{"id":65415,"date":"2022-10-24T00:10:25","date_gmt":"2022-10-24T04:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=65415"},"modified":"2022-10-30T19:30:29","modified_gmt":"2022-10-30T23:30:29","slug":"just-stop-oil-do-radical-protests-turn-the-public-away-from-a-cause-heres-the-evidence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/just-stop-oil-do-radical-protests-turn-the-public-away-from-a-cause-heres-the-evidence\/","title":{"rendered":"Just Stop Oil: do radical protests turn the public away from a cause? Here\u2019s the evidence"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Just-Stop-Oil23.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"455\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-65549\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Just-Stop-Oil23.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Just-Stop-Oil23-250x167.jpeg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Members of the protest group Just Stop Oil recently\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LJ-dr4xyMgk\">threw soup at Van Gogh\u2019s Sunflowers<\/a>\u00a0in the National Gallery in London. The action once again triggered debate about what kinds of protest are most effective.<\/p>\n<p>After a quick clean of the glass, the painting was back on display. But critics argued that the real damage had been done, by alienating the public from the cause itself (the demand that the UK government reverse its support for opening new oil and gas fields in the North Sea).<\/p>\n<p><center><\/center><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Right. They\u2019ve absolutely lost me. Forever. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/dmljY3yDni\">https:\/\/t.co\/dmljY3yDni<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Andrew Marr (@AndrewMarr9) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AndrewMarr9\/status\/1580879221656006656?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 14, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Supporters of more militant forms of protest often point to historical examples such as the suffragettes. In contrast with Just Stop Oil\u2019s action, when the suffragette Mary Richardson went to the National Gallery to attack a painting called The Rokeby Venus, she\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.le.ac.uk\/ojs1\/index.php\/mas\/article\/view\/92\">slashed the canvas<\/a>, causing major damage.<\/p>\n<p>However, many historians argue that the contribution of the suffragettes to women getting the vote was negligible or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.uk\/books\/edition\/State_and_Society_Fourth_Edition\/J7ivJo9phvkC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=%22militancy+clearly+damaged+the+cause.%E2%80%9C&amp;pg=PA152&amp;printsec=frontcover\">even<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.uk\/books\/edition\/The_Extension_of_the_Franchise_1832_1931\/a-Rd0iLobaEC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;pg=PA160&amp;printsec=frontcover\">counterproductive<\/a>. Such discussions often seem to rely on people\u2019s gut feelings about the impact of protest. But as a professor of cognitive psychology, I know that we don\u2019t have to rely on intuition \u2013 these are hypotheses that can be tested.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The activist\u2019s dilemma<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Matthew-Feinberg-2\/publication\/338562538_The_activist's_dilemma_Extreme_protest_actions_reduce_popular_support_for_social_movements\/links\/5ea5eff892851c1a90728bd5\/The-activists-dilemma-Extreme-protest-actions-reduce-popular-support-for-social-movements.pdf\">one set of experiments<\/a>\u00a0researchers showed people descriptions of protests and then measured their support for the protesters and the cause. Some participants read articles describing moderate protests such as peaceful marches. Others read articles describing more extreme and sometimes violent protests, for example a fictitious action in which animal rights activists drugged a security guard in order to break into a lab and remove animals.<\/p>\n<p>Protesters who undertook extreme actions were perceived to be more immoral, and participants reported lower levels of emotional connection and social identification with these \u201cextreme\u201d protesters. The effects of this kind of action on support for the cause were somewhat mixed (and negative effects may be specific to actions that incorporate the threat of violence).<\/p>\n<p>Overall, these results paint a picture of the so-called activist\u2019s dilemma: activists must choose between moderate actions that are largely ignored and more extreme actions that succeed in gaining attention, but may be counterproductive to their aims as they tend to make people think less of the protesters.<\/p>\n<p>Activists themselves tend to offer a different perspective: they say that accepting personal unpopularity is simply the price to be paid for the media attention they rely on to \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/michaelmezz\/status\/1582184473252098049?s=20&amp;t=dnnbkSRMmIo8_1wJuPlEMw\">get the conversation going<\/a>\u201d and win public support for the issue. But is this the right approach? Could activists be hurting their own cause?<\/p>\n<p><center><\/center><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">listen to her explain the Van Gogh soup protest.<\/p>\n<p>she\u2019s got a point, no? <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/cObcWNx8aP\">pic.twitter.com\/cObcWNx8aP<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 michael mezz (@michaelmezz) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/michaelmezz\/status\/1582184473252098049?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 18, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Hating protesters doesn\u2019t affect support<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>I\u2019ve conducted several experiments to answer such questions, often in collaboration with students at the University of Bristol. To influence participants\u2019 views of protesters we made use of a well-known framing effect whereby (even subtle) differences in how protests are reported have a pronounced impact, often serving to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Benjamin-Detenber-2\/publication\/229694828_Framing_Effects_of_Television_News_Coverage_of_Social_Protest\/links\/5f5777b692851c250b9d3036\/Framing-Effects-of-Television-News-Coverage-of-Social-Protest.pdf\">delegitimise the protest<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-11315449\/Just-Stop-Oil-activists-throw-tomato-soup-Van-Goghs-Sunflowers.html\">Daily Mail article<\/a>\u00a0reporting the Van Gogh protest referred to it as a \u201cstunt\u201d which is part of a \u201ccampaign of chaos\u201d by \u201crebellious eco-zealots\u201d. The article does not mention the protesters\u2019 demand.<\/p>\n<p>Our experiments took advantage of this framing effect to test the relationship between attitudes to the protesters themselves and to their cause. If the public\u2019s support for a cause depends on how they feel about the protesters, then a negative framing \u2013 which leads to less positive attitudes toward protesters \u2013 should result in lower levels of support for the demands.<\/p>\n<p>But that\u2019s not what we found. In fact, experimental manipulations that reduced support for the protesters had\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/brookes.cloud.panopto.eu\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=384ad6d2-e8c1-4f38-bb5f-af1e00e54fda\">no impact on support for the demands of those protesters<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019ve replicated this finding across a range of different types of nonviolent protest, including protests about racial justice, abortion rights and climate change, and across British, American and Polish participants (this work is being prepared for publication). When members of the public say, \u201cI agree with your cause, I just don\u2019t like your methods,\u201d we should take them at their word.<\/p>\n<p>Decreasing the extent to which the public identifies with you may not be helpful for building a mass movement. But high publicity actions may actually be a very effective way to increase recruitment, given relatively few people ever become activists. The existence of a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pnasnexus\/article\/1\/3\/pgac110\/6633666?login=false#369463521\">radical flank<\/a>\u00a0also seems to increase support for more moderate factions of a social movement, by making these factions appear less radical.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Protest can set the agenda<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Another concern may be that most of the attention obtained by radical actions is not about the issue, focusing instead on what the protesters did. However, even where this is true, the public conversation opens up the space for some discussion of the issue itself.<\/p>\n<p>Protest plays a role in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/american-political-science-review\/article\/agenda-seeding-how-1960s-black-protests-moved-elites-public-opinion-and-voting\/136610C8C040C3D92F041BB2EFC3034C\">agenda seeding<\/a>. It doesn\u2019t necessarily tell people what to think, but influences what they think about. Last year\u2019s Insulate Britain protests are a good example. In the months after the protests began on September 13 2021, the number of mentions of the word \u201cinsulation\u201d (not \u201cInsulate\u201d) in UK print media doubled.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65417\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65417\" class=\"size-full wp-image-65417\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/insulationuse.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/insulationuse.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/insulationuse-250x159.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65417\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spot when the Insulate Britain protests began. (Author\u2019s own research, using Factiva database to search UK broadsheet and tabloid newspapers) Colin Davis, Author provided<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Some people don\u2019t investigate the details of an issue, yet media attention may nevertheless promote the issue in their mind. A YouGov poll released in early June 2019 showed \u201cthe environment\u201d ranked in the public\u2019s top three most important issues for the first time.<\/p>\n<p>Pollsters\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/yougov.co.uk\/topics\/politics\/articles-reports\/2019\/06\/05\/concern-environment-record-highs\">concluded<\/a>\u00a0that the \u201csudden surge in concern is undoubtedly boosted by the publicity raised for the environmental cause by Extinction Rebellion\u201d (which had recently occupied prominent sites in central London for two weeks). There\u2019s also evidence that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/boris-johnson-hatches-plan-to-insulate-britons-against-winter-bills-vg7xdjg3h\">home insulation has risen up the policy agenda<\/a>\u00a0since Insulate Britain\u2019s protests.<\/p>\n<p>Dramatic protest isn\u2019t going away. Protagonists will continue to be the subject of (mostly) negative media attention, which will lead to widespread public disapproval. But when we look at public support for the protesters\u2019 demands, there isn\u2019t any compelling evidence for nonviolent protest being counterproductive. People may \u201cshoot the messenger\u201d, but they do \u2013 at least, sometimes \u2013 hear the message.<\/p>\n<p><em>A<strong>uthor Bio:<\/strong> Colin Davis is Chair in Cognitive Psychology at the University of Bristol<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Members of the protest group Just Stop Oil recently\u00a0threw soup at Van Gogh\u2019s Sunflowers\u00a0in the National Gallery in London. The action once again triggered debate about what kinds of protest are most effective. After a quick clean of the glass, the painting was back on display. But critics argued that the real damage had been [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/just-stop-oil-do-radical-protests-turn-the-public-away-from-a-cause-heres-the-evidence\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[136906],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-65415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-change","tag-protesting"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Just Stop Oil: do radical protests turn the public away from a cause? 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