{"id":71971,"date":"2024-03-07T00:11:46","date_gmt":"2024-03-07T05:11:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=71971"},"modified":"2024-03-07T00:11:46","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T05:11:46","slug":"emotion-tracking-ai-on-the-job-workers-fear-being-watched-and-misunderstood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/emotion-tracking-ai-on-the-job-workers-fear-being-watched-and-misunderstood\/","title":{"rendered":"Emotion-tracking AI on the job: Workers fear being watched \u2013 and misunderstood"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/uk.sagepub.com\/en-gb\/eur\/emotional-ai\/book251642\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71972\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/emotiontrackingAI.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"453\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/emotiontrackingAI.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/emotiontrackingAI-250x167.jpeg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/uk.sagepub.com\/en-gb\/eur\/emotional-ai\/book251642\">Emotion artificial intelligence<\/a>\u00a0uses\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uk.sagepub.com\/en-gb\/eur\/emotional-ai\/book251642\">biological signals<\/a>\u00a0such as vocal tone, facial expressions and data from wearable devices as well as text and how people use their computers, promising to detect and predict how someone is feeling. It is used in contexts both mundane, like entertainment, and high stakes, like the workplace, hiring and health care.<\/p>\n<p>A wide range of industries\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/il\/news-releases\/nemesysco-reports-increased-interest-for-its-voice-analytics-technology-for-remote-employee-wellness-monitoring-301036444.html\">already use emotion AI<\/a>, including call centers, finance, banking, nursing and caregiving.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gartner.com\/smarterwithgartner\/the-future-of-employee-monitoring\">Over 50% of large employers in the U.S. use emotion AI<\/a>\u00a0aiming to infer employees\u2019 internal states, a practice that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mordorintelligence.com\/industry-reports\/emotion-detection-and-recognition-edr-market\">grew during the COVID-19 pandemic<\/a>. For example, call centers monitor what their operators say and their tone of voice.<\/p>\n<p>Scholars have raised concerns about\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1529100619832930\">emotion AI\u2019s scientific validity<\/a>\u00a0and its\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3442188.3445939\">reliance on contested theories about emotion<\/a>. They have also highlighted emotion AI\u2019s potential for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/book\/9780300264630\/atlas-of-ai\/\">invading privacy<\/a>\u00a0and exhibiting\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/emotion-reading-tech-fails-the-racial-bias-test-108404\">racial<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2103.11436\">gender<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448221109550\">disability<\/a>\u00a0bias.<\/p>\n<p>Some employers use the technology\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3579543\">as though it were flawless<\/a>, while some scholars seek to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ARSO.2017.8025197\">reduce its bias and improve its validity<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3927300\">discredit it altogether<\/a>\u00a0or suggest\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biometricupdate.com\/201912\/ai-now-calls-for-ban-on-affect-recognition-as-market-expected-to-surge-to-90b-by-2024\">banning emotion AI<\/a>, at least until more is known about its implications.<\/p>\n<p>I study the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&amp;user=ju-VqbUAAAAJ\">social implications of technology<\/a>. I believe that it is crucial to examine emotion AI\u2019s implications for people subjected to it, such as workers \u2013 especially those marginalized by their race, gender or disability status.<br \/>\n<center><iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sXvYC9_ktVw\" title=\"Can AI Detect Your Emotions?\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Workers\u2019 concerns<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>To understand where emotion AI use in the workplace is going, my colleague\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/scientific-contributions\/Karen-L-Boyd-2198141312\">Karen Boyd<\/a>\u00a0and I set out to examine\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3579528\">inventors\u2019 conceptions<\/a>\u00a0of emotion AI in the workplace. We analyzed patent applications that proposed emotion AI technologies for the workplace. Purported benefits claimed by patent applicants included assessing and supporting employee well-being, ensuring workplace safety, increasing productivity and aiding in decision-making, such as making promotions, firing employees and assigning tasks.<\/p>\n<p>We wondered what workers think about these technologies. Would they also perceive these benefits? For example, would workers find it beneficial for employers to provide well-being support to them?<\/p>\n<p>My collaborators\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&amp;user=8XW-v0AAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=pubdate\">Shanley Corvite<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&amp;user=B28WGTsAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=pubdate\">Kat Roemmich<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/scientific-contributions\/Tillie-Ilana-Rosenberg-2249183666\">Tillie Ilana Rosenberg<\/a>\u00a0and I conducted a survey partly representative of the U.S. population and partly oversampled for people of color, trans and nonbinary people and people living with mental illness. These groups may be more likely to experience harm from emotion AI. Our study had 289 participants from the representative sample and 106 participants from the oversample. We found that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3579600\">32% of respondents reported experiencing or expecting no benefit to them<\/a>\u00a0from emotion AI use, whether current or anticipated, in their workplace.<\/p>\n<p>While some workers noted potential benefits of emotion AI use in the workplace like increased well-being support and workplace safety, mirroring benefits claimed in patent applications, all also expressed concerns. They were concerned about harm to their well-being and privacy, harm to their work performance and employment status, and bias and mental health stigma against them.<\/p>\n<p>For example, 51% of participants expressed concerns about privacy, 36% noted the potential for incorrect inferences employers would accept at face value, and 33% expressed concern that emotion AI-generated inferences could be used to make unjust employment decisions.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Participants\u2019 voices<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>One participant who had multiple health conditions said: \u201cThe awareness that I am being analyzed would ironically have a negative effect on my mental health.\u201d This means that despite emotion AI\u2019s claimed goals to infer and improve workers\u2019 well-being in the workplace, its use can lead to the opposite effect: well-being diminished due to a loss of privacy. Indeed, other work by my colleagues Roemmich,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&amp;user=zg29qGEAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=pubdate\">Florian Schaub<\/a>\u00a0and I suggests that emotion AI-induced privacy loss can span a range of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3782222\">privacy harms<\/a>, including\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3544548.3580950\">psychological, autonomy, economic, relationship, physical and discrimination<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>On concerns that emotional surveillance could jeopardize their job, a participant with a diagnosed mental health condition said: \u201cThey could decide that I am no longer a good fit at work and fire me. Decide I\u2019m not capable enough and not give a raise, or think I\u2019m not working enough.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Participants in the study also mentioned the potential for exacerbated power imbalances and said they were afraid of the dynamic they would have with employers if emotion AI were integrated into their workplace, pointing to how emotion AI use could potentially intensify already existing tensions in the employer-worker relationship. For instance, a respondent said: \u201cThe amount of control that employers already have over employees suggests there would be few checks on how this information would be used. Any \u2018consent\u2019 [by] employees is largely illusory in this context.\u201d<br \/>\n<center><iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mzLrtld_oek\" title=\"Are You Being Tracked? How Companies Are Monitoring Productivity\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Lastly, participants noted potential harms, such as emotion AI\u2019s technical inaccuracies potentially creating false impressions about workers, and emotion AI creating and perpetuating bias and stigma against workers. In describing these concerns, participants highlighted their fear of employers relying on inaccurate and biased emotion AI systems, particularly against people of color, women and trans individuals.<\/p>\n<p>For example, one participant said: \u201cWho is deciding what expressions \u2018look violent,\u2019 and how can one determine people as a threat just from the look on their face? A system can read faces, sure, but not minds. I just cannot see how this could actually be anything but destructive to minorities in the workplace.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Participants noted that they would either refuse to work at a place that uses emotion AI \u2013 an option not available to many \u2013 or engage in behaviors to make emotion AI read them favorably to protect their privacy. One participant said: \u201cI would exert a massive amount of energy masking even when alone in my office, which would make me very distracted and unproductive,\u201d pointing to how emotion AI use would impose additional emotional labor on workers.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Worth the harm?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>These findings indicate that emotion AI exacerbates existing challenges experienced by workers in the workplace, despite proponents claiming emotion AI helps solve these problems.<\/p>\n<p>If emotion AI does work as claimed and measures what it claims to measure, and even if issues with bias are addressed in the future, there are still harms experienced by workers, such as the additional emotional labor and loss of privacy.<\/p>\n<p>If these technologies do not measure what they claim or they are biased, then people are at the mercy of algorithms deemed to be valid and reliable when they are not. Workers would still need to expend the effort to try to reduce the chances of being misread by the algorithm, or to engage in emotional displays that would read favorably to the algorithm.<\/p>\n<p>Either way, these systems function as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/us\/dictionary\/english\/panopticon\">panopticon<\/a>-like technologies, creating privacy harms and feelings of being watched.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Nazanin Andalibi is Assistant Professor of Information at the University of Michigan<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Emotion artificial intelligence\u00a0uses\u00a0biological signals\u00a0such as vocal tone, facial expressions and data from wearable devices as well as text and how people use their computers, promising to detect and predict how someone is feeling. It is used in contexts both mundane, like entertainment, and high stakes, like the workplace, hiring and health care. A wide range [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/emotion-tracking-ai-on-the-job-workers-fear-being-watched-and-misunderstood\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[434804],"tags":[434860],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-71971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","tag-emotion-tracking"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Emotion-tracking AI on the job: Workers fear being watched \u2013 and misunderstood - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/emotion-tracking-ai-on-the-job-workers-fear-being-watched-and-misunderstood\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emotion-tracking AI on the job: Workers fear being watched \u2013 and misunderstood - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emotion artificial intelligence\u00a0uses\u00a0biological signals\u00a0such as vocal tone, facial expressions and data from wearable devices as well as text and how people use their computers, promising to detect and predict how someone is feeling. 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