{"id":69629,"date":"2023-09-04T00:10:23","date_gmt":"2023-09-04T04:10:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=69629"},"modified":"2023-09-04T00:10:23","modified_gmt":"2023-09-04T04:10:23","slug":"how-does-gps-jamming-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/how-does-gps-jamming-work\/","title":{"rendered":"How does GPS jamming work?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

For the majority of us who use a GPS \u2013\u00a0<\/span>Global Positioning System<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 to guide ourselves on a daily basis or on the road to vacation, what a disaster when it doesn’t work!\u00a0GPS is also widely used in professional and scientific settings, in the transport sector but also in civil engineering, for geolocated services, topography, geodesy (which is the study of the shape of the Earth)… not to mention the military applications which are\u00a0<\/span>at the very origin of the GPS system<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

GPS relies physically on radio signals at very specific frequencies.\u00a0If for one reason or another, these are difficult to access, geolocation is disrupted, or even impossible.\u00a0We will focus here on a particular reason:\u00a0<\/span>jamming<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, which can be voluntary or involuntary and is distinguished in particular from\u00a0<\/span>\u201cdecoy\u201d ( <\/span>spoofer<\/span><\/em> in English)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jamming the GPS results in a \u201cdenial of service\u201d, meaning that you are unable to calculate your position.\u00a0This can be critical because many sensitive applications use it: civil aviation, defense, civil protection in particular.\u00a0Deliberate jamming can thus be part of a cyberattack, particularly\u00a0<\/span>in the context of armed conflicts as is the case in Ukraine for example<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

To understand what it is, let’s start by explaining the principle of GPS.<\/span><\/p>\n

Operation: \u201cGPS\u201d is a receiver<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Commonly referred to as \u201cGPS\u201d is the function that provides \u201cgeolocation\u201d information, which should be understood as the physical location of a terminal in the geographical sense of the term.\u00a0Its goal: to obtain mathematical magnitudes, called coordinates, which make it possible to place an object in a system of representation such as a map.\u00a0In addition to geolocation, GPS allows precise synchronization of the receiver clock to a few tens of nanoseconds of universal time.\u00a0It is for example used to synchronize mobile networks or banking or stock market transactions.\u00a0In the latter case, we can timestamp the moment of the sale of a security and therefore refer to its price on the market to better than the nearest second.<\/span><\/p>\n

We often refer to the object that serves as our GPS by the system’s acronym, GPS.\u00a0Strictly speaking, we should speak of a \u201cGNSS receiver\u201d.\u00a0The acronym GNSS, for\u00a0<\/span>Global Navigation Satellites Systems<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, designates all of the systems allowing global geolocation: American GPS, European Galileo, Russian GLONASS and Chinese Beidou.\u00a0So, if you are in Europe, you should say: “I’ll be there in 5 minutes, my Galileo tells me I’m near you.”<\/span>
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

In practice, satellites send radio signals to Earth.\u00a0These are received using an antenna integrated into the receiver (the smartphone for example) then processed in such a way as to allow the geographical coordinates of the antenna to be calculated.\u00a0It is important to note that there is no return from the receiver to the satellite: the link is only downward.\u00a0\u201cGNSS\u201d are therefore not tracking systems, but position calculation systems.<\/span><\/p>\n

This leads to important information for the subject that interests us: the disturbance of the GPS concerns the reception of the signal at the level of the terminal on Earth.\u00a0We can jam all the receivers on Earth, the satellite network will continue to send its signals as if nothing had happened.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jamming GNSS signals<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Jamming a system is an action, not necessarily voluntary, consisting of emitting a signal on the system’s frequency band which will add to that of the system, and disrupt its operation.\u00a0Commonly, we call this additional signal \u201cnoise\u201d which is added to the natural noise which corresponds to the sum of the signals from all existing radio sources, coming from the Earth, the Sun, space and even the ‘human activity.\u00a0To imagine what the noise in question is, the simplest analogy is that of current language.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imagine that you are at a restaurant table having a conversation with a person in front of you.\u00a0You understand and hear what your interlocutor is saying.\u00a0You hear the other conversations but you do not understand them: it is natural noise, which is added to ambient noises such as those of traffic for example… A person at a neighboring table starts to speak very loudly, to the point that you no longer understand what the person in front of you is saying.\u00a0You have been scrambled!<\/span><\/p>\n

For GPS, the nature of the waves changes but the principle is the same: anything that is emitted on the frequency band and which does not come from the system’s satellites acts as interference.<\/span><\/p>\n

In addition, the signals that come from the satellites have the particularity of being very low in power (a few tenths of a picowatt in reception).\u00a0They are therefore very susceptible to interference.\u00a0A jammer located several kilometers away emitting a few milliwatts, or the order of magnitude of the power of a wifi transmitter, is sufficient.\u00a0To spin the previous comparison, imagine that your interlocutor just now has a barely audible little voice, the slightest noise around you will prevent you from understanding him.<\/span><\/p>\n

Voluntary and unintentional interference<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Unintentional interference is often linked to a faulty device.\u00a0It can be a telecommunication device, such as a wifi router or a relay antenna, which transmits outside its operating frequency in a GNSS band.\u00a0This may also concern electrical devices whose electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is poor because they have been damaged or because they do not comply with the prescribed manufacturing or use standards, for example mobile telephones and microphone ovens -waves.\u00a0For all these cases, we would say in common parlance that they are \u201cpoorly isolated\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Deliberate jamming can amount to a cyberattack.\u00a0It can be encountered in the context of electronic warfare, in the context of a conflict such as in Ukraine where\u00a0<\/span>mutual jamming is proven<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0The objective is then to disrupt the enemy’s tactical organization by depriving him of information on the positions of his deployment or countering his guided weapons.<\/span><\/p>\n

But it is also found in civil applications.\u00a0The most common is a\u00a0<\/span>small device that can be plugged into a car cigarette lighter that interferes with the reception of all surrounding receivers, such as those in airplanes<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0This use is found among employees of transport companies who wish to defeat the tracking system with which their vehicle is equipped so that their employer cannot follow their movements.<\/span><\/p>\n

How to protect your GPS from jamming?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

There are few simple methods to protect yourself from interference.\u00a0Military receivers are equipped with certain techniques that increase the power needed to jam them.<\/span><\/p>\n

For certain applications with configurations (antennas, available energy source) allowing it, such as vehicles or planes, in addition to specific processing applied to the signals, there are \u201csmart\u201d antennas which attenuate the signal\u00a0<\/span>in the direction of reception of the signal. jammer<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, reducing its effectiveness.<\/span><\/p>\n

That said, not all applications, whether military or civilian, are necessarily equipped with resistant receivers.\u00a0Soldiers’ radios, for example, have\u00a0<\/span>classic GNSS chips<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Russian soldiers themselves use GPS\u00a0<\/span>despite its regular jamming in Ukraine<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Basic receivers have even been found\u00a0<\/span>in combat aircraft cockpits<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0But this should not lead us to believe that this situation is reserved for this country.<\/span><\/p>\n

For consumer or industrial receivers, when you lose the signal in apparently problem-free reception conditions, there is often no other choice than to move away from the area and report it to\u00a0<\/span>the ANFR, the National Frequency Agency<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Alexandre Vervisch Picois is Lecturer, GNSS and geolocation specialist at T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis \u2013 Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For the majority of us who use a GPS \u2013\u00a0Global Positioning System\u00a0\u2013 to guide ourselves on a daily basis or on the road to vacation, what a disaster when it doesn’t work!\u00a0GPS is also widely used in professional and scientific settings, in the transport sector but also in civil engineering, for geolocated services, topography, geodesy […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[434598],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-69629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science-tech","tag-gps-jamming"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow does GPS jamming work? - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/how-does-gps-jamming-work\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How does GPS jamming work? 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