{"id":69356,"date":"2023-08-15T00:06:05","date_gmt":"2023-08-15T04:06:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=69356"},"modified":"2023-08-15T00:06:05","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T04:06:05","slug":"floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/","title":{"rendered":"Florida\u2019s academic standards distort the contributions that enslaved Africans made to American society"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

The state of\u00a0Florida ignited a controversy<\/a>\u00a0when it released a\u00a0set of 2023 academic standards<\/a>\u00a0that require fifth graders to be taught that enslaved Black people in the U.S. \u201cdeveloped skills which, in some instances, could be applied for their benefit.\u201d<\/p>\n

As a\u00a0researcher<\/a>\u00a0specializing in the\u00a0history of race and racism in the U.S.<\/a>, I \u2013 like a\u00a0growing chorus of critics<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 see that education standard as flawed and misleading.<\/p>\n

Whereas Florida would have students believe that enslaved Black people \u201cbenefited\u201d by developing skills during slavery, the reality is that enslaved Africans contributed to the nation\u2019s social, cultural and economic well-being by using skills they had already developed before captivity. What follows are examples of the skills the Africans brought with them as they entered the Americas as enslaved:<\/p>\n

1. As farmers<\/strong><\/h4>\n

During the period between 1750 and 1775, the majority of the enslaved Africans that landed in the Carolinas came from the traditional\u00a0rice-growing regions in Africa<\/a>\u00a0known as the Rice Coast.<\/p>\n

Subsequently, rice joined cotton as one of the\u00a0most profitable agricultural products<\/a>, not only in North Carolina and South Carolina but in\u00a0Virginia and Georgia<\/a>\u00a0as well.<\/p>\n

Other African food staples, such as\u00a0black rice<\/a>,\u00a0okra<\/a>,\u00a0black-eyed peas<\/a>, yams,\u00a0peanuts<\/a>\u00a0and watermelon, made their way into North America via slave ship cargoes.<\/p>\n

Ship captains\u00a0relied on African agricultural products<\/a>\u00a0to feed the\u00a012 million<\/a>\u00a0enslaved Africans transported to the Americas through a brutal voyage known as the Middle Passage. In some cases the\u00a0Africans stowed away food<\/a>\u00a0as they boarded the ships. These foods were essential for the enslaved to survive the harsh conditions of their trans-Atlantic trip in the hulls of ships.<\/p>\n

Once on plantations in the land now known as the United States, enslaved people occasionally were able to\u00a0cultivate small gardens<\/a>. In these gardens, reflecting a small amount of freedom, enslaved men and women grew their own food. Some of the crops consisted of produce originating in Africa. From these they\u00a0added unique ingredients<\/a>, such as hot peppers, peanuts, okra and greens, to adapt West African stews into gumbo or jambalaya, which took rice, spices and heavily seasoned vegetables and meat. These dishes soon became staples in what would become known as\u00a0down-home cooking<\/a>. Crop surpluses from the communal gardens were sometimes sold in local markets, thus providing income that some enslaved people used to purchase freedom. Some of these African-derived crops became central to Southern cuisine.<\/p>\n

2. As cooks and chefs<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The culinary skills that the West Africans brought with them served to enhance, transform and produce unique eating habits and culinary practices in the South. Although enslaved Africans were forced to cook for families that held them as property, they also cooked for themselves, typically using a large pot that they had been given for the purpose.<\/p>\n

Using skills from various West African cultures, these cooks often worked together to prepare communal meals for their fellow enslaved people. The different cooking styles produced a range of popular meals centering on\u00a0one-pot cooking<\/a>\u00a0to include stews or gumbos, or layering meat with greens. The meals comprised a high proportion of corn meal, animal fat and bits of meat or vegetables. Communal gardens, maintained by the enslaved, might supplement the meager supplies and what was available from hunting or fishing. Some of the cooks who emerged from these conditions\u00a0became some of the highest regarded and valued<\/a>\u00a0among the enslaved in the regions.<\/p>\n

Enslaved chefs blended African, Native American and European traditions to create\u00a0unique Southern cuisines<\/a>\u00a0that featured roasted beef, veal, turkey, duck, fowl and ham. Desserts and puddings featured jellies, oranges, apples, nuts, figs and raisins. Stews and soups changed, given the season, sometimes featuring oysters or fish.<\/p>\n

3. As artisans and builders<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Slave ship manifests reveal that enslaved Africans included some who were\u00a0woodcarvers and metalworkers<\/a>. Others were skilled in various traditional crafts, including pottery making, weaving, basketry and wood carving. These crafts were instrumental in filling the perpetual\u00a0scarcity of skilled labor on plantations<\/a>.<\/p>\n

When\u00a0planters and traders<\/a>\u00a0considered purchasing an enslaved Black person, one of the key factors influencing their decision and the price was their skills. Slave auction sales included carpenters, blacksmiths and shoemakers.<\/p>\n

Architectural designs showing West African<\/a>\u00a0influences have been identified in structures excavated from some colonial plantations in various areas of the\u00a0South Carolina Lowcountry<\/a>. These buildings, with clay-walled architecture, demonstrate that the West Africans came with building skills.\u00a0Excavated clay pipes in the Chesapeake<\/a>\u00a0region reveal West African pottery decorative techniques.<\/p>\n

Across the nation,\u00a0multiple landmarks were built by the enslaved<\/a>. These include the White House, the U.S. Capitol and the Smithsonian Castle in Washington, Fraunces Tavern and Wall Street in New York, and Fort Sumter in South Carolina.<\/p>\n

4. As midwives, herbalists and healers<\/strong><\/h4>\n

As Africans entered the Americas, they brought\u00a0knowledge of medicinal plants<\/a>. Some enslaved women were midwives who used medical practices and skills from their native lands. In many cases, while many of these plants were unavailable in the Americas, enslaved Africans\u2019 knowledge, and that gleaned from Native Americans, helped them to identify a range of plants that could be beneficial to treat a wide range of illnesses among both the enslaved and the enslavers.\u00a0Enslaved midwives<\/a>\u00a0delivered babies and, in some cases, provided the means for either avoiding pregnancies or performing abortions. They also treated respiratory illnesses.<\/p>\n

These\u00a0practices and knowledge grew<\/a>\u00a0as they began incorporating techniques from Native American and European sources. They employed an interesting array of these practices to identify herbs, produce devices and to facilitate\u00a0childbirth<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0maternal health and well-being<\/a>. They utilized several\u00a0herbal remedies<\/a>\u00a0such as cedar berries, tansy and cotton seeds to end pregnancies.<\/p>\n

In 1721, of the\u00a05,880 Bostonians who contracted smallpox, 844 died<\/a>. Even more would have died had it not been for a\u00a0radical technique introduced by an enslaved person named Onesimus<\/a>, who is credited with helping a small portion of the population survive.<\/p>\n

Onesimus, purchased by Cotton Mather in 1706, was being groomed to be a domestic servant. In 1716, Onesimus informed Mather that he had survived smallpox and no longer feared contagion. He described a practice known as\u00a0variolation<\/a>\u00a0derived by West Africans to fight various infections.<\/p>\n

This was a method of intentionally infecting an individual by rubbing pus from an infected person into an open wound. Onesimus explained how this treatment resulted in significantly milder symptoms, eliminating the likelihood of contracting the disease. As physicians began to wonder about this mysterious method to prevent smallpox, they developed the technique known as vaccinations. Smallpox today has been eradicated worldwide primarily because of the medical advice rendered by Onesimus.<\/p>\n

Regardless of how Florida\u2019s education standards misrepresent history, the reality is that the Africans forced to come to America brought an enormous range of skills. They were farmers, cooks, chefs, artisans, builders, midwives, herbalists and healers. Our country is richer because of their skills, techniques and knowledge.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Rodney Coates is a Professor of Critical Race and Ethnic Studies at Miami University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The state of\u00a0Florida ignited a controversy\u00a0when it released a\u00a0set of 2023 academic standards\u00a0that require fifth graders to be taught that enslaved Black people in the U.S. \u201cdeveloped skills which, in some instances, could be applied for their benefit.\u201d As a\u00a0researcher\u00a0specializing in the\u00a0history of race and racism in the U.S., I \u2013 like a\u00a0growing chorus of […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[108974],"tags":[434566],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-69356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-enslaved-black-people"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFlorida\u2019s academic standards distort the contributions that enslaved Africans made to American society - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Florida\u2019s academic standards distort the contributions that enslaved Africans made to American society - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The state of\u00a0Florida ignited a controversy\u00a0when it released a\u00a0set of 2023 academic standards\u00a0that require fifth graders to be taught that enslaved Black people in the U.S. \u201cdeveloped skills which, in some instances, could be applied for their benefit.\u201d As a\u00a0researcher\u00a0specializing in the\u00a0history of race and racism in the U.S., I \u2013 like a\u00a0growing chorus of […]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-15T04:06:05+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/enslaved-Black-people.jpg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"Florida\u2019s academic standards distort the contributions that enslaved Africans made to American society\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-15T04:06:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1171,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/enslaved-Black-people.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"enslaved Black people\"],\"articleSection\":[\"History\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/\",\"name\":\"Florida\u2019s academic standards distort the contributions that enslaved Africans made to American society - World leading higher education information and services\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/enslaved-Black-people.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-15T04:06:05+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/enslaved-Black-people.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/enslaved-Black-people.jpg\",\"width\":680,\"height\":408},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Florida\u2019s academic standards distort the contributions that enslaved Africans made to American society\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\",\"name\":\"World leading higher education information and services\",\"description\":\"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer & tenure jobs.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\",\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g8ba4c352a279c450aa9435d770c1ebf4\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Kevin\"},\"description\":\"Kevin is founder of the world.edu project. The past 28 years have been involved in publishing to the education sector in print and the internet. Kevin has a degree in Education and has a many years experience in developing companies and projects.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/author\\\/kevin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Florida\u2019s academic standards distort the contributions that enslaved Africans made to American society - World leading higher education information and services","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Florida\u2019s academic standards distort the contributions that enslaved Africans made to American society - World leading higher education information and services","og_description":"The state of\u00a0Florida ignited a controversy\u00a0when it released a\u00a0set of 2023 academic standards\u00a0that require fifth graders to be taught that enslaved Black people in the U.S. \u201cdeveloped skills which, in some instances, could be applied for their benefit.\u201d As a\u00a0researcher\u00a0specializing in the\u00a0history of race and racism in the U.S., I \u2013 like a\u00a0growing chorus of […]","og_url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/","og_site_name":"World leading higher education information and services","article_published_time":"2023-08-15T04:06:05+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/enslaved-Black-people.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Kevin","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Kevin","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/"},"author":{"name":"Kevin","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee"},"headline":"Florida\u2019s academic standards distort the contributions that enslaved Africans made to American society","datePublished":"2023-08-15T04:06:05+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/"},"wordCount":1171,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/enslaved-Black-people.jpg","keywords":["enslaved Black people"],"articleSection":["History"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/","name":"Florida\u2019s academic standards distort the contributions that enslaved Africans made to American society - World leading higher education information and services","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/enslaved-Black-people.jpg","datePublished":"2023-08-15T04:06:05+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/enslaved-Black-people.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/enslaved-Black-people.jpg","width":680,"height":408},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/floridas-academic-standards-distort-the-contributions-that-enslaved-africans-made-to-american-society\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/world.edu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Florida\u2019s academic standards distort the contributions that enslaved Africans made to American society"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/","name":"World leading higher education information and services","description":"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer & tenure jobs.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee","name":"Kevin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g8ba4c352a279c450aa9435d770c1ebf4","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Kevin"},"description":"Kevin is founder of the world.edu project. The past 28 years have been involved in publishing to the education sector in print and the internet. Kevin has a degree in Education and has a many years experience in developing companies and projects.","sameAs":["https:\/\/world.edu"],"url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/author\/kevin\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69356"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69356\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69358,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69356\/revisions\/69358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69356"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=69356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}