{"id":70708,"date":"2023-11-14T23:33:02","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T04:33:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=70708"},"modified":"2023-11-14T23:33:02","modified_gmt":"2023-11-15T04:33:02","slug":"tv-can-be-educational-but-social-media-likely-harms-mental-health-what-70-years-of-research-tells-us-about-children-and-screens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/tv-can-be-educational-but-social-media-likely-harms-mental-health-what-70-years-of-research-tells-us-about-children-and-screens\/","title":{"rendered":"TV can be educational but social media likely harms mental health: what 70 years of research tells us about children and screens"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/familywatchingTV.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"383\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-70709\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/familywatchingTV.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/familywatchingTV-250x141.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><br \/>\nAsk any parent and it\u2019s likely they\u2019ll tell you they\u2019re worried about their kids\u2019 screen time. A 2021\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rchpoll.org.au\/polls\/top-10-child-health-problems-what-australian-parents-think\/\">poll<\/a>\u00a0found it was Australian parents\u2019 number one health concern for their kids \u2013 ahead of cyberbullying and unhealthy diets. But how worried should parents be?<\/p>\n<p>The information that\u2019s out there can be confusing. Some psychologists have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rd.com\/article\/secondhand-screen-time\/\">compared it to smoking<\/a>\u00a0(amid concerns about \u201csecondhand screen time\u201d), while others are telling us\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/stop-worrying-about-screen-time-its-your-childs-screen-experience-that-matters-118610\">not to worry<\/a>\u00a0too much about kids and screens.<\/p>\n<p>Academics are also confused. As The Lancet\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(19)30358-7\/fulltext\">noted<\/a>\u00a0in 2019, researchers\u2019 understanding of the benefits, risks and harms of the digital landscape is \u201csorely lacking\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41562-023-01712-8\">our new research<\/a>, we wanted to give parents, policymakers and researchers a comprehensive summary of the best evidence on the influence of screens on children\u2019s physical and psychological health, education and development.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>What we did<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-do-we-know-what-works-systematic-research-reviews-5979\">Meta-analyses<\/a>\u00a0are one of the best forms of evidence because they summarise the findings of lots of research all at once.<\/p>\n<p>This can give us a much better view of what is happening than just looking at a single study of one group of people. So we gathered all meta-analyses conducted in English on any form of screen time in children, regardless of the outcome.<\/p>\n<p>We found 217 meta-analyses, with almost half published in just the last two years. These meta-analyses represent the findings from 2,451 individual studies and have a combined sample size of more than 1.9 million children and adolescents up to 18 years. The individual studies were done between 1954 and 2021 and the meta-analyses were done between 1982 and 2022.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The good news<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>We found some things that should reassure parents.<\/p>\n<p>The overall size of the influence of screens across the outcomes (for example, depression, body weight, literacy and sleep) in children were small.<\/p>\n<p>Almost all of the results had correlations less than 0.2, which is about the same as the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3044837\/\">correlation between height and intelligence<\/a>. That doesn\u2019t mean the effect for an individual child will always be that small, just that on average, the relationship is small.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>How kids use screens matters<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>We also found it\u2019s not the screen itself that really matters but what\u2019s on it and the way kids use it.<\/p>\n<p>Television is a form of screen time that has worried parents for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20341829\">more than half a century<\/a>. We did find general television viewing was associated with poorer academic performance and literacy skills. Our study did not give us time limits, but found a linear relationship. That is, the more TV a child watched, the poorer their literacy skills were.<\/p>\n<p>But if the program was educational or if the child was watching with a parent, we found there was a benefit to their literacy. This is probably because it gives parents an opportunity to talk about things in the show (\u201cI think Bluey is feeling dissapointed\u201d) or ask questions (\u201cwhat is Bingo drawing?\u201d) which\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/15250000701779378\">develops language skills<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The not so good news<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>We did find some forms of screen time are consistently associated with harm and had no evidence of benefits.<\/p>\n<p>Chief among these was social media, which was associated with depression, anxiety and risk taking. Again, our research found a relationship between the more time a child spent on social media, the more likely they were to have a mental health issue.<\/p>\n<p>This is similar to the advice released this year from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/sg-youth-mental-health-social-media-advisory.pdf\">US Surgeon General<\/a>. This noted while social media could provide community and connections for young people (particularly from marginalised groups), it could also harm their mental health.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>What does it mean?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>As other\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/screen-time-for-kids-is-an-outdated-concept-so-lets-ditch-it-and-focus-on-quality-instead-186462\">education experts have noted<\/a>, \u201cscreen time\u201d is a bit of a useless term.<\/p>\n<p>Nobody thinks facetiming Nanna and scrolling TikTok are equivalent, but both would fall into the category of \u201crecreational screen time\u201d in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/topics\/physical-activity-and-exercise\/physical-activity-and-exercise-guidelines-for-all-australians\/for-children-and-young-people-5-to-17-years\">Australian guidelines<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>So, a key message from our study is to focus less on an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/two-hour-screen-limit-for-kids-is-virtually-impossible-to-enforce-36656\">unachievable time limit<\/a>, and instead focus on what kids are actually doing on screens. Try to steer them towards educational apps, TV programs and video games.<\/p>\n<p>But it can\u2019t be education all the time \u2013 kids also need time for recreation. And if you watch with your child, it can also have benefits.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Don\u2019t forget to be active<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Regardless of what screen-based activities you choose to allow, remember most screen time is sedentary. Long periods of sitting aren\u2019t great for kids (or adults!), so breaking up these periods with movement is still important.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, the most important factor for child development is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/developingchild.harvard.edu\/resources\/three-early-childhood-development-principles-improve-child-family-outcomes\/\">quality parenting<\/a>. Being present, spending quality time and creating a caring environment are what really\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/raisingchildren.net.au\/newborns\/connecting-communicating\/bonding\/parent-child-relationships\">make a difference for children<\/a>. You matter more to your child\u2019s mental and physical health than the screen.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bios:<\/strong> Taren Sanders is a Research Fellow, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Chris Lonsdale is Deputy Provost, Michael Noetel is a Senior Lecturer in Psychology and Philip D Parker is Pro-vice-chancellor Research all at the Australian Catholic University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ask any parent and it\u2019s likely they\u2019ll tell you they\u2019re worried about their kids\u2019 screen time. A 2021\u00a0poll\u00a0found it was Australian parents\u2019 number one health concern for their kids \u2013 ahead of cyberbullying and unhealthy diets. But how worried should parents be? The information that\u2019s out there can be confusing. Some psychologists have\u00a0compared it to [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/tv-can-be-educational-but-social-media-likely-harms-mental-health-what-70-years-of-research-tells-us-about-children-and-screens\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[351592],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-70708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","tag-screen-time"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>TV can be educational but social media likely harms mental health: what 70 years of research tells us about children and screens - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/tv-can-be-educational-but-social-media-likely-harms-mental-health-what-70-years-of-research-tells-us-about-children-and-screens\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TV can be educational but social media likely harms mental health: what 70 years of research tells us about children and screens - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ask any parent and it\u2019s likely they\u2019ll tell you they\u2019re worried about their kids\u2019 screen time. A 2021\u00a0poll\u00a0found it was Australian parents\u2019 number one health concern for their kids \u2013 ahead of cyberbullying and unhealthy diets. But how worried should parents be? The information that\u2019s out there can be confusing. Some psychologists have\u00a0compared it to [&hellip;]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/tv-can-be-educational-but-social-media-likely-harms-mental-health-what-70-years-of-research-tells-us-about-children-and-screens\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-15T04:33:02+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/familywatchingTV.jpg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/tv-can-be-educational-but-social-media-likely-harms-mental-health-what-70-years-of-research-tells-us-about-children-and-screens\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/tv-can-be-educational-but-social-media-likely-harms-mental-health-what-70-years-of-research-tells-us-about-children-and-screens\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"TV can be educational but social media likely harms mental health: what 70 years of research tells us about children and screens\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-15T04:33:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/tv-can-be-educational-but-social-media-likely-harms-mental-health-what-70-years-of-research-tells-us-about-children-and-screens\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":839,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/tv-can-be-educational-but-social-media-likely-harms-mental-health-what-70-years-of-research-tells-us-about-children-and-screens\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/familywatchingTV.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"screen time\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Education\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/tv-can-be-educational-but-social-media-likely-harms-mental-health-what-70-years-of-research-tells-us-about-children-and-screens\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/tv-can-be-educational-but-social-media-likely-harms-mental-health-what-70-years-of-research-tells-us-about-children-and-screens\\\/\",\"name\":\"TV can be educational but social media likely harms mental health: what 70 years of research tells us about children and screens - 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