{"id":71359,"date":"2024-01-14T15:39:29","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T20:39:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=71359"},"modified":"2024-01-15T00:42:07","modified_gmt":"2024-01-15T05:42:07","slug":"canada-should-not-fall-behind-on-implementing-safety-measures-for-children-online","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/canada-should-not-fall-behind-on-implementing-safety-measures-for-children-online\/","title":{"rendered":"Canada should not fall behind on implementing safety measures for children online"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-71361\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/online-safety-kids-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/online-safety-kids-1.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/online-safety-kids-1-250x131.jpeg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Recent legislation about age verification for adult content sites has sparked an interesting scenario in the Canadian parliament. On Dec. 13,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.parl.ca\/legisinfo\/en\/bill\/44-1\/s-210\">Bill S-210<\/a>, An Act to restrict young persons\u2019 online access to sexually explicit material, passed the second reading in the House of Commons with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ourcommons.ca\/Members\/en\/votes\/44\/1\/609\">a vote of 189 to 133<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Surprisingly, most Liberal MPs voted against it, as the government has been working on its own\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/canadian-heritage\/campaigns\/harmful-online-content.html\">online harms bill<\/a>. The online harms bill was first promised in 2019 but has yet to be tabled due to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/british-columbia\/online-protection-act-1.7042880\">broader complications<\/a>\u00a0it is dealing with.<\/p>\n<p>With full support from the Conservatives, NDP, Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois and some Liberal MPs, Bill S-210 managed to proceed for a committee review. The bill had successfully passed the Senate in the spring of 2023.<\/p>\n<p>Bill S-210 proposes that, before accessing sites with adult content, all users have to go through a mandatory age verification process to prove they are adults. Age verification has been compulsory for accessing gambling sites and those that sell products like alcohol, tobacco and cannabis.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Protecting minors<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Similar legislation to Bill S-210 has been successfully passed or implemented in various parts of the world, including\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/euconsent.eu\/\">the European Union<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetmatters.org\/resources\/uk-age-verification-law-for-pornography-sites-explained-parent-guide\/\">the United Kingdom<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/04\/30\/business\/louisiana-kids-age-porn-law.html\">several states<\/a>\u00a0in the United States.<\/p>\n<p>Yet Canadian lawmakers have divided opinions on this bill. Critics of Bill S-210 have raised\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/porn-site-age-verification-proposed-bill-1.7060841\">strong concerns<\/a>\u00a0about privacy and freedom of expression.<\/p>\n<p>My PhD research focuses on anonymous age verification systems to protect users\u2019 privacy. I also voluntarily consult with the Digital Governance Council of Canada to develop\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dgc-cgn.org\/standards\/find-a-standard\/\">technical standards for age-verification technologies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>When discussing privacy and security during online age verification, we need to consider some key factors.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Online age verification<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>While\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/avpassociation.com\/avmethods\/\">different mechanisms<\/a>\u00a0exist for online age verification, the more popular methods are ID document matching, facial recognition and third-party verification.<\/p>\n<p>ID document matching is a common method for age verification during in person transactions. For instance, individuals are required to present government-issued ID documents, such as a driver\u2019s licence or health card, when purchasing alcohol from a physical store. Similarly, in online transactions, users can upload an image of their ID.<\/p>\n<p>Then\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/OCR\">optical character recognition<\/a>\u00a0technology is used to extract data from the document, particularly the date of birth. Additionally, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.incognia.com\/the-authentication-reference\/what-is-liveness-detection\">liveness check<\/a>\u00a0may be conducted by comparing the photo on the document with an instant photo of the user to ensure authenticity.<\/p>\n<p>Users may also verify their age through authorized third parties, such as their credit cards or bank accounts. This method leverages existing relationships and information held by these trusted entities to confirm the user\u2019s age.<\/p>\n<p>Biometric-based age verification has been an emerging field during the last decade, thanks to artificial intelligence. Researchers are exploring\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MS.2020.3044872\">different biometrics<\/a>\u00a0for estimating age, including\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yoti.com\/blog\/yoti-myface-liveness-white-paper\/\">facial images and videos<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPCSN58827.2023.00082\">speech<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICACC-202152719.2021.9708286\">fingerprints<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RTSI55261.2022.9905194\">heart signals<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/ic.2013.0258\">irises<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>During facial analysis, users are requested to provide a live selfie in the form of an image or video, which is then analyzed by AI-based tools to estimate their ages. This method has been\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/iapp.org\/news\/a\/how-facial-age-estimation-technology-can-help-protect-childrens-privacy-for-coppa-and-beyond\/\">extensively tested<\/a>\u00a0and is now deployed by various entities in different countries, including\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/business\/2023\/12\/15\/google-develops-selfie-scanning-block-children-porn\/\">Google<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-63544332\">Meta<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Less invasive option<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>When different options are available, users can choose the options with which they feel most comfortable with. The euCONSENT project is a network founded by the European Commission to protect children online. The network recently ran a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/euconsent.eu\/a-summary-of-the-achievements-and-lessons-learned-of-the-euconsent-project-and-what-comes-next\/\">comprehensive pilot<\/a>\u00a0on online age verification among 2,000 children and adults across five European countries.<\/p>\n<p>Participants\u2019 feedback showed that facial estimation was the top choice, preferred by 68 per cent of the participants. They considered it as an easy, fast and less invasive option. Third-party verification (through credit card) was the least chosen option, preferred by only three per cent of the participants.<\/p>\n<p>Users\u2019 personal data (ID documents, facial images or bank information) needs to be protected by enforcing strict regulations, similar to the EU\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gdpr-info.eu\/\">General Data Protection Regulation<\/a>\u00a0policies.<\/p>\n<p>Bill S-210 proposes to implement reliable age verification methods that will collect users\u2019 personal information solely for verification purposes, and the data will be destroyed immediately after verification.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Challenges posed by VPNs<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcmag.com\/how-to\/what-is-a-vpn-and-why-you-need-one\">Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)<\/a>\u00a0are often used to evade age verification. Users route internet traffic through servers in different locations, making it appear as if they are accessing content from a region without age restrictions.<\/p>\n<p>This challenge can be tackled by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/ip-geolocation-service-providers\/\">IP geolocation services<\/a>, which compare a user\u2019s claimed location with their actual IP address, helping to identify any discrepancies.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Protecting children<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Along with technological readiness, social awareness is also crucial to ensure proper adoption of age-verification measures, which takes us back to the legislative aspects.<\/p>\n<p>The number of online sexual luring cases involving children\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/manitoba\/social-media-online-child-luring-reports-spike-canada-1.6739824\">has increased 10-fold<\/a>\u00a0in the last five years in Canada. We have experienced tragic incidents of kids dying by suicide after being victimized online. Last October,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/urldefense.com\/v3\/__https:\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/british-columbia\/police-link-suicide-of-12-year-old-prince-george-b-c-boy-to-online-sexual-extortion-1.7041185__;!!MtWvt2UVEQ!DF5HkrmBKV19KkIeKL-ea2wsl0zQDjJXailbkNU8v_hglKA5S_bli3hS-fFnKq-jM1tMU5hhYryCzTQawM4J5fnd%24\">a 12-year-old B.C. boy died by suicide<\/a>\u00a0after falling victim to online sextortion.<\/p>\n<p>So, the question is: how long do we need to wait before measures are in place to protect children? Canada cannot afford to trail behind any longer. It is now time to move forward and make online space safe.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Azfar Adib is a Public Scholar &#038; PhD Candidate, Electrical and Computer Engineering at Concordia University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Recent legislation about age verification for adult content sites has sparked an interesting scenario in the Canadian parliament. On Dec. 13,\u00a0Bill S-210, An Act to restrict young persons\u2019 online access to sexually explicit material, passed the second reading in the House of Commons with\u00a0a vote of 189 to 133. Surprisingly, most Liberal MPs voted against [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/canada-should-not-fall-behind-on-implementing-safety-measures-for-children-online\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[434790],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-71359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lifestyle","tag-online-safety"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Canada should not fall behind on implementing safety measures for children online - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/canada-should-not-fall-behind-on-implementing-safety-measures-for-children-online\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Canada should not fall behind on implementing safety measures for children online - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Recent legislation about age verification for adult content sites has sparked an interesting scenario in the Canadian parliament. On Dec. 13,\u00a0Bill S-210, An Act to restrict young persons\u2019 online access to sexually explicit material, passed the second reading in the House of Commons with\u00a0a vote of 189 to 133. 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