{"id":71502,"date":"2024-01-28T15:01:12","date_gmt":"2024-01-28T20:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=71502"},"modified":"2024-01-31T22:24:40","modified_gmt":"2024-02-01T03:24:40","slug":"deepfakes-how-to-empower-youth-to-fight-the-threat-of-misinformation-and-disinformation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/deepfakes-how-to-empower-youth-to-fight-the-threat-of-misinformation-and-disinformation\/","title":{"rendered":"Deepfakes: How to empower youth to fight the threat of misinformation and disinformation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71504\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/deepfakes.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/deepfakes.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/deepfakes-250x142.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/WEF_The_Global_Risks_Report_2024.pdf\">World Economic Forum\u2019s Global Risks Report 2024<\/a>\u00a0has issued a stark warning: misinformation and disinformation, primarily driven by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/deepfake\">deepfakes<\/a>, are ranked as the most severe global short-term risks the world faces in the next two years.<\/p>\n<p>In October 2023, the Innovation council of Qu\u00e9bec\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/conseilinnovation.quebec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/CIQ_Impacts_societe_IA_EDS-1.pdf\">shared the same realization<\/a>\u00a0after months of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/conseilinnovation.quebec\/intelligence-artificielle\/publications-de-la-reflexion-collective\/\">consultations<\/a>\u00a0with experts and the public.<\/p>\n<p>This\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2208.10913.pdf\">digital deception<\/a>, which leverages artificial intelligence and, more recently generative AI, to create hyper-realistic fabrications, extends beyond being a technological marvel; it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/security-intelligence-service\/corporate\/publications\/the-evolution-of-disinformation-a-deepfake-future\/democracys-new-challenge-navigating-the-era-of-generative-ai.html\">poses a profound societal threat<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In response to the gap in effectively combating deepfakes with technology and legislation alone, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pedagogienumerique.chaire.ulaval.ca\/en\/projets\/lagentivite-numerique-pour-contrecarrer-la-desinformation-exploration-du-cas-des-hypertrucages\/\">research project<\/a>\u00a0led by my team and I sheds light on a vital solution: human intervention through education.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Technological solutions alone are inadequate<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Despite ongoing development of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23742917.2023.2192888\">deepfake detection tools<\/a>, these\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10489-022-03766-z\">technological solutions<\/a>\u00a0are racing to catch up with the rapidly advancing capabilities of deepfake algorithms.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.uclawsf.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2150&amp;context=hastings_constitutional_law_quaterly\">Legal systems<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/security-intelligence-service\/corporate\/publications\/the-evolution-of-disinformation-a-deepfake-future\/deepfakes-a-real-threat-to-a-canadian-future.html\">governments<\/a>\u00a0are struggling to keep pace with this swift advancement of digital deception.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71506\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Farid-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"748\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Farid-1.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Farid-1-227x250.jpg 227w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>There is an urgent need for education to adopt a more serious, aggressive and strategic approach in equipping youth to combat this imminent threat.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Political disinformation concerns<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/WEF_The_Global_Risks_Report_2024.pdf\">potential for political polarization is particularly alarming<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Nearly three billion people are expected to vote in countries including Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, the United Kingdom and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/montrealgazette.com\/news\/world\/as-social-media-guardrails-fade-and-ai-deepfakes-go-mainstream-experts-warn-of-impact-on-elections\">the United States<\/a>\u00a0within the next two years.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/ai-deepfake-election-canada-1.7084398\">Disinformation campaigns<\/a>\u00a0threaten to undermine the legitimacy of newly elected governments.<\/p>\n<p>Deepfakes of prominent figures like Palestinian American supermodel\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/pro-israel-activists-deep-fake-bella-hadid-palestine-video\">Bella Hadid<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fact-check\/video-of-jordans-queen-rania-supporting-israel-is-a-deepfake-23493\">others<\/a>\u00a0have been manipulated to falsify their political statements, exemplifying the technology\u2019s capacity to sway public opinion and skew political narratives.<\/p>\n<p>A deepfake of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/fact-check\/greta-thunberg-vegan-grenades-tv-interview-is-deepfake-2023-10-30\/#\">Greta Thunberg<\/a>\u00a0advocating for \u201cvegan grenades\u201d highlights the nefarious use of this technology.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/technology\/20230930-counterfeit-people-the-dangers-posed-by-meta-s-ai-celebrity-lookalike-chatbots\">Meta\u2019s unveiling of an AI assistant featuring celebrities\u2019 likenesses<\/a>\u00a0raises concerns about misuse and spreading disinformation.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Financial fraud, pornographic harms<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ca.investing.com\/news\/stock-market-news\/ripple-ceo-warns-of-deepfake-scams-93CH-3178269\">Deepfake videos<\/a>\u00a0are also, unsurprisingly,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/08\/30\/business\/voice-deepfakes-bank-scams.html\">being leveraged<\/a>\u00a0to commit\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lapresse.ca\/actualites\/2024-01-22\/hypertrucage-audio\/berne-par-la-fausse-voix-de-son-fils.php?fbclid=IwAR3J0MTmXOhx8tAus2Z_4_F72Xh_6WC65bg01FzwYK9i40BMfyYjM5IDcC4\">financial fraud<\/a>.<br \/>\n<center><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">There\u2019s been an uptick in deepfake scam videos (ex below) overlaying new words with old video footage from Ripple\u2019s events (<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/YouTube?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@YouTube<\/a> are you asleep at the wheel again?!). Reminder: don&#39;t trust, verify (all approved messaging will only come from official Ripple accounts). <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/e30ZhOk6DW\">pic.twitter.com\/e30ZhOk6DW<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Brad Garlinghouse (@bgarlinghouse) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/bgarlinghouse\/status\/1724139272884883936?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 13, 2023<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/center><\/p>\n<p>The popular YouTuber\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-66993651\">MrBeast was impersonated in a deepfake scam on TikTok<\/a>, falsely promising an iPhone 15 giveaway that led to financial deceit.<\/p>\n<p>These incidents highlight vulnerability to sophisticated\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/taylor-swift-deepfake-used-for-le-creuset-giveaway-scam-123231417.html\">AI-driven frauds and scams<\/a>\u00a0targeting people of all ages.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/deepfake-porn-is-out-of-control\/\">Deepfake pornography<\/a>\u00a0represents a grave concern for young people and adults alike, where individuals\u2019 faces are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dexerto.com\/entertainment\/tiktok-model-mortified-by-ai-deepfake-video-showing-her-getting-dressed-2392928\">non-consensually superimposed onto explicit content<\/a>. Sexually explicit deepfake images of Taylor Swift\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2024\/01\/26\/ai-deepfakes-taylor-swift-nude\/\">spread on social media before platforms took them down<\/a>. One was viewed over 45 million times.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Policy and technology approaches<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-67366311\">Meta\u2019s policy<\/a>\u00a0now mandates political advertisers to disclose any AI manipulation in ads, a move mirrored by Google.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/audio-deepfake-detective-developing-new-sleuthing-techniques-573482\/\">Neil Zhang<\/a>, a PhD student at the University of Rochester, is developing detection tools for audio deepfakes, including advanced algorithms and watermarking techniques.<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. has introduced several acts: the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/clarke.house.gov\/clarke-leads-legislation-to-regulate-deepfakes\/\">Deepfakes Accountability Act of 2023<\/a>, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dean.house.gov\/2024\/1\/representatives-dean-and-salazar-introduce-bipartisan-legislation-to-protect-americans-images-online\">No AI FRAUD Act<\/a>\u00a0safeguarding identities against AI misuse and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/US\/2023\/05\/05\/representative-joe-morelle-legislation-bans-deepfakes\/7981683327579\/\">Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act<\/a>\u00a0targeting non-consensual pornographic deepfakes.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/campaign\/online-disinformation.html\">In Canada<\/a>, legislators\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.parl.ca\/legisinfo\/en\/bill\/44-1\/c-27\">have proposed<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ised-isde.canada.ca\/site\/innovation-better-canada\/en\/canadas-digital-charter\/bill-summary-digital-charter-implementation-act-2020\">Bill C-27<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ised-isde.canada.ca\/site\/innovation-better-canada\/en\/artificial-intelligence-and-data-act-aida-companion-document\">Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA)<\/a>\u00a0which emphasize AI transparency and data privacy.<br \/>\n<center><iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Q5V0yap77yg\" title=\"Disinformation can cause harm\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/news\/2442119\/uk-adopts-law-forcing-big-tech-to-rein-in-child-pornography-and-deepfakes\/\">United Kingdom adopted its Online Safety Bill<\/a>. The EU recently announced a provisional deal surrounding\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/12\/11\/1084942\/five-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-eus-new-ai-act\/\">its AI Act<\/a>; the EU\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/BRIE\/2023\/739342\/EPRS_BRI(2023)739342_EN.pdf\">AI Liability Directive<\/a>\u00a0addresses broader online safety and AI regulation issues.<\/p>\n<p>The Indian government announced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalheraldindia.com\/science-tech\/india-sixth-most-susceptible-country-to-deepfakes-can-laws-tackle-the-menace\">plans to draft regulations<\/a>\u00a0targeting deepfakes.<\/p>\n<p>These measures reflect growing global commitments to curbing the pernicious effects of deepfakes. However, these efforts are insufficient to contain, let alone stop, the proliferation of deepfake dissemination.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Research study with youth<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10720537.2023.2294314\">Research I have conducted with colleagues<\/a>, funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and Canadian Heritage, unveils how empowering youth with digital agency can be a force against the rising tide of disinformation fueled by deepfake and artificial intelligence technologies.<\/p>\n<p>Our study focused on how youth perceive the impact of deepfakes on critical issues and their own process of constructing knowledge in digital contexts. We explored their capacity and willingness to effectively counterbalance disinformation.<br \/>\n<center><iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZFcBZVUwm38\" title=\"Construing the Other in a deepfake and infodemic era: A discussion with youth\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>The study brought together Canadian university students, aged 18 to 24, for a series of hands-on workshops, in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions.<\/p>\n<p>Participants created deepfakes, gaining a firsthand understanding of easy access to and use of this technology and its potential for misuse. This experiential learning proved invaluable in demystifying how easily deepfakes are generated.<\/p>\n<p>Participants initially perceived deepfakes as an uncontrollable and inevitable part of the digital landscape.<\/p>\n<p>Through engagement and discussion, they went from being passive deepfake bystanders to developing a deeper realization of their grave threat. Critically, they also developed a sense of responsibility in preventing and mitigating deepfakes\u2019 spread, and a readiness to counter deepfakes.<\/p>\n<p>Students shared recommendations for concrete actions, including urging educational systems to empower youth and help them recognize their actions can make a difference. This includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>teaching the detrimental effects of disinformation on society;<\/li>\n<li>providing spaces for youth to reflect on and challenge societal norms, inform them about social media policies and outlining permissible and prohibited content;<\/li>\n<li>training students in recognizing deepfakes through exposure to the technology behind them;<\/li>\n<li>encouraging involvement in meaningful causes while staying alert to disinformation and guiding youth in respectfully and productively countering disinformation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Multifaceted strategy needed<\/h4>\n<p>Based on our research and the participants\u2019 recommendations, we propose a multifaceted strategy to counter the proliferation of deepfakes.<\/p>\n<p>Deepfake education needs to be integrated into educational curricula, along with nurturing critical thinking and digital agency in our youth. Youth need to be encouraged in active, yet safe, well-informed and strategic, participation in the fight against malicious deepfakes in digital spaces.<\/p>\n<p>We emphasize the importance of hands-on collaborative learning experiences. We also advocate for an interdisciplinary educational approach that marries technology, psychology, media studies and ethics to fully grasp the implications of deepfakes.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The human element<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Our research underscores a crucial realization: The human element, particularly the role of education, is indispensable in the fight against deepfakes. We cannot rely solely on technology and legal fixes.<\/p>\n<p>By equipping younger generations, but also every single member of our society, with the skills to critically analyze and challenge disinformation, we are nurturing a digitally literate society resilient enough to withstand the manipulative power of deepfakes.<\/p>\n<p>To do so, we must equip people to understand they have roles and agency in safeguarding the integrity of our digital world.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Nadia Naffi is an Assistant Professor, Educational Technology, Chair in Educational Leadership in the Innovative Pedagogical Practices in Digital Contexts &#8211; National Bank at the Universit\u00e9 Laval<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The\u00a0World Economic Forum\u2019s Global Risks Report 2024\u00a0has issued a stark warning: misinformation and disinformation, primarily driven by\u00a0deepfakes, are ranked as the most severe global short-term risks the world faces in the next two years. In October 2023, the Innovation council of Qu\u00e9bec\u00a0shared the same realization\u00a0after months of\u00a0consultations\u00a0with experts and the public. This\u00a0digital deception, which leverages [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/deepfakes-how-to-empower-youth-to-fight-the-threat-of-misinformation-and-disinformation\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[434804],"tags":[434642],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-71502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","tag-deepfakes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Deepfakes: How to empower youth to fight the threat of misinformation and disinformation - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/deepfakes-how-to-empower-youth-to-fight-the-threat-of-misinformation-and-disinformation\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Deepfakes: How to empower youth to fight the threat of misinformation and disinformation - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The\u00a0World Economic Forum\u2019s Global Risks Report 2024\u00a0has issued a stark warning: misinformation and disinformation, primarily driven by\u00a0deepfakes, are ranked as the most severe global short-term risks the world faces in the next two years. In October 2023, the Innovation council of Qu\u00e9bec\u00a0shared the same realization\u00a0after months of\u00a0consultations\u00a0with experts and the public. This\u00a0digital deception, which leverages [&hellip;]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/deepfakes-how-to-empower-youth-to-fight-the-threat-of-misinformation-and-disinformation\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-28T20:01:12+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-01T03:24:40+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/deepfakes.jpg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/deepfakes-how-to-empower-youth-to-fight-the-threat-of-misinformation-and-disinformation\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/deepfakes-how-to-empower-youth-to-fight-the-threat-of-misinformation-and-disinformation\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"Deepfakes: How to empower youth to fight the threat of misinformation and disinformation\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-28T20:01:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-01T03:24:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/deepfakes-how-to-empower-youth-to-fight-the-threat-of-misinformation-and-disinformation\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1134,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/deepfakes-how-to-empower-youth-to-fight-the-threat-of-misinformation-and-disinformation\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/deepfakes.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"deepfakes\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Artificial Intelligence\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/deepfakes-how-to-empower-youth-to-fight-the-threat-of-misinformation-and-disinformation\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/deepfakes-how-to-empower-youth-to-fight-the-threat-of-misinformation-and-disinformation\\\/\",\"name\":\"Deepfakes: How to empower youth to fight the threat of misinformation and disinformation - 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