{"id":71451,"date":"2024-01-24T01:04:28","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T06:04:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=71451"},"modified":"2024-01-24T01:04:28","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T06:04:28","slug":"australia-risks-falling-behind-allies-on-research-security-will-it-take-a-spy-scandal-in-our-universities-to-catch-up","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/australia-risks-falling-behind-allies-on-research-security-will-it-take-a-spy-scandal-in-our-universities-to-catch-up\/","title":{"rendered":"Australia risks falling behind allies on research security. Will it take a spy scandal in our universities to catch up?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Late last year, a PhD student named Yuekang Li was\u00a0refused a study visa<\/a>\u00a0to enter Canada. Why? Canada\u2019s Federal Court was\u00a0concerned<\/a>\u00a0he could be \u201ctargeted and coerced into providing information that would be detrimental to Canada\u201d.<\/p>\n

Li wasn\u2019t the only one. Earlier this month, Iranian computer engineering student Reza Jahantigh was\u00a0denied a visa<\/a>\u00a0to study his PhD in Canada, because of his previous service in the Iranian military. Some observers have\u00a0called the decisions \u201cdeeply unhelpful\u201d<\/a>, and said they\u00a0risked the prospects of future international students coming to Canada<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Despite such criticisms, Canada is at the forefront of an international charge for stricter \u201cresearch security<\/a>\u201d \u2013 the idea of protecting certain university courses and research programs from espionage, foreign interference and technology theft.<\/p>\n

While countries including the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands are moving swiftly to make their research more secure, Australia lags behind. And our need for research security is only set to grow.<\/p>\n

Rules around the world<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In the US, applicants for federal funding must comply with strict guidelines on\u00a0disclosing both local and foreign partners<\/a>. Canada has\u00a0banned research collaborations with foreign entities<\/a>\u00a0connected with Chinese, Russian or Iranian military or intelligence agencies.<\/p>\n

The UK even\u00a0funds specific university research into how they secure their work<\/a>. The Netherlands, a\u00a0world leader with its own brand of \u201cknowledge security\u201d<\/a>, has even proposed a controversial law to\u00a0security-screen every foreign researcher<\/a>, irrespective of their home country.<\/p>\n

What is Australia doing?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In Australia, research security is a contentious topic. We don\u2019t recognise the term, we don\u2019t really talk about it, and it doesn\u2019t appear in parliamentary press releases. But there are real threats to our universities.<\/p>\n

A\u00a0parliamentary inquiry in 2022<\/a>\u00a0heard stories of coercion, suppression and foreign interference on almost every Australian campus. Two years on,\u00a0almost none of the inquiry\u2019s recommendations have been completely adopted<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Last year, my colleagues and I found\u00a0Australia has more than 3,000 research agreements with China<\/a>, some of which might pose significant security risks. Only a few months ago, the Five Eyes \u2013\u00a0composed of the intelligence agencies of the US, UK, Canada, New Zealand and Australia<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 called China an \u201cunprecedented threat\u201d to innovative research around the world.<\/p>\n

We should be worried. Under the AUKUS agreement, Australia is about to receive some of the\u00a0most closely guarded military secrets in the world<\/a>\u00a0courtesy of the US \u2013 nuclear-powered submarines.<\/p>\n

After that, we will be\u00a0sharing breakthroughs in military technologies<\/a>\u00a0such as robotics, hypersonic missiles and quantum computers. The government has even\u00a0allocated thousands of new university positions to support AUKUS<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Some action, but not enough<\/strong><\/h4>\n

But what Australia hasn\u2019t done is take a really good look at what needs to be done to keep those secrets safe.<\/p>\n

We aren\u2019t completely defenceless. ASIO has published a booklet called\u00a0Collaborate with Care<\/a>, which gives researchers tips on how to ensure their research isn\u2019t compromised. And one of Australia\u2019s biggest funding bodies, the Australian Research Council, recently published its\u00a0Countering Foreign Interference Framework<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But the steps outlined in those publications are all voluntary, and pale in comparison with our international allies. So, what will it take for Australia to reconsider its position on research security?<\/p>\n

Does Australia need a scandal?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Put simply, Australia seems to need a proper research security scandal in one of its universities.<\/p>\n

The US has a long history of research security scandals. One of the worst was the\u00a0alleged theft of \u201cmilitary grade meta-materials\u201d<\/a>\u00a0by Chinese entrepreneur and one-time graduate student Ruopeng Liu from Duke University in 2009.<\/p>\n

In 2018, Hao Zhang \u2013 a professor at China\u2019s Tianjin University \u2013 was arrested (and later convicted) for\u00a0stealing semiconductor technology from US businesses<\/a>. And in 2021, Harvard professor Charles Lieber \u2013 once considered a frontrunner for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry \u2013 was\u00a0convicted of fraud<\/a>\u00a0for lying about payments he received to be a \u201cstrategic scientist\u201d for foreign universities.<\/p>\n

Canada too has had its scandals. In 2021, doctors Xiangguo Qiu and Keding Cheng were\u00a0fired by Canada\u2019s National Microbiology Lab and lost their security clearances<\/a>\u00a0for allegedly sharing virus samples with the Wuhan Institute of Virology. And in 2023, Norwegian officials arrested a Russian intelligence agent named Mikhail Mikushin, who had\u00a0posed for years as a Canadian university academic<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Close calls<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In Australia, we\u2019ve come close. Just two years ago, the ASIO Director-General Mike Burgess told the Five Eyes his agency had\u00a0expelled a visiting professor<\/a>\u00a0who had been given \u201cmoney and a shopping list of intelligence requirements\u201d by Chinese intelligence. Then, last year, ASIO warned that foreign intelligence agents have been told to\u00a0\u201caggressively seek\u201d and steal AUKUS secrets<\/a>\u00a0from Australia.<\/p>\n

So perhaps we should act now, before we get a scandal to spur us into action.<\/p>\n

We could be having open, honest and frank discussions between universities and our intelligence services. We could be crafting a robust research security policy hand-in-hand between academia and government. We could be looking at what works around the world, analysing it, critiquing it, and seeing if it works here.<\/p>\n

Otherwise, Australia stands to lose the very secrets we have just been entrusted to keep.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Brendan Walker-Munro is a Senior Research Fellow at The University of Queensland<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Late last year, a PhD student named Yuekang Li was\u00a0refused a study visa\u00a0to enter Canada. Why? Canada\u2019s Federal Court was\u00a0concerned\u00a0he could be \u201ctargeted and coerced into providing information that would be detrimental to Canada\u201d. Li wasn\u2019t the only one. Earlier this month, Iranian computer engineering student Reza Jahantigh was\u00a0denied a visa\u00a0to study his PhD in […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86115],"tags":[434800],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-71451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research","tag-research-security"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAustralia risks falling behind allies on research security. 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