<\/a>\u00a0used in many Protestant churches.<\/p>\n<p>Officials must post a context statement highlighting the role of the Ten Commandments in American history and may also display\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legis.la.gov\/legis\/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1375508\">the Pilgrims\u2019 Mayflower Compact<\/a>, the Declaration of Independence and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/milestone-documents\/northwest-ordinance\">the Northwest Ordinance of 1787<\/a>, a federal enactment to settle the frontier \u2013 and the earliest congressional document encouraging the creation of schools.<\/p>\n<p>One of the bill\u2019s supporters, state Sen. J. Adam Bass, defended it on the grounds that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.governing.com\/politics\/louisiana-may-require-the-ten-commandments-be-posted-in-classrooms\">its \u201cpurpose is not solely religious<\/a>.\u201d He told fellow lawmakers that the Ten Commandments are important because of their \u201chistorical significance, which is simply one of many documents that display the history of our country and foundation of our legal system.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>As someone who\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/udayton.edu\/directory\/education\/eda\/russo_charles.php\">teaches and researches law around religion and education<\/a>, I believe the bill is problematic. It is likely to invite litigation at a time when the Supreme Court\u2019s thinking on religion and state is shifting.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>How SCOTUS has ruled before<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Litigation over the Ten Commandments is not new. More than 40 years ago, in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supremecourt\/text\/449\/39\">Stone v. Graham<\/a>, the Supreme Court rejected a Kentucky statute that mandated displays of the Ten Commandments in classrooms.<\/p>\n<p>The court reasoned that the underlying law violated\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/constitution\/amendment-1\/\">the First Amendment\u2019s establishment clause<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 \u201cCongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion\u201d \u2013 because the mandate lacked a secular purpose.<\/p>\n<p>The justices were not persuaded by a small notation on posters that described the Ten Commandments as the \u201cfundamental legal code of Western Civilization and the Common Law of the United States.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Twenty-five years later, the Supreme Court again took up cases challenging public displays of the Ten Commandments, although not in schools. This time, the justices reached mixed results.<\/p>\n<p>The first arose in Kentucky, where officials had erected a county courthouse display about texts including the Ten Commandments, the Magna Carta, the Declaration of Independence and a biblical citation. In a 2005 ruling in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supct\/html\/03-1693.ZS.html\">McCreary County, Kentucky v. American Civil Liberties Union of Kentucky<\/a>, the five-person majority agreed that display of the Ten Commandments violated the establishment clause, largely because it lacked a secular legislative purpose.<\/p>\n<p>On the same day, however, the Supreme Court reached the opposite result in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supct\/html\/03-1500.ZO.html\">Van Orden v. Perry<\/a>, a case from Texas. The court upheld the constitutionality of a display of the Ten Commandments on the grounds of the state capitol as one of 17 monuments and 21 historical markers commemorating Texas\u2019 history.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike the fairly new display in Kentucky, the one in Texas, which had existed since the early 1960s, was erected using private funds. The court permitted the Ten Commandments to remain because, despite their religious significance, the monument was a more passive display than in Stone: spread out across 22 acres, rather than posted on the courthouse door.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Louisiana\u2019s law<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/legiscan.com\/LA\/bill\/HB71\/2024\">Louisiana\u2019s bill<\/a>\u00a0would require public school officials to display framed copies of the Ten Commandments in all public school classrooms. Posters must be at least 11-by-14 inches and be printed with a large, easily readable font. The proposal allows, but does not require, officials to use state funds to purchase these posters. Displays can also be received as donations or purchased with gifted funds.<\/p>\n<p>The bill\u2019s author, state Rep. Dodie Horton, previously sponsored Louisiana\u2019s law\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/louisianas-in-god-we-trust-law-tests-limits-of-religion-in-public-schools-210095\">mandating that \u201cIn God We Trust\u201d be posted<\/a>\u00a0in public school classrooms.<\/p>\n<p>In defending the Ten Commandments proposal, she said it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nola.com\/news\/education\/bill-requiring-ten-commandments-in-classrooms-passes-house\/article_f1ec2fac-f780-11ee-b5a4-1f8dd7051014.html\">honors the country\u2019s religious origins<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Ten Commandments are the basis of all laws in Louisiana,\u201d she\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nola.com\/news\/education\/bill-requiring-ten-commandments-in-classrooms-passes-house\/article_f1ec2fac-f780-11ee-b5a4-1f8dd7051014.html\">told fellow lawmakers<\/a>, \u201cand given all the junk our children are exposed to in classrooms today, it\u2019s imperative that we put the Ten Commandments back in a prominent position.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Justifying the bill, Horton pointed to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supremecourt\/text\/21-418\">Kennedy v. Bremerton School District<\/a>, a 2022 Supreme Court decision. Here, the justices held that educational officials\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-the-supreme-courts-football-decision-is-a-game-changer-on-school-prayer-184619\">could not prevent a football coach from praying on the field<\/a>\u00a0at the end of games, because he engaged in personal religious observance protected by the First Amendment.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe landscape has changed,\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nola.com\/news\/education\/bill-requiring-ten-commandments-in-classrooms-passes-house\/article_f1ec2fac-f780-11ee-b5a4-1f8dd7051014.html\">she said<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>New frontier<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Indeed it has.<\/p>\n<p>For decades, the Supreme Court used a set of criteria often called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/firstamendment.mtsu.edu\/article\/lemon-test\/\">the Lemon v. Kurtzman test<\/a>\u00a0to assess whether a government action violated the establishment clause. Under this test, when a government action or policy intersects with religion, it had to meet three criteria. A policy had to have a secular legislative purpose; its principal or primary effect could not advance religion; and it could not result in excessive entanglement between state and religious officials.<\/p>\n<p>Another test the Supreme Court sometimes applied, stemming from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/465\/668\/\">Lynch v. Donnelly<\/a>\u00a0in 1984, invalidated governmental actions appearing to endorse religion.<\/p>\n<p>The majority of the current court, though, abandoned both the Lemon and endorsement tests. In the majority opinion in Kennedy v. Bremerton, Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote that \u201cthe Establishment Clause must be interpreted\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supremecourt\/text\/21-418\">by \u2018reference to historical practices and understandings<\/a>.\u2019\u201d He added that the court \u201clong ago abandoned Lemon and its endorsement test offshoot.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>What that new standard means remains to be seen.<\/p>\n<p>In my view, the bill\u2019s supporters\u2019\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-us\/news\/us\/louisiana-to-become-1st-state-to-require-ten-commandments-be-displayed-in-schools-if-governor-signs-bill\/ar-BB1neMJe\">reliance on Kennedy<\/a>\u00a0is mistaken. That decision upheld voluntary, private prayer, not mandated postings of religious statements, overlooking many students\u2019 beliefs.<\/p>\n<p>More than 80 years ago, in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/319\/624\/,\">West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette<\/a>\u00a0the Supreme Court decided in a 6-3 opinion that students cannot be compelled to participate in saluting the American flag, including the words \u201cunder God\u201d in the Pledge of Allegiance, if doing so goes against their religious beliefs.<\/p>\n<p>Under Louisiana\u2019s new bill, students need not recite the Ten Commandments. Yet, given their distinctly religious message, I believe\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legis.la.gov\/legis\/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1364576\">House Bill 71<\/a>\u00a0faces a dubious future if signed into law.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Charles J. Russo is the Joseph Panzer Chair in Education and Research Professor of Law, at the University of Dayton<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Louisiana is not a stranger to controversy over religion in schools. In 2023, it joined\u00a0almost 20 states\u00a0that\u00a0require or allow\u00a0officials in public schools to post the national motto, \u201cIn God We Trust.\u201d Now, the Bayou State could become the first in the nation to require the posting of the Ten Commandments in classrooms in public schools, [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/an-american-flag-a-pencil-sharpener-%e2%88%92-and-the-10-commandments-louisianas-new-bill-to-mandate-biblical-displays-in-classrooms-is-the-latest-to-push-limits-of-religion-in-public-schoo\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[10424],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-73090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","tag-religion-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>An American flag, a pencil sharpener \u2212 and the 10 Commandments: Louisiana\u2019s new bill to mandate biblical displays in classrooms is the latest to push limits of religion in public schools - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/an-american-flag-a-pencil-sharpener-\u2212-and-the-10-commandments-louisianas-new-bill-to-mandate-biblical-displays-in-classrooms-is-the-latest-to-push-limits-of-religion-in-public-schoo\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"An American flag, a pencil sharpener \u2212 and the 10 Commandments: Louisiana\u2019s new bill to mandate biblical displays in classrooms is the latest to push limits of religion in public schools - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Louisiana is not a stranger to controversy over religion in schools. 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