{"id":65441,"date":"2022-10-26T00:01:33","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T04:01:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=65441"},"modified":"2022-10-30T18:53:14","modified_gmt":"2022-10-30T22:53:14","slug":"citizens-social-media-can-provide-an-antidote-to-propaganda-and-disinformation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/citizens-social-media-can-provide-an-antidote-to-propaganda-and-disinformation\/","title":{"rendered":"Citizens\u2019 social media can provide an antidote to propaganda and disinformation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/citizenssocialmedia23.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"676\" height=\"431\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-65538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/citizenssocialmedia23.jpeg 676w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/citizenssocialmedia23-250x159.jpeg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In early October, the Pew Research Center released a report called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/journalism\/2022\/10\/06\/the-role-of-alternative-social-media-in-the-news-and-information-environment\/\">The Role of Alternative Social Media in the News and Information Environment<\/a>.\u201d While the report is well-researched and reveals a great deal about the current state of digital media, news and right-wing propaganda, it is wrong about alternative social media.<\/p>\n<p>The report focuses on seven alternative social media sites: BitChute, Gab, Gettr, Parler, Rumble, Telegram and Truth Social. These sites help put the \u201calt\u201d in alt-right by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/journalism\/2022\/10\/06\/content-from-prominent-alternative-social-media-accounts-highlights-extreme-vaccine-skepticism-anxiety-over-lgbtq-issues\/\">harbouring transphobes, anti-vaxxers and Jan. 6 insurrection sympathizers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The report provides content analysis on these sites and shows how some Americans might rely upon them for news. For those of us concerned with the rise of bigotry, fascism and disinformation in the United States, the Pew report offers some valuable insights into the role of these particular alternative social media sites.<br \/>\n<center><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Of the seven alternative social media sites we asked about, the public says they are most familiar with Parler: 38% of U.S. adults say they have heard of it. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/yVBTVXRg2Y\">https:\/\/t.co\/yVBTVXRg2Y<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/GK1kcKG1MS\">pic.twitter.com\/GK1kcKG1MS<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Pew Research Center (@pewresearch) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/pewresearch\/status\/1578056256912297993?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 6, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/center><\/p>\n<p>However, the problem with the report is that it misses a large number of alternative social media sites that\u00a0<em>actively and effectively oppose<\/em>\u00a0the right-wing propaganda coming from the seven sites. This distracts us from real-world solutions to the problems of online hate speech, disinformation and surveillance capitalism.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Defining alternative media<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The report\u2019s core fault is conceptual and methodological. Its definition of \u201calternative social media\u201d is \u201csocial media sites with relatively small user bases that have typically emerged as alternatives to larger, more established social media sites like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Although this definition does put \u201calternative\u201d in opposition to mainstream (as alternative media theory has long done), the authors\u2019 central concern with size influences their methodology and ultimately blinds them to the diversity of alternative social media.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the seven sites they selected for the study had to meet the following criteria: \u201cthey had publicly accessible posts, were mentioned in news media, and had at least 500,000 unique visitors in December 2021.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While 500,000 unique visitors is indeed small in relation to Instagram or YouTube, this threshold excludes a significant number of alternative social media sites that do not harbour transphobes, anti-vaxxers or insurrectionists.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The fediverse<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>There is a network of very small online communities that band together through both technology and shared social values, known as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fediverse.party\/\">the fediverse<\/a>. These sites run software such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/joinmastodon.org\/\">Mastodon<\/a>, a microblogging service, or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pixelfed.org\/\">Pixelfed<\/a>, an Instagram-like image sharing service.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast with both corporate social media, such as Facebook and alt-right alternatives such as Truth Social, fediverse sites are often\u00a0<em>purposely<\/em>\u00a0small. For example, the site\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/queer.party\/about\">queer.party<\/a>\u00a0currently has 6,000 registered users \u2014 and it is currently closed to new members, because the administrators of that site have no desire to make it much larger.<\/p>\n<p>However, even though they are small, there are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fediverse.party\/en\/fediverse\/\">about 9,000 fediverse sites<\/a>. And they are not islands: as the name \u201cfediverse\u201d implies,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/newatlas.com\/what-is-the-fediverse\/56385\/\">a portmanteau of \u201cfederated\u201d and \u201cuniverse<\/a>,\u201d these sites band together, not unlike the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ca.startrek.com\/database_article\/united-federation-of-planets\">United Federation of Planets<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<em>Star Trek<\/em>\u00a0fame.<\/p>\n<p>Queer.party users can communicate with those on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/climatejustice.social\/about\">climatejustice.social<\/a>, who might connect to members of the academic-focused\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.social\/about\/more\">scholar.social<\/a>. Overall, the fediverse has millions of members.<br \/>\n<center><iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yZoASOyfvGQ\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Importantly, these sites can\u00a0<em>defederate<\/em>\u00a0with those who act unethically. For example, while Gab is a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448211024546\">nasty, anti-Semitic place full of Nazis<\/a>, it could have been worse. Much worse.<\/p>\n<p>Early in its history, Andrew Torba, the founder of Gab Social, a far-right networking site,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techdirt.com\/2019\/07\/16\/gab-mastodon-challenges-content-moderation-more-distributed-social-network\/\">proclaimed his desire to make a large network<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 a federation \u2013 of white Christian nationalist sites. This would be achieved through Gab\u2019s use of Mastodon software, which would enable such a federation.<\/p>\n<p>However, Gab\u2019s plan to make a large network of sites was thwarted by the concerted efforts of fediverse administrators and users, who used a co-ordinated campaign to isolate Gab from the rest of the fediverse. The effort worked:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2019\/7\/12\/20691957\/mastodon-decentralized-social-network-gab-migration-fediverse-app-blocking\">Gab gave up its dream of creating a decentralized network of fascists<\/a>, and is now a centralized site \u2013 not much unlike the mainstream social media sites it was trying to escape.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>No surveillance<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The fediverse is by and large\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fediverse.to\/\">free of targeted and behavioural advertising<\/a>, a key technology of surveillance capitalism. In contrast to Facebook, fediverse sites don\u2019t monitor your activities and sell the resulting data to marketers and advertisers.<\/p>\n<p>This is another contrast to the right-wing social media the Pew report focused on: Truth Social, for example, offers advertisers\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/truthsocial.com\/advertising\">means to target audiences<\/a>\u00a0and has\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/technology\/truth-social-join-rumbles-advertising-platform-2022-08-23\/\">partnered with Rumble<\/a>\u00a0to expand its advertising efforts. Indeed, in this sense, Truth Social isn\u2019t alternative at all \u2014 it\u2019s aping the practices of Facebook.<\/p>\n<p>Fediverse sites eschew surveillance capitalism, largely in favour of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/reference\/subject\/economics\/proudhon\/1849\/the-coming-era-of-mutualism.html\">more mutualist<\/a>\u00a0ways of supporting each other.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>False dichotomies<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ultimately, if we reduce \u201calternative social media\u201d to be solely large, right-wing alternative media \u2013 as the Pew report does \u2013 we get a false dichotomy where the extent and diversity of the types of media available is greatly reduced.<\/p>\n<p>On the one hand are the mainstream corporate social media, which, for all their faults, have in fact\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/01\/08\/business\/dealbook\/trump-facebook-twitter-deplatforming.html\">deplatformed people like Donald Trump<\/a>. And on the other hand, we have alt-right social media, which fosters bigotry.<\/p>\n<p>The result is we miss out on innovations in platform governance that both go beyond the corporate model and actually do a very good job at marginalizing hate speech and undermining surveillance capitalism.<\/p>\n<p>More nuance is needed here: the Pew report focuses solely on what mass media scholar Kristoffer Holt calls \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Right-Wing-Alternative-Media\/Holt\/p\/book\/9781032338200\">right-wing alternative media<\/a>.\u201d And in doing so, it misses a more democratic form of alternative media, what communication scholar Clemencia Rodr\u00edguez refers to as \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/1073260968\">citizens\u2019 social media<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And for all of us tired of both big tech and online trolling, citizens\u2019 social media is our way forward.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong>Robert W. Gehl is the Ontario Research Chair of Digital Governance for Social Justice at York University, Canada<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In early October, the Pew Research Center released a report called \u201cThe Role of Alternative Social Media in the News and Information Environment.\u201d While the report is well-researched and reveals a great deal about the current state of digital media, news and right-wing propaganda, it is wrong about alternative social media. The report focuses on [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/citizens-social-media-can-provide-an-antidote-to-propaganda-and-disinformation\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[434129],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-65441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-change","tag-citizens-social-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Citizens\u2019 social media can provide an antidote to propaganda and disinformation - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/citizens-social-media-can-provide-an-antidote-to-propaganda-and-disinformation\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Citizens\u2019 social media can provide an antidote to propaganda and disinformation - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In early October, the Pew Research Center released a report called \u201cThe Role of Alternative Social Media in the News and Information Environment.\u201d While the report is well-researched and reveals a great deal about the current state of digital media, news and right-wing propaganda, it is wrong about alternative social media. 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