{"id":72037,"date":"2024-03-12T05:01:28","date_gmt":"2024-03-12T09:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=72037"},"modified":"2024-03-12T05:01:28","modified_gmt":"2024-03-12T09:01:28","slug":"fintech-is-sold-as-the-answer-to-africas-problems-but-digital-money-services-have-downsides-which-media-often-overlook","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/fintech-is-sold-as-the-answer-to-africas-problems-but-digital-money-services-have-downsides-which-media-often-overlook\/","title":{"rendered":"Fintech is sold as the answer to Africa\u2019s problems, but digital money services have downsides which media often overlook"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

The online financial products and services known as \u201cfintech<\/a>\u201d have become deeply embedded in the economic and social life of many African countries over the past decade.<\/p>\n

Headlines across the continent often extol fintech\u2019s virtues. Technology is \u201cdriving financial inclusion<\/a>\u201d and \u201cmaking life better for people<\/a>\u201d. It\u2019s helping \u201cconsumers to manage inflation<\/a>\u201d. Fintech is \u201ctoo sweeping to ignore<\/a>\u201d. And, if it\u2019s not embraced, \u201cthe country and the entire economy will be left behind<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

These headlines depict a popular story about fintech: it is the answer to several of Africa\u2019s economic problems. This story is also appearing in policy documents in countries like Uganda. Fintech is now a\u00a0key component<\/a>\u00a0of the country\u2019s\u00a0National Financial Inclusion Strategy 2023-2028<\/a>.<\/p>\n

However, a counter-narrative is emerging. Political economists, anthropologists and social theorists warn that fintech is an example of an exploitative,\u00a0neocolonial<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0racialised<\/a>\u00a0form of platform capitalism, a system by which a fairly small number of commercial networks profit from user activities and interactions. They caution that it is inherently\u00a0anti-development<\/a>. It is, they say, likely to cause a crisis of\u00a0consumer debt<\/a>,\u00a0emotional distress<\/a>,\u00a0self-harm<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0data piracy<\/a>.<\/p>\n

We wanted to know how the press in Africa reports on fintech. Are its failings and potential pitfalls acknowledged? Is it mostly presented as a \u201cgood news\u201d story?<\/p>\n

So, in a project we began two years ago with South African political economist\u00a0Scott Timcke<\/a>, we\u00a0set out to answer these questions<\/a>. This kind of analysis helps reveal how public attitudes about this new pillar of everyday economic life are formed. It also shows whether the press is serving as the public\u2019s watchdog with regard to economic matters and corporate affairs.<\/p>\n

Our analysis, the first to look at how the fintech story is being told in the African press, reveals that the coverage is celebratory and offers limited cautionary and critical reporting to the public and to policymakers. We found that fintech is most often covered with a positive tone and as a business story.<\/p>\n

The fintech context<\/strong><\/h4>\n

International and African\u00a0media coverage of the continent<\/a>\u00a0is often accused of fuelling negative stereotypes, a trend characterised as \u201cafro-pessimism\u201d. But in the past decade, much of the media conversation has focused on business buzz and followed an \u201cafro-optimism\u201d or \u201cAfrica rising\u201d script, as the headlines above depict.<\/p>\n

The fintech ecology is shaped by dynamics from the late 2000s. These include the rapid uptake in\u00a0broadband use<\/a>\u00a0and the aftermath of the 2008 financial crash. Proponents claim that fintech will reduce poverty and motivate development (sometimes referred to as \u201cleapfrogging<\/a>\u201d or \u201cSilicon Savannah<\/a>\u201d), uplifting those unserved by formal banking. One 2016 study credited fintech with delivering a remarkable\u00a02% poverty reduction<\/a>\u00a0in Kenya.<\/p>\n

Others call for a more cautious and sceptical approach. Critics dispute claims that fintech produces significant progressive change. They also argue that fintech can be\u00a0exploitative<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0predatory<\/a>, and that it fuels inequality by further enriching the already wealthy.<\/p>\n

Our analysis<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Previous research into the roll-out of fintech in countries across the continent revealed community-level tactics. \u201cChange agents<\/a>\u201d are deployed to recruit new customers for mobile money services. \u201cBrand ambassadors<\/a>\u201d are hired to \u201csit in public transport and talk about\u201d fintech products.<\/p>\n

We wondered whether journalists were similarly talking up fintech or were warning of its risks. We analysed news coverage and looked at journalism published between 2016 and 2021 by leading newspapers in Kenya, Uganda and South Africa, as well as through the\u00a0AllAfrica<\/a>\u00a0news aggregator. We began with a set of 1,190 news pieces and analysed a sample of 368.<\/p>\n

Based on our initial examination of articles, we identified nine themes or frames that appeared frequently in news coverage of fintech.<\/p>\n

The dominant frame was one we labelled \u201cannouncement\u201d: the proclamation of a new fintech product through the media; a celebration of innovation. \u201cGender inclusivity\u201d was the least common frame. This is the kind of reporting that focuses on a commonly shared\u00a0rationale<\/a>\u00a0for fintech: that it particularly benefits women and gives them new opportunities for equality and participation.<\/p>\n

We paid particular attention to the frame we called \u201ctrepidation\u201d. We were surprised that 61% of news stories within that frame had a positive overall tone, despite the frame implying potential danger. This trepidation often appeared as the backdrop for a news item rather than as the main story.<\/p>\n

These kinds of stories, we reason, allow government officials to advise the public on safe financial conduct and fintech companies to promote the benefits of their \u201csafe\u201d products. The advice includes guidance on how individuals can enhance their awareness of potential risks, such as fraud, and act with caution. This consumer education approach is typical of\u00a0anti-fraud measures<\/a>\u00a0across sectors.<\/p>\n

Most stories about the hazards of fintech conclude that it is nonetheless a beneficial force and that any \u201chiccups\u201d are minor. These can be soothed through state action (such as regulation) or individual responsibility (such as consumer education). Overall, this reinforces a narrative that it is safe and logical to embed fintech in society: it is \u201csanitised\u201d through this style of news coverage.<\/p>\n

Overall we concluded that the journalism in the African press we examined was largely sanitised. The tone, content and sourcing of reporting, even in the context of well-founded fears about fintech, point to an uncritical promotion of fintech products, firms and the entire industry.<\/p>\n

More critical journalism needed<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The breadth of fintech\u2019s expansion across Africa and extent of potential harm it carries \u2013 even if its critics are only minimally correct \u2013 indicates a pressing need for further analysis of what story is being told. News audiences, politicians and civil society need to demand a more critical journalism.<\/p>\n

Author Bios:<\/strong> Cathleen LeGrand is a Postgraduate Researcher, Chris Paterson is Professor of Global Communication and J\u00f6rg Wiegratz is a Lecturer in Political Economy of Global Development al at the University of Leeds<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The online financial products and services known as \u201cfintech\u201d have become deeply embedded in the economic and social life of many African countries over the past decade. Headlines across the continent often extol fintech\u2019s virtues. Technology is \u201cdriving financial inclusion\u201d and \u201cmaking life better for people\u201d. It\u2019s helping \u201cconsumers to manage inflation\u201d. Fintech is \u201ctoo […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[434869],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-72037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business-politics","tag-fintech"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFintech is sold as the answer to Africa\u2019s problems, but digital money services have downsides which media often overlook - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/fintech-is-sold-as-the-answer-to-africas-problems-but-digital-money-services-have-downsides-which-media-often-overlook\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fintech is sold as the answer to Africa\u2019s problems, but digital money services have downsides which media often overlook - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The online financial products and services known as \u201cfintech\u201d have become deeply embedded in the economic and social life of many African countries over the past decade. Headlines across the continent often extol fintech\u2019s virtues. Technology is \u201cdriving financial inclusion\u201d and \u201cmaking life better for people\u201d. It\u2019s helping \u201cconsumers to manage inflation\u201d. 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