{"id":65599,"date":"2022-11-02T01:00:54","date_gmt":"2022-11-02T05:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=65599"},"modified":"2022-11-02T01:00:54","modified_gmt":"2022-11-02T05:00:54","slug":"conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/","title":{"rendered":"Conservative US Supreme Court reconsidering affirmative action, leaving the use of race in college admissions on the brink of extinction"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nThe U.S. military learned a valuable lesson about race during the Vietnam War: Diversity does not happen without affirmative action.<\/p>\n

That helps explain why a\u00a0distinguished group of 35 military officials<\/a>\u00a0wrote\u00a0a brief to the Supreme Court<\/a>\u00a0supporting the use of race as a part of college admissions \u2013 as the U.S. military has done at its four service academies over the last nearly 50 years.<\/p>\n

While the\u00a0Supreme Court has agreed in the past<\/a>\u00a0that racial diversity on college campuses is an important goal, the problem is just how to achieve that goal without using race as a factor.<\/p>\n

In two cases that are expected to determine the fate of affirmative action programs across the country, the court\u00a0heard oral arguments on Oct. 31, 2022,<\/a>\u00a0that could bring an end to using race as one of many factors in college admissions decisions.<\/p>\n

Questions from the justices reflected the ideological divisions on the court. Conservative justices argued that\u00a0race-based admissions policies had no defined end point<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cI don\u2019t see how you can say that the program will ever end,\u201d Chief Justice John Roberts said.<\/p>\n

Associate Justice Clarence Thomas cut right to the point in his questions.<\/p>\n

\u201cI may be tone-deaf when it comes to all these other things that happen on campus, about feeling good and all that,\u201d\u00a0Thomas said to one of the attorneys defending affirmative action<\/a>. \u201cI\u2019m really interested in a simple thing: What benefits academically are there to your definition or the diversity that you\u2019re asserting.\u201d<\/p>\n

In sharp contrast, liberal Justice Sonia Sotomayor reminded the court that diversity was deemed an issue of national importance in previous rulings and that without such programs,\u00a0the number of historically disadvantaged applicants decreases substantially<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat we know,\u201d Sotomayor said about the nine states who have tried dropping affirmative action programs, \u201cin each of them, white admissions have either remained the same or increased. And clearly, in some institutions, the numbers for underrepresented groups has fallen dramatically, correct?\u201d<\/p>\n

The US military experience<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In my view as a scholar of the history of affirmative action, the military officers make the\u00a0case that diversity<\/a>\u00a0is a matter of life and death.<\/p>\n

The officers\u00a0argued in their brief<\/a>\u00a0that barring universities from taking race into account in admissions risks sowing \u201cinternal resentment, discord, and violence\u201d in an era when \u201cdiversity is imperative to our military\u2019s dealings with international allies and complex global challenges.\u201d<\/p>\n

In addition, the military leaders argued that overturning affirmative action would damage the extremely successful talent pipeline that the officer corps has set up directly through military academies and indirectly through the university-based ROTC programs.<\/p>\n

This is not the first time former military officials have weighed in on affirmative action. They\u00a0did so<\/a>\u00a0in the 2003 case against the affirmative action program at the University of Michigan in\u00a0Grutter vs. Bollinger<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe importance of maintaining a diverse, highly qualified officer corps has been beyond legitimate dispute for decades,\u201d the military officials wrote.<\/p>\n

Indeed, in 1962, when U.S. involvement was starting to grow in Vietnam, Black commissioned officers represented only 1.6% of the officers corps. Military academies remained virtually segregated, with Black people making up less than 1% of enrollees. As a result, the number of Black officers didn\u2019t grow much.<\/p>\n

Over the next five years, the\u00a0number of Black soldiers fighting and dying<\/a>\u00a0on the front lines grew to about 25%. Racial tensions between white and Black soldiers\u00a0led to at least 300 fights<\/a>\u00a0in a two-year-period that resulted in 71 deaths.<\/p>\n

Fueling those fights was the belief among Black soldiers that the largely white officers didn\u2019t care about their lives.<\/p>\n

The lack of diversity, the military leaders wrote in their brief, \u201cled to a complete breakdown in understanding between minority enlisted service members and the white officers who led them.\u201d<\/p>\n

In what they described as \u201ca painful chapter,\u201d military officials said the Vietnam War \u201cbrought home the importance of cultivating diversity across all levels of leadership.\u201d<\/p>\n

It also began the military\u2019s use of affirmative action, including race-conscious admissions policies at service academies and in ROTC programs.<\/p>\n

Conservative target for decades<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In their lawsuits now in the Supreme Court against\u00a0Harvard<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0University of North Carolina<\/a>, the anti-affirmative action organization\u00a0Students for Fair Admissions<\/a>\u00a0argued that the schools\u2019 race-conscious admissions process was unconstitutional and discriminated against high-achieving Asian American students in favor of traditionally underrepresented Blacks and Hispanics.<\/p>\n

These cases mark the second time the Students for Fair Admissions and its founder, Edward Blum,\u00a0a conservative activist<\/a>\u00a0who has raised millions of dollars from right-wing donors, have reached the Supreme Court in their efforts to dismantle affirmative action.<\/p>\n

In 2016, they challenged the University of Texas on behalf of white and Asian students, but lost. That didn\u2019t stop Blum from filing the latest challenges before the Supreme Court \u2013 all in the effort to eliminate the use of race in college admissions.<\/p>\n

In an October 2022 interview, Blum said\u00a0he believes that diversity on campus is a good thing<\/a>, but \u201cthere is a way to go about doing this without putting a thumb on the scale.\u201d<\/p>\n

Given the conservative 6-3 majority on the Supreme Court and\u00a0its controversial ruling<\/a>\u00a0that overturned the landmark\u00a01973 abortion decision in Roe v. Wade<\/a>, it does not appear likely that affirmative action as it\u2019s known will survive, despite decades of rulings that protected the use of race as an admissions criteria.<\/p>\n

In 2007, for instance, Chief Justice Roberts wrote\u00a0in a school busing case<\/a>\u00a0that \u201cthe way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race.\u201d<\/p>\n

Forms of that argument have been around since the 1970s, when a legal challenge reached the Supreme Court in\u00a0Regents of the University of California v. Bakke<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In that 1978 case, Allan Bakke, a white man, had been denied admission to University of California at Davis\u2019 medical school. Though ruling that a separate admissions process for minority medical students was unconstitutional, Associate Justice Lewis Powell wrote that\u00a0race can still be one of several factors<\/a>\u00a0in the admissions process.<\/p>\n

Since then, the Supreme Court has issued different rulings on whether race could be used in college admissions.<\/p>\n

In the 2003\u00a0Grutter v. Bollinger<\/a>\u00a0case, Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor wrote the\u00a0majority opinion<\/a>\u00a0that endorsed the University of Michigan\u2019s \u201chighly individualized, holistic review\u201d that included race as a factor and had been legally challenged.<\/p>\n

Most recently, in\u00a0Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin<\/a>\u00a0in 2016, the court reaffirmed its belief in schools that \u201ctrain students to appreciate diverse viewpoints, to see one another as more than mere stereotypes, and to develop the capacity to live and work together as equal members of a common community.\u201d<\/p>\n

If not race, then what?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Race-neutral admissions policies have had mixed results.<\/p>\n

In the cases before the Supreme Court, the University of California\u00a0also filed a brief urging the Court to allow the use of race<\/a>. The school argued that the elimination of its affirmative action program in 1996 has caused its diversity numbers to decline in some cases by more than 50%.<\/p>\n

\u201cUC\u2019s experience demonstrates that the race-neutral methods which it has diligently pursued for 25 years have been inadequate to meaningfully increase student-body diversity,\u201d the school said in its brief.<\/p>\n

The impact on the number of Black and Latino students was virtually immediate. At UCLA, for instance, African American students made up 7.13% of the freshman class in 1995, and only 3.43% in 1998.<\/p>\n

More than two decades later, the numbers have not improved. Though Latino students comprise 52.3% of California public high school graduates, only about 25.4% of college freshmen in the UC system identified as Latino. For Black students, the number graduating from high school was 5%, while the number of Black college freshmen was about 4%.<\/p>\n

\u201cUC\u2019s decades-long experience with race-neutral approaches demonstrates that highly competitive universities may not be able to achieve the benefits of student body diversity through race-neutral measures alone,\u201d the UC brief stated.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong>Travis Knoll is an Adjunct Professor of History, at the University of North Carolina \u2013 Charlotte<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The U.S. military learned a valuable lesson about race during the Vietnam War: Diversity does not happen without affirmative action. That helps explain why a\u00a0distinguished group of 35 military officials\u00a0wrote\u00a0a brief to the Supreme Court\u00a0supporting the use of race as a part of college admissions \u2013 as the U.S. military has done at its four […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[434140],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-65599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","tag-race-neutral-admissions-policies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nConservative US Supreme Court reconsidering affirmative action, leaving the use of race in college admissions on the brink of extinction - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Conservative US Supreme Court reconsidering affirmative action, leaving the use of race in college admissions on the brink of extinction - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The U.S. military learned a valuable lesson about race during the Vietnam War: Diversity does not happen without affirmative action. That helps explain why a\u00a0distinguished group of 35 military officials\u00a0wrote\u00a0a brief to the Supreme Court\u00a0supporting the use of race as a part of college admissions \u2013 as the U.S. military has done at its four […]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-02T05:00:54+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/affirmativeJustice.jpg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"Conservative US Supreme Court reconsidering affirmative action, leaving the use of race in college admissions on the brink of extinction\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-02T05:00:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1350,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/affirmativeJustice.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Race-neutral admissions policies\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Education\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/\",\"name\":\"Conservative US Supreme Court reconsidering affirmative action, leaving the use of race in college admissions on the brink of extinction - World leading higher education information and services\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/affirmativeJustice.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-02T05:00:54+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/affirmativeJustice.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/affirmativeJustice.jpg\",\"width\":680,\"height\":350},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Conservative US Supreme Court reconsidering affirmative action, leaving the use of race in college admissions on the brink of extinction\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\",\"name\":\"World leading higher education information and services\",\"description\":\"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer & tenure jobs.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\",\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g8ba4c352a279c450aa9435d770c1ebf4\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Kevin\"},\"description\":\"Kevin is founder of the world.edu project. The past 28 years have been involved in publishing to the education sector in print and the internet. Kevin has a degree in Education and has a many years experience in developing companies and projects.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/author\\\/kevin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Conservative US Supreme Court reconsidering affirmative action, leaving the use of race in college admissions on the brink of extinction - World leading higher education information and services","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Conservative US Supreme Court reconsidering affirmative action, leaving the use of race in college admissions on the brink of extinction - World leading higher education information and services","og_description":"The U.S. military learned a valuable lesson about race during the Vietnam War: Diversity does not happen without affirmative action. That helps explain why a\u00a0distinguished group of 35 military officials\u00a0wrote\u00a0a brief to the Supreme Court\u00a0supporting the use of race as a part of college admissions \u2013 as the U.S. military has done at its four […]","og_url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/","og_site_name":"World leading higher education information and services","article_published_time":"2022-11-02T05:00:54+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/affirmativeJustice.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Kevin","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Kevin","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/"},"author":{"name":"Kevin","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee"},"headline":"Conservative US Supreme Court reconsidering affirmative action, leaving the use of race in college admissions on the brink of extinction","datePublished":"2022-11-02T05:00:54+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/"},"wordCount":1350,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/affirmativeJustice.jpg","keywords":["Race-neutral admissions policies"],"articleSection":["Education"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/","name":"Conservative US Supreme Court reconsidering affirmative action, leaving the use of race in college admissions on the brink of extinction - World leading higher education information and services","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/affirmativeJustice.jpg","datePublished":"2022-11-02T05:00:54+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/affirmativeJustice.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/affirmativeJustice.jpg","width":680,"height":350},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/conservative-us-supreme-court-reconsidering-affirmative-action-leaving-the-use-of-race-in-college-admissions-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/world.edu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Conservative US Supreme Court reconsidering affirmative action, leaving the use of race in college admissions on the brink of extinction"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/","name":"World leading higher education information and services","description":"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer & tenure jobs.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee","name":"Kevin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g8ba4c352a279c450aa9435d770c1ebf4","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Kevin"},"description":"Kevin is founder of the world.edu project. The past 28 years have been involved in publishing to the education sector in print and the internet. Kevin has a degree in Education and has a many years experience in developing companies and projects.","sameAs":["https:\/\/world.edu"],"url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/author\/kevin\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65599"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65599\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65601,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65599\/revisions\/65601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65599"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=65599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}