{"id":66682,"date":"2023-01-09T00:21:39","date_gmt":"2023-01-09T05:21:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=66682"},"modified":"2023-01-09T00:21:39","modified_gmt":"2023-01-09T05:21:39","slug":"the-reverse-of-the-words-clivant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/the-reverse-of-the-words-clivant\/","title":{"rendered":"The reverse of the words: “Clivant”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

In the usual dictionaries, the adjective\u00a0<\/span>\u201cdividing\u201d<\/span><\/a>\u00a0is defined as \u201cwhat deeply divides opinion\u201d.\u00a0This now dominant meaning has eclipsed the strict meaning of the verb “cleave” which originally designated a technique, and even an art: that of splitting a diamond or a crystallized ore “according to the direction of its lamellar layers”, as specifies the online dictionary of the National Center for Textual and Lexical Resources (\u00a0<\/span>CNRTL<\/span><\/a>\u00a0).<\/span><\/p>\n

The craftsman endowed with this know-how on a very precious raw material was called a \u201ccleaver\u201d.\u00a0This family of technical words was therefore found in the\u00a0<\/span>Dictionnaire raisonn\u00e9 des arts, des sciences et des m\u00e9tiers<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, in other words\u00a0<\/span>The Encyclopedia<\/span><\/em>\u00a0directed by Diderot and d’Alembert in the Age of Enlightenment.<\/span><\/p>\n

Appearing much later, \u201cdividing\u201d is endowed with a socio-political meaning no longer related to the materialist vocabulary of Flemish diamond merchants.\u00a0More than a word, it has even become a veritable trope, a figure of speech characteristic of this media idiom that the linguist G\u00e9rard Genette called the\u00a0<\/span>medialect<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0In 2012, in the\u00a0<\/span>column “Just a word”<\/span><\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span>Le Monde<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, the journalist Didier Pourquery recounted its rapid and almost contagious diffusion in the mouths of political journalists.\u00a0It should be noted that the two examples given then of subjects considered to be \u201cdivisive\u201d, Europe and secularism, are still on the agenda ten years later.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

The other side of this diabolical word is that it presents itself as a descriptive label and that its public use turns out to be all the more effective as it is blurred by the halo of protective attitude that surrounds it. .\u00a0\u201cDividing\u201d remarks could indeed cause unease in public opinion suddenly magically reunited: vigilance is therefore essential!\u00a0On a more general level, \u201ccleaving\u201d represents a speech act that modifies reality, which is called\u00a0<\/span>performative<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in linguistics.<\/span><\/p>\n

Let’s take a closer look.\u00a0\u201cClivant\u201d indeed operates an almost sanitary warning about certain speeches while subscribing to the protection of the most precious democratic public good: the free expression of opinions.\u00a0In fact, the label “dividing” once it is attributed to authors clashing with dominant conceptions, or about so-called “lively” or “sensitive” questions such as immigration, national identity or Islamophobia, amounts to signaling a danger to public opinion.\u00a0The nature of the danger remaining tacit, the alarm spreads its anxiety-inducing potential in the public thus challenged.<\/span><\/p>\n

This formidable performative efficiency reveals a serious paradox upon reflection.\u00a0Democracy being in essence the regime recognizing the plurality of opinions and protecting freedom of expression as long as it is exercised within the framework of the law, suspicion with regard to speeches which a priori respect the rules of the debate would not be necessary, if one bases oneself on article 11 of the Declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen of August 24, 1789.<\/span><\/p>\n

Because that would then amount to deciding by authority, outside of any established law and any legitimate authority, with reference to a consensus as mythical as it is fallacious, which speeches are deemed to be audible and which are not, as tend suspicious borderline cases grouped in the \u201cdividing\u201d category.<\/span><\/p>\n

The hypothesis of the existence of a tacit ideological norm underlying the public discursive space of which “dividing” would be the coded expression and the operator would therefore amount to recognizing the exercise of moral censorship in the field of the expression of ideas and convictions, which radically contravenes the principles of our democratic culture.<\/span><\/p>\n

What comes to the support of this worrying hypothesis is the recent shift of \u201ccleaving\u201d applied to people and no longer to their public remarks.\u00a0Indeed, the controversy loses its meaning even when this qualification is attributed a priori to intellectuals and representatives of the academic world invited to express themselves.\u00a0So we would be dealing through this misuse of the word not only with a diversion of the debate under the influence of the culture of clash, but with its prevention without apparent violence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Author Bio: <\/strong>Isabella of Meccanem is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the usual dictionaries, the adjective\u00a0\u201cdividing\u201d\u00a0is defined as \u201cwhat deeply divides opinion\u201d.\u00a0This now dominant meaning has eclipsed the strict meaning of the verb “cleave” which originally designated a technique, and even an art: that of splitting a diamond or a crystallized ore “according to the direction of its lamellar layers”, as specifies the online dictionary […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[434237],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-66682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lifestyle","tag-cleaving"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe reverse of the words: "Clivant" - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/the-reverse-of-the-words-clivant\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The reverse of the words: "Clivant" - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the usual dictionaries, the adjective\u00a0\u201cdividing\u201d\u00a0is defined as \u201cwhat deeply divides opinion\u201d.\u00a0This now dominant meaning has eclipsed the strict meaning of the verb “cleave” which originally designated a technique, and even an art: that of splitting a diamond or a crystallized ore “according to the direction of its lamellar layers”, as specifies the online dictionary […]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/the-reverse-of-the-words-clivant\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-09T05:21:39+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/cleaving.jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/the-reverse-of-the-words-clivant\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/the-reverse-of-the-words-clivant\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"The reverse of the words: “Clivant”\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-09T05:21:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/the-reverse-of-the-words-clivant\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":675,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/the-reverse-of-the-words-clivant\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/cleaving.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"cleaving\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lifestyle\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/the-reverse-of-the-words-clivant\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/the-reverse-of-the-words-clivant\\\/\",\"name\":\"The reverse of the words: \\\"Clivant\\\" - 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