{"id":71454,"date":"2024-01-24T01:05:09","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T06:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=71454"},"modified":"2024-01-24T01:05:09","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T06:05:09","slug":"simulations-with-actors-prepare-journalism-students-to-interview-trauma-survivors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/simulations-with-actors-prepare-journalism-students-to-interview-trauma-survivors\/","title":{"rendered":"Simulations with actors prepare journalism students to interview trauma survivors"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71455\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/vml_0719.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"453\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/vml_0719.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/vml_0719-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><br \/>\nIt\u2019s a phone call most journalists dread to make.<\/p>\n<p>A woman in her 20s has died after she was struck by a car while riding her bicycle.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat is your favourite memory of Eleanor?\u201d a journalist asks the woman\u2019s father in an interview.<\/p>\n<p>The man\u2019s voice quivers. \u201cI don\u2019t have a favourite,\u201d he says. \u201cEvery one of the moments I spent with Eleanor was my favourite. It\u2019s hard for me to imagine that I\u2019m not going to ever feel that again.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While this exchange modelled the kind of real situation that unfolds in news reporting, it was a simulation exercise. I\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/factsandfrictions.ca\/portfolio-item\/forced-change-simulated-solutions\">designed it to help journalism students develop and practice trauma-aware interview skills<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Front lines of conflict<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Journalists often find themselves on the front lines of conflicts, natural disasters, accidents, acts of violence and other human catastrophes.<\/p>\n<p>Many journalists are assigned to cover such stories without the benefit of training on how to approach these situations \u2014 and the people caught up in them \u2014 ethically and sensitively. They also typically lack training or support on how to take care of their own mental health and well-being.<\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalismforum.ca\/taking-care-report\">2022, I co-authored a study with colleagues Dave Seglins, Tracey Lindeman and Cassandra Yanez-Leyton in partnership with the Canadian Journalism Forum on Violence and Trauma<\/a>. Our study,\u00a0<em>Taking Care: A Report on Mental Health, Well-Being &amp; Trauma Among Canadian Media Workers<\/em>, found the vast majority of journalists working in Canada today receive no formal trauma training in journalism school.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">A study released Wednesday by two veteran journalists through the Canadian Journalism Forum on Violence and Trauma, titled \u201cTaking Care,\u201d found a majority of media workers in Canada have sought medical help to deal with symptoms of stress and trauma. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/78dBK3Elbo\">https:\/\/t.co\/78dBK3Elbo<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Toronto Star (@TorontoStar) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/TorontoStar\/status\/1529546342380494853?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 25, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Most don\u2019t receive training in the newsroom either. Instead, they cobble together skills by talking to others or figuring out an approach on their own, often without knowing what is considered best practice.<\/p>\n<p>Trying to solve part of this problem was a motivating factor in the creation of a specialized\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/mpearson78\/status\/1747356278563705222\">speaker series<\/a>\u00a0and course on trauma-informed reporting.<\/p>\n<p>For the course, I developed an interview simulation exercise that saw journalism students interview professional actors who portrayed people who have experienced a traumatic event.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Trauma-informed reporting<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Research about ethical reporting on victims of violence and trauma dates back to the 1990s, and coalesced with the creation of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dartcenter.org\/\">Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma<\/a>\u00a0at Columbia University\u2019s journalism school. In the decades since, researchers around the world have conducted numerous\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dartcenter.org\/research\">peer-reviewed studies<\/a>\u00a0on newsrooms and traumatic stress.<\/p>\n<p>A focus on reducing harm to trauma survivors acknowledges the potential adverse effects of news coverage on individual sources and their communities.<\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/decolonizing-journalism-9780190164263?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;\"><em>Decolonizing Journalism: A Guide to Reporting in Indigenous Communities<\/em><\/a>, Anishinaabe journalist and professor\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/sjc\/profile\/mccue-duncan\/\">Duncan McCue<\/a>\u00a0dedicates an entire chapter to trauma-informed reporting. The book offers interviews with Indigenous journalists and advice to help journalists proceed down a less harmful path in their interactions with and reporting assignments on Indigenous people.<\/p>\n<p>Reducing harm is also a central premise in the work of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pickupcommunications.com\/about\">journalist and trauma researcher<\/a>\u00a0Tamara Cherry, whose book\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ecwpress.com\/products\/the-trauma-beat\"><em>The Trauma Beat: A Case for Re-thinking the Business of Bad News<\/em><\/a>\u00a0examines the impact of the media\u2019s glare on trauma survivors.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Learning to cover trauma<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>When it comes to reporting on traumatic events or interviewing survivors, while there is no way to prevent adverse effects,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09502380903215275\">training can help minimize them<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The question I often pose to students or during training sessions with newsrooms is not: Do we or don\u2019t we cover it? The question is: How do we cover it?<\/p>\n<p>Simulation-based learning is common in the field of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/simulations-with-actors-prepare-nurses-for-the-demands-of-their-profession-137975\">medical education<\/a>, as well as in the training of teachers,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-an-er-simulation-helps-medical-and-engineering-students-see-new-points-of-view-175009\">engineers<\/a>\u00a0and managers.<\/p>\n<p>Simulation-based learning \u201callows reality to be brought closer into schools and universities\u201d and provides learners with an opportunity to \u201ctake over certain roles and act in a hands-on (and heads-on) way in a simulated professional context,\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/0034654320933544\">according to researchers<\/a>\u00a0who looked at dozens of studies to investigate the effectiveness of simulation-based learning.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Becoming familiar with best practices<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Despite the evidence that classroom simulations are beneficial in the training of news professionals, they aren\u2019t widely used.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17512786.2018.1423630\">One 2016 study<\/a>\u00a0of 41 accredited journalism schools in the United States found only three programs incorporated role-play exercises and invited trauma victims to be guest speakers.<\/p>\n<p>Simulations allow students to engage in behaviour that approximates a real situation and react as a journalist might, while at the same time permitting the instructor to observe, coach and offer feedback.<\/p>\n<p>Incorporating simulations can positively contribute to a journalists\u2019 professional growth. As one student said after participating in the simulation exercise in my course:<br \/>\n<em>\u201cIt lets students become more comfortable with this kind of interview so that when they do eventually start doing these, they are familiar with the best practices \u2026 which means that it\u2019s likely to go a little bit smoother than if they hadn\u2019t done that.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Case-study scenarios<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>I developed four case-study scenarios that reflect the kind of reporting assignments an early-career journalist might receive in a newsroom, such as sudden death or critical injury.<\/p>\n<p>Students chose which scenario they wanted to do and prepared for the interview with a professional, paid actor. The interviews, conducted and recorded over Zoom, ranged between 15 and 40 minutes.<\/p>\n<p>Letting students choose a scenario was important because it acknowledged one of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/orr\/infographics\/6_principles_trauma_info.htm\">the key principles of a trauma-informed approach<\/a>: empowerment, voice and choice. No one should feel forced to participate in a simulation that might mirror their own previous experiences or otherwise be upsetting or uncomfortable for them.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, I acknowledge the four scenarios all reflected incidents that could be\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.talkspace.com\/blog\/types-of-trauma\/\">described as acute<\/a>. \u201cAcute trauma\u201d refers to a psychological trauma that occurs in response to a single, highly-stressful event such as a car crash, natural disaster or the sudden death of a loved one \u2014 as opposed to \u201cchronic trauma,\u201d referring to ongoing or repeated traumatic experiences, such as emotional, physical or sexual abuse or intimate partner violence.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Experience in low-stakes environment<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Among the important\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/factsandfrictions.ca\/portfolio-item\/forced-change-simulated-solutions\/\">lessons students highlighted after the exercise<\/a>\u00a0were increased confidence in themselves and their abilities to successfully conduct sensitive interviews.<\/p>\n<p>Students also said the exercise underscored the importance of research, transparency, informed consent and having a self-care plan for after the interview, when emotional weight might settle in the journalist\u2019s mind.<\/p>\n<p>Speaking more broadly to the value of such simulation exercises as part of a journalism education, students said it was helpful to get hands-on experience in a low-stakes environment.<\/p>\n<p>Learning by doing and then reflecting on the experience has considerable value, as does learning to manage one\u2019s emotions, especially anxiety, in advance of trauma-intensive interviews.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Matthew Pearson is an Assistant Professor, School of Journalism and Communication at Carleton University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It\u2019s a phone call most journalists dread to make. A woman in her 20s has died after she was struck by a car while riding her bicycle. \u201cWhat is your favourite memory of Eleanor?\u201d a journalist asks the woman\u2019s father in an interview. The man\u2019s voice quivers. \u201cI don\u2019t have a favourite,\u201d he says. \u201cEvery [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/simulations-with-actors-prepare-journalism-students-to-interview-trauma-survivors\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[13350],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-71454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-journalism-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Simulations with actors prepare journalism students to interview trauma survivors - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/simulations-with-actors-prepare-journalism-students-to-interview-trauma-survivors\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Simulations with actors prepare journalism students to interview trauma survivors - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It\u2019s a phone call most journalists dread to make. 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