{"id":70958,"date":"2023-12-05T00:09:44","date_gmt":"2023-12-05T05:09:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=70958"},"modified":"2023-12-05T00:09:44","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T05:09:44","slug":"online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/","title":{"rendered":"Online \u2018likes\u2019 for toxic social media posts prompt more \u2212 and more hateful \u2212 messages"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

The rampant\u00a0increase of hate messages<\/a>\u00a0on social media is a scourge in today\u2019s technology-infused society. Racism, homophobia, xenophobia and even personal attacks on\u00a0people who have the audacity to disagree<\/a>\u00a0with someone else\u2019s political opinion \u2013 these and other forms of online hate present an ugly side of humanity.<\/p>\n

The derision on social media appears in vile and profane terms for all to see. Obviously, the sole purpose of posting online hate is to harass and harm one\u2019s victims, right?<\/p>\n

Not necessarily, according to recent studies about hate messaging in social media. Although seeing hate comments is unquestionably upsetting, new research suggests there\u2019s a different reason people post hate: to\u00a0get attention and garner social approval<\/a>\u00a0from like-minded social media users. It\u2019s a social activity. It\u2019s exhilarating to be the nastiest or snarkiest and to get lots of thumbs-ups or hearts. Anecdotal evidence makes a good case for the social basis of online hate, and new empirical research backs it up.<\/p>\n

In\u00a0over 30 years of research about online interaction<\/a>, I\u2019ve documented how people make friends and form relationships online. It now appears that the same dynamics that can make some online relationships intensely positive can also fuel friendly feelings among those who join together online in expressing enmity toward identity groups and individual targets. It\u2019s a \u201chate party<\/a>,\u201d more or less.<\/p>\n

Online hate is a social phenomenon<\/strong><\/h4>\n

When you look at online hate messages, you start to notice clues that suggest, more often than not, that hatemongers are posting messages to each other, not to those their messages implicate and denigrate.<\/p>\n

For instance, white supremacists and neo-Nazis often include codes and symbols that have shared meaning for the in-group but are opaque to outsiders, including the very people that their messages vilify. Including \u201c88\u201d in one\u2019s message, hashtag or handle is one such code; the\u00a0Anti-Defamation League\u2019s lexicon of hate symbols<\/a>\u00a0explains that the 8th letter of the alphabet is H. And 88, therefore, is HH, or Heil Hitler.<\/p>\n

Another clue that hate is for haters is the way it has shifted somewhat from mainstream social media to fringe sites that have gotten so hateful and disturbing that it\u2019s hard to imagine any member of a targeted group wanting to peruse those spaces. The fringe sites\u00a0say they promote unfettered free speech online<\/a>. But in doing so, they attract users who write posts that are widely unacceptable and wouldn\u2019t last a minute on mainstream sites with community standards and content moderation.<\/p>\n

The kinds of messages that would quickly be flagged as hate speech in any offline setting come to dominate the threads and discussions in some of these spaces. Users curate meme repositories \u2013 for instance, the anti-Jewish, anti-LGBTQ and \u201cnew (n-word)\u201d collections \u2013 that are hideous to most people but funny to those who partake in these secluded virtual backrooms. They\u2019re not spaces where the targets of these epithets are likely to wander.<\/p>\n

Ganging up builds community<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Further research lends credence to the hypothesis that haters are in it for social approval from one another. Internet researchers\u00a0Gianluca Stringhini<\/a>,\u00a0Jeremy Blackburn<\/a>\u00a0and their colleagues have been tracking what they call cross-platform \u201craids\u201d for a decade.<\/p>\n

Here\u2019s how it works. A user on one platform recruits other users to target and harass someone on another platform \u2013 the creator of a specific video over on YouTube, for instance. The originator\u2019s post contains a link to the YouTube video and a description of some race or gender issue to prey on, instilling the urge to act among prospective accomplices. Followers\u00a0head to YouTube and pile on<\/a>, filling the comments section with hate messages.<\/p>\n

The attack looks like its purpose is to antagonize a victim rather than building ties among the antagonists. And, of course, the\u00a0effects on the targeted person<\/a>\u00a0can be devastating.<\/p>\n

But backstage, the attackers circle back to the platform where the plot was organized. They boast to one another about what they did. They post screen grabs from the YouTube page to show off their denigrating deeds. They congratulate each other. It was for getting attention and approval after all, consistent with the social approval theory of online hate.<\/p>\n

Social approval eggs users on to greater extremes<\/strong><\/h4>\n

More direct evidence of the effect of social approval on hate messaging is also emerging. Online behavior researcher\u00a0Yotam Shmargad<\/a>\u00a0and his collaborators have studied newspapers\u2019 online discussion websites. When people get \u201cupvotes\u201d on antisocial comments they\u2019ve posted, they become\u00a0more likely to post additional antisocial comments<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A recent study by my colleagues\u00a0Julie Jiang<\/a>,\u00a0Luca Luceri<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Emilio Ferrara<\/a>\u00a0looked at users of X, the platform formerly known as Twitter, and what happened when they received signs of social approval to their xenophobic tweets. When posters\u2019 toxic tweets got an unusually high number of \u201clikes\u201d from other users,\u00a0their subsequent messages were even more toxic<\/a>. The more their messages were retweeted by others, the more posters doubled down with more extreme hate.<\/p>\n

These findings do nothing to diminish the real hurt and anger that justifiably arise when people see themselves or their identity groups disparaged online.<\/p>\n

The social approval theory of online hate doesn\u2019t explain how people come to hate others or become bigoted in the first place. It does provide a new account for the expression of hate on social media, though, and how social gratifications encourage the ebb and flow of this problematic practice.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Joseph B. Walther is a Visiting Scholar at Harvard University, Distinguished Professor of Communication at the University of California, Santa Barbara<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The rampant\u00a0increase of hate messages\u00a0on social media is a scourge in today\u2019s technology-infused society. Racism, homophobia, xenophobia and even personal attacks on\u00a0people who have the audacity to disagree\u00a0with someone else\u2019s political opinion \u2013 these and other forms of online hate present an ugly side of humanity. The derision on social media appears in vile and […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[65901],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-70958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-change","tag-online-hate"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOnline \u2018likes\u2019 for toxic social media posts prompt more \u2212 and more hateful \u2212 messages - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-\u2212-and-more-hateful-\u2212-messages\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Online \u2018likes\u2019 for toxic social media posts prompt more \u2212 and more hateful \u2212 messages - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The rampant\u00a0increase of hate messages\u00a0on social media is a scourge in today\u2019s technology-infused society. Racism, homophobia, xenophobia and even personal attacks on\u00a0people who have the audacity to disagree\u00a0with someone else\u2019s political opinion \u2013 these and other forms of online hate present an ugly side of humanity. The derision on social media appears in vile and […]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-\u2212-and-more-hateful-\u2212-messages\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-12-05T05:09:44+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Online-hate.jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"Online \u2018likes\u2019 for toxic social media posts prompt more \u2212 and more hateful \u2212 messages\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-05T05:09:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":944,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/Online-hate.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"online hate\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Social Change\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/\",\"name\":\"Online \u2018likes\u2019 for toxic social media posts prompt more \u2212 and more hateful \u2212 messages - World leading higher education information and services\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/Online-hate.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-05T05:09:44+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/Online-hate.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/Online-hate.jpeg\",\"width\":680,\"height\":418},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Online \u2018likes\u2019 for toxic social media posts prompt more \u2212 and more hateful \u2212 messages\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\",\"name\":\"World leading higher education information and services\",\"description\":\"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer & tenure jobs.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\",\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g8ba4c352a279c450aa9435d770c1ebf4\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Kevin\"},\"description\":\"Kevin is founder of the world.edu project. The past 28 years have been involved in publishing to the education sector in print and the internet. Kevin has a degree in Education and has a many years experience in developing companies and projects.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/author\\\/kevin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Online \u2018likes\u2019 for toxic social media posts prompt more \u2212 and more hateful \u2212 messages - World leading higher education information and services","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-\u2212-and-more-hateful-\u2212-messages\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Online \u2018likes\u2019 for toxic social media posts prompt more \u2212 and more hateful \u2212 messages - World leading higher education information and services","og_description":"The rampant\u00a0increase of hate messages\u00a0on social media is a scourge in today\u2019s technology-infused society. Racism, homophobia, xenophobia and even personal attacks on\u00a0people who have the audacity to disagree\u00a0with someone else\u2019s political opinion \u2013 these and other forms of online hate present an ugly side of humanity. The derision on social media appears in vile and […]","og_url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-\u2212-and-more-hateful-\u2212-messages\/","og_site_name":"World leading higher education information and services","article_published_time":"2023-12-05T05:09:44+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Online-hate.jpeg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Kevin","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Kevin","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/"},"author":{"name":"Kevin","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee"},"headline":"Online \u2018likes\u2019 for toxic social media posts prompt more \u2212 and more hateful \u2212 messages","datePublished":"2023-12-05T05:09:44+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/"},"wordCount":944,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Online-hate.jpeg","keywords":["online hate"],"articleSection":["Social Change"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/","name":"Online \u2018likes\u2019 for toxic social media posts prompt more \u2212 and more hateful \u2212 messages - World leading higher education information and services","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Online-hate.jpeg","datePublished":"2023-12-05T05:09:44+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Online-hate.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Online-hate.jpeg","width":680,"height":418},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-likes-for-toxic-social-media-posts-prompt-more-%e2%88%92-and-more-hateful-%e2%88%92-messages\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/world.edu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Online \u2018likes\u2019 for toxic social media posts prompt more \u2212 and more hateful \u2212 messages"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/","name":"World leading higher education information and services","description":"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer & tenure jobs.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee","name":"Kevin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g8ba4c352a279c450aa9435d770c1ebf4","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Kevin"},"description":"Kevin is founder of the world.edu project. The past 28 years have been involved in publishing to the education sector in print and the internet. Kevin has a degree in Education and has a many years experience in developing companies and projects.","sameAs":["https:\/\/world.edu"],"url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/author\/kevin\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70958","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70958"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70969,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70958\/revisions\/70969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70958"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=70958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}