{"id":66311,"date":"2022-12-11T09:33:03","date_gmt":"2022-12-11T14:33:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=66311"},"modified":"2022-12-11T09:33:03","modified_gmt":"2022-12-11T14:33:03","slug":"daydreamings-dark-side-the-compulsive-complex-fantasy-disorder-that-dominates-some-peoples-daily-lives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/daydreamings-dark-side-the-compulsive-complex-fantasy-disorder-that-dominates-some-peoples-daily-lives\/","title":{"rendered":"Daydreaming\u2019s dark side: the compulsive, complex fantasy disorder that dominates some people\u2019s daily lives"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Despite what we\u2019re often taught to believe,\u00a0daydreaming can be immensely useful<\/a>. Not only can it be a source of pleasure and a way to relieve boredom, research shows that our ability to mentally escape the present can also boost creativity, problem-solving and planning, and\u00a0provide an antidote to loneliness<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Daydreaming, when defined as thoughts that aren\u2019t tied to what you\u2019re currently doing, occupies a\u00a0good chunk of our waking lives<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 an average of\u00a0around 30% of the time<\/a>\u00a0if you randomly probe people. It\u2019s part of our everyday conscious experience. You might even think of it as\u00a0our default mode<\/a>\u00a0which we return to, especially when doing things that don\u2019t require a lot of brain power, such as mundane tasks like hanging out washing.<\/p>\n

But it\u2019s estimated\u00a02.5% of adults<\/a>\u00a0experience a type of excessive daydreaming which is defined as the disorder \u201cmaladaptive daydreaming\u201d. So-called maladaptive daydreamers compulsively engage in vivid fantasies and daydreaming plots so excessively that it interferes with their ability to function in daily life.<\/p>\n

What is maladaptive daydreaming?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Maladaptive daydreaming differs from typical daydreaming in several ways.<\/p>\n

Unlike typical daydreams which can be fleeting (lasting seconds<\/a>), maladaptive daydreamers can spend several hours at a time in a single daydream. According to one study, maladaptive daydreamers spent an average of\u00a0at least half their waking hours<\/a>\u00a0immersed in deliberately constructed fantasy worlds. These invented worlds are often rich and fantastical, with\u00a0complex plots and intricate storylines<\/a>\u00a0that evolve over many years.<\/p>\n

Maladaptive daydreamers\u2019 fantasy worlds are vivid and rewarding, and the need to continue the fantasy can be\u00a0compulsive and addictive<\/a>. With maladaptive daydreaming, there\u2019s a strong urge to daydream and annoyance when this is not possible or interrupted. Most also find it difficult to stop or even reduce the amount of time they spend daydreaming.<\/p>\n

But prioritising spending time in alternative, imagined realities at the expense of physical and social needs can create problems at work, at school and in maintaining close relationships.\u00a0Many people with maladaptive daydreaming<\/a>\u00a0report experiencing psychological distress, difficulty sleeping and feelings of shame about their daydreaming activity \u2013 something that they may hide from others.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s important to note that immersive daydreaming and vivid fantasy activity isn\u2019t by default maladaptive. What makes daydreaming \u201cmaladaptive\u201d is when it becomes difficult to control, when time to daydream takes precedence over real life, and when the compulsion to daydream interferes with important life goals and relationships.<\/p>\n

Why does it happen?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Researchers suspect that people who struggle with maladaptive daydreaming may have an innate ability for\u00a0immersive imaginative fantasies<\/a>. Many discover this ability early on in childhood, realising fantasy and daydreams can be used to regulate distress. By creating an inner world of comfort, they\u2019re able to escape from reality.<\/p>\n

Some \u2013 but not all \u2013 maladaptive daydreamers may use daydreaming as a\u00a0coping strategy<\/a>. For example, daydreaming activity can distract from an unpleasant reality which may help to cope with trauma, difficult life events or social isolation. But doing so can lead to a\u00a0vicious cycle of compulsive fantasy<\/a>, where using fantasy to avoid negative emotions exacerbates the urge to daydream.<\/p>\n

In many ways, daydreaming becomes an addictive behaviour that fuels the very problems it was intended to alleviate. Perhaps unsurprisingly, maladaptive daydreaming tends to\u00a0occur alongside other disorders<\/a>, the most common being ADHD, anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).<\/p>\n

There seems to be a strong relationship between OCD and maladaptive daydreaming. One study found that over half of participants with maladaptive daydreaming also\u00a0exhibited signs of OCD<\/a>. This may suggest possible shared mechanisms between the two disorders, including intrusive thoughts, dissociation and a lack of cognitive control.<\/p>\n

Though maladaptive daydreaming has been garnering an\u00a0increasing amount of attention online<\/a>\u00a0and through social media, it\u2019s not yet formally recognised in psychiatric diagnostic manuals.<\/p>\n

This means many health professionals may be unaware of the condition, leading to misdiagnosis or dismissal of symptoms, creating\u00a0further distress, isolation, and shame<\/a>\u00a0for maladaptive daydreamers. Many instead turn to\u00a0online forums<\/a>\u00a0for\u00a0peer support and recognition<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The fact that maladaptive daydreaming is not recognised as a psychiatric condition also means we know little about treatment options. There is one\u00a0documented case study<\/a>\u00a0published in a peer-reviewed journal showing a 25-year-old man was able to cut the time he spent daydreaming in half \u2013 from nearly three hours daily to under an hour and a half. This was done over the course of six months using a combination of psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness.<\/p>\n

Although treatment didn\u2019t affect how rewarding his daydreaming felt, he reported improvements in work and social functioning as well as in underlying obsessions. It\u2019s hoped that with increasing recognition and understanding of maladaptive daydreaming, more treatment options will become available for sufferers.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong>Giulia Poerio is Associate lecturer at the University of Sussex<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Despite what we\u2019re often taught to believe,\u00a0daydreaming can be immensely useful. Not only can it be a source of pleasure and a way to relieve boredom, research shows that our ability to mentally escape the present can also boost creativity, problem-solving and planning, and\u00a0provide an antidote to loneliness. Daydreaming, when defined as thoughts that aren\u2019t […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[109017],"tags":[434188],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-66311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health-care","tag-daydreaming"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDaydreaming\u2019s dark side: the compulsive, complex fantasy disorder that dominates some people\u2019s daily lives - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/daydreamings-dark-side-the-compulsive-complex-fantasy-disorder-that-dominates-some-peoples-daily-lives\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Daydreaming\u2019s dark side: the compulsive, complex fantasy disorder that dominates some people\u2019s daily lives - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Despite what we\u2019re often taught to believe,\u00a0daydreaming can be immensely useful. 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