{"id":71840,"date":"2024-02-27T00:10:26","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T05:10:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=71840"},"modified":"2024-02-27T00:10:26","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T05:10:26","slug":"south-africas-apartheid-legacy-is-still-hobbling-research-a-study-of-geography-shows-how","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/south-africas-apartheid-legacy-is-still-hobbling-research-a-study-of-geography-shows-how\/","title":{"rendered":"South Africa\u2019s apartheid legacy is still hobbling research \u2013 a study of geography shows how"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Knowledge matters. It informs how we think about the world around us. It informs our decisions and government policies, supporting economic growth and development.<\/p>\n

Knowledge is also power. Certain types of knowledge\u00a0are given more value than others<\/a>. This is driven by histories of privilege. In South Africa, apartheid looms large\u00a0in debates<\/a>\u00a0about how knowledge is produced. Though it formally ended 30 years ago, it still influences whose knowledge is considered \u201cright\u201d and whose is sidelined.<\/p>\n

And this matters in everyday lives. For instance, health and medical research and instruction used to focus on white and male bodies. This has\u00a0directly affected<\/a>\u00a0the provision and quality of healthcare.<\/p>\n

Crucially, control over the production of knowledge provides political, economic and social power. This has real effects on education, healthcare, social policy and service delivery.<\/p>\n

In a recent research paper we\u00a0studied<\/a>\u00a0how apartheid legacies continue to affect the work of universities in South Africa. In particular we looked at the outputs of the discipline of\u00a0human geography<\/a>, which is our specialisation. It\u2019s the study of how space and time influence economic, social, political and cultural actions.<\/p>\n

We found that universities that were historically more advantaged \u2013 that is, they served mostly white students \u2013 continue to outpace the country\u2019s other institutions in terms of research output. This was true for quantity and quality of publication outputs in journal articles and academic books and chapters.<\/p>\n

Our findings show that apartheid\u2019s legacy continues to affect academic output. This suggests that not enough has been done to address inequalities around funding, networking and opportunities for international collaboration. It means that South Africa\u2019s academic landscape continues to reflect the views of a privileged few.<\/p>\n

We examined what drove these disparities, and identified strategies to begin shifting the dial.<\/p>\n

Historical background<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The history of South African human geography as a discipline is inextricably linked with colonialism. It was heavily influenced by conservative religious ideas and\u00a0notions of racial superiority<\/a>. And\u00a0during the apartheid era<\/a>\u00a0topics were deliberately studied with a notional \u201cnon-political\u201d focus, or research was used to support apartheid legislation.<\/p>\n

In the 1970s some research began to emerge about how apartheid policies affected Black communities. This was a first. Research had largely\u00a0toed the apartheid government\u2019s line<\/a>\u00a0and not focused on the deleterious effects of segregation and oppression.<\/p>\n

But, overall, universities either served white or \u201cnon-white\u201d students. White universities were well-resourced while others were not.<\/p>\n

After 1994, South Africa\u2019s human geographers turned to policy-relevant work as the country embarked on building a democracy. They began to support post-apartheid priorities related to the economy,\u00a0small business<\/a>\u00a0and spatial development.<\/p>\n

The same dominant hierarchies<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The transition from apartheid led to the opening of South African universities. The racial make-up of institutions began to change. And South African academics began re-engaging with global academia after isolationist apartheid policies were lifted and international boycotts ended.<\/p>\n

However, clear resourcing differences and hierarchies remain between\u00a0(historically) advantaged and disadvantaged institutions<\/a>. Consequently, the discipline remains dominated by a handful of departments. Their dominance is maintained by income generation (student fees, publication income, grants), networks \u2013 and prestige.<\/p>\n

Our research shows that academics from historically disadvantaged institutions feel removed from these global and national networks.<\/p>\n

We found a significant concentration of research outputs among a few (historically) advantaged institutions. This allows them to generate research income and mobilise international collaborations to fund larger projects. That allows academics to take on lighter teaching loads. And that gives them more time to conduct and publish research.<\/p>\n

International collaborators are drawn by these institutions\u2019 reputations, histories and resources. It\u2019s easier for academics to visit international universities and participate in international funding applications. Such institutions are also able to support young human geography academics and encourage greater publication outputs in ways that under-resourced and small departments struggle to match.<\/p>\n

Human geographers at historically advantaged universities have mobilised international networks to appoint overseas academics to honorary positions. These moves boost the institutions\u2019 publication outputs \u2013 and their income from\u00a0government subsidies and incentives<\/a>.<\/p>\n

As one interviewee described it, the cycle of opportunity and prestige for historically advantaged institutions leaves<\/p>\n

historically Black institutions always on the back foot \u2026 the playing ground is not levelled.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The way forward<\/strong><\/h4>\n

These challenges could be addressed in several ways. One approach might be for more resourced universities to support historically disadvantaged institutions in developing contacts, networks and strategic policies to attract and appoint visiting research fellows. This would open up opportunities for funding. That, ultimately, will lead to more research and knowledge being produced.<\/p>\n

Many of our interviewees said that more collaboration was needed between historically advantaged and historically disadvantaged institutions. This should be encouraged. Human geographers from historically disadvantaged universities must be consulted about what kinds of support they need, rather than ideas being imposed by those from well-resourced institutions.<\/p>\n

Other priorities could include stronger mentoring for early- and mid-career staff. Training is crucial, too, to develop skills in journal and grant writing. Even something as simple as institutions updating online staff profiles would be valuable. This helps to promote individuals\u2019 research interests. It also supports network building and collaborations.<\/p>\n

Perhaps, most of all, there\u2019s a need \u2013 as one interviewee told us \u2013 to push for difficult conversations about inequalities and shortcomings to \u201cshed light on what is missing\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ultimately, commitment is required to realise a more ethical South African human geography. The government, universities, and individual academics all have a role to play in fostering inclusion and collaboration that work beyond historical inequalities. This will help to make the sub-discipline more robust and cutting edge. And that\u2019s ultimately beneficial to academics, students and the country at large.<\/p>\n

Author Bios:<\/strong> Gijsbert Hoogendoorn is Professor in Tourism Geography at the University of Johannesburg, Daniel Hammett is a Lecturer in Development and Political Geography at the University of Sheffield and Mukovhe Masutha is a Senior Research Fellow also at the University of Johannesburg<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Knowledge matters. It informs how we think about the world around us. It informs our decisions and government policies, supporting economic growth and development. Knowledge is also power. Certain types of knowledge\u00a0are given more value than others. This is driven by histories of privilege. In South Africa, apartheid looms large\u00a0in debates\u00a0about how knowledge is produced. […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86115],"tags":[10792],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-71840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research","tag-apartheid"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Africa\u2019s apartheid legacy is still hobbling research \u2013 a study of geography shows how - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/south-africas-apartheid-legacy-is-still-hobbling-research-a-study-of-geography-shows-how\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Africa\u2019s apartheid legacy is still hobbling research \u2013 a study of geography shows how - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Knowledge matters. It informs how we think about the world around us. It informs our decisions and government policies, supporting economic growth and development. Knowledge is also power. Certain types of knowledge\u00a0are given more value than others. This is driven by histories of privilege. In South Africa, apartheid looms large\u00a0in debates\u00a0about how knowledge is produced. 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