{"id":65103,"date":"2022-10-05T00:19:59","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T04:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=65103"},"modified":"2022-10-05T00:19:59","modified_gmt":"2022-10-05T04:19:59","slug":"nobel-prizes-most-often-go-to-researchers-who-defy-specialization-winners-are-creative-thinkers-who-synthesize-innovations-from-varied-fields-and-even-hobbies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/nobel-prizes-most-often-go-to-researchers-who-defy-specialization-winners-are-creative-thinkers-who-synthesize-innovations-from-varied-fields-and-even-hobbies\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobel prizes most often go to researchers who defy specialization \u2013 winners are creative thinkers who synthesize innovations from varied fields and even hobbies"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Experts often recommend that people\u00a0specialize in one field of work<\/a>\u00a0or research to\u00a0maximize their chances of success<\/a>. Yet our recently published research indicates that successful innovators take a broader path.<\/p>\n

We looked at the careers of\u00a0Nobel Prize winners<\/a>, who are arguably among the most innovative people in the world. We found that they are\u00a0unusually likely<\/a>\u00a0to be what we call \u201ccreative polymaths.\u201d That is, they\u00a0purposely integrate formal and informal expertise<\/a>\u00a0from widely varied disciplines to yield new and useful ideas and practices.<\/p>\n

In fact, the testimony of science laureates who were students of previous laureates suggests that creative polymathy is a skill that can be learned. We have written about some of these in our books \u201cDiscovering<\/a>\u201d and \u201cSparks of Genius<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Many of these laureates discover problems by looking at topics in new ways, or they solve them by transferring skills, techniques and materials from one field to another. They often use\u00a0conceptual tools<\/a>\u00a0such as making analogies, pattern recognition, body thinking, playacting and modeling. In one notable example,\u00a0Alexis Carrel<\/a>\u00a0won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by adapting lace-making and embroidery\u00a0techniques to transplant surgery<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A psychologist, inventor and economist<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Herbert Simon won the Nobel Prize in economics in 1978 for \u201chis pioneering research into\u00a0the decision-making process within economic organizations<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

He was a professor in\u00a0several departments at Carnegie Mellon University<\/a>. His colleagues often called him a \u201cRenaissance man<\/a>\u201d because of his vast range of interests and wide-ranging curiosity. Over the course of his career, he made major contributions to the study of computer science, artificial intelligence, psychology and philosophy, as well as economics.<\/p>\n

Beyond Simon\u2019s scholarly work, his additional interests included\u00a0piano playing, musical composition<\/a>, drawing, painting and chess.<\/p>\n

He often referred to the intellectual excitement, emotional pleasure and novel insights he derived from integrating his many hobbies with his work.<\/p>\n

\u201cI can rationalize any activity I engage in<\/a>\u00a0as simply another form of research on cognition,\u201d he declared in his 1996 autobiography. He went on to add, \u201cI can always view my hobbies<\/a>\u00a0as part of my research.\u201d<\/p>\n

A geneticist, illustrator and cookbook author<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\"\"

Christiane N\u00fcsslein-Volhard, the 1995 Nobel Prize winner in physics. Marijan Murat\/picture alliance via Getty Images<\/p><\/div>\n

Christiane N\u00fcsslein-Volhard combined an equally diverse range of skills to win the 1995 Nobel Prize in physiology \u2013 or medicine \u2013 which was awarded for her \u201cdiscoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019m very curious and I like to understand things<\/a>,\u201d she said in a 2003 interview, \u201cand not only science \u2026 I also did music and I did languages and literature and so on.\u201d<\/p>\n

That included forays as an\u00a0illustrator, puzzle designer and author<\/a>\u00a0of a best-selling cookbook.<\/p>\n

As a science student, N\u00fcsslein-Volhard proved equally broad-minded, trying physics, physical chemistry and biochemistry before settling on embryology. Her many professional and personal interests proved useful in coming up with new questions and techniques, and in order to produce novel results. She\u00a0advises scholars to become similarly broad and idiosyncratic<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In a 2017 interview, she said, \u201cYou should, as far as possible, avoid mainstream areas<\/a>\u00a0and change fields after your Ph.D. in order to be able to develop an independent profile and work on an original, self-selected topic.\u201d<\/p>\n

The importance of creative polymathy<\/strong><\/h4>\n

We have found that Carrel, N\u00fcsslein-Volhard and Simon are typical of Nobel Prize winners \u2013 but not at all typical of most professionals. As part of\u00a0our creativity research<\/a>\u00a0over the past 20 years, we have gathered information about the work, hobbies and interests of 773 laureates in economics, literature, peace, physics, chemistry and physiology or medicine between 1901 and 2008.<\/p>\n

We found that the vast majority of laureates have or had formal \u2013 and often also informal \u2013 education in\u00a0more than one discipline<\/a>, developed intensive and extensive hobbies and changed fields. Most importantly, we found, they have\u00a0intentionally sought out useful connections<\/a>\u00a0among their diverse activities as a formal strategy for stimulating creativity.<\/p>\n

Our analysis finds that scientists who win a Nobel Prize are about\u00a0nine times more likely<\/a>\u00a0to have training in crafts such as wood- and metalworking or fine arts than the typical scientist.<\/p>\n

And unlike most social scientists or other students of the humanities,\u00a0Nobel laureates in economics<\/a>\u00a0are almost universally trained in mathematics, physics or astronomy. Nobel Prize winners in literature are about\u00a0three times as likely<\/a>\u00a0to be fine artists and 20 times as likely to be actors than members of the general public.<\/p>\n

In sharp contrast to\u00a0typical professionals<\/a>\u00a0who\u00a0view their hobbies as irrelevant<\/a>\u00a0or even detrimental to their work, Nobel laureates perceive their varied interests and hobbies as important stimulants.<\/p>\n

As playwright and actor Dario Fo, winner of the 1997 Nobel for literature, and also a painter, put it in an interview: \u201cSometimes I draw my plays<\/a>\u00a0before I write them, and other times, when I\u2019m having difficulty with a play, I stop writing so that I can draw out the action in pictures to solve the problem.\u201d<\/p>\n

We have found that most Nobel laureates have made equivalent statements.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Leonardo da Vinci, depicted on this medallion, was a famous polymath during the European Renaissance. Universal History Archive\/Universal Images Group via Getty Images<\/p><\/div>\n

Fostering creative polymathy<\/strong><\/h4>\n

We believe it is possible to foster the fruitful interaction of wide-ranging interests. One study found that\u00a0people who double major in college<\/a>\u00a0are more likely to exhibit creative behaviors or become entrepreneurs than people who majored in one subject.<\/p>\n

Another research study found that\u00a0having a persistent, intellectually challenging hobby<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 such as musical performance, acting, visual art exhibition, competitive chess or computer programming \u2013 is a better predictor of career success in any field than are grades, standardized test scores or IQ. Similarly, our own research has found that\u00a0science professionals with persistent crafts hobbies<\/a>\u00a0are significantly\u00a0more likely to file patents<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0set up new companies<\/a>\u00a0than those without.<\/p>\n

In our view, an increasingly complex and diverse world needs not only specialized experts but also creative generalists \u2013 the polymathic types who specialize in the breadth and integration that drive knowledge beyond what people already believe is possible.<\/p>\n

Author Bios:<\/strong> Robert Root-Bernstein is a Professor of Physiology and Michele Root-Bernstein is an Adjunct Professor of Theater both at Michigan State University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Experts often recommend that people\u00a0specialize in one field of work\u00a0or research to\u00a0maximize their chances of success. Yet our recently published research indicates that successful innovators take a broader path. We looked at the careers of\u00a0Nobel Prize winners, who are arguably among the most innovative people in the world. We found that they are\u00a0unusually likely\u00a0to be […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86115],"tags":[433653],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-65103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research","tag-polymathy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNobel prizes most often go to researchers who defy specialization \u2013 winners are creative thinkers who synthesize innovations from varied fields and even hobbies - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/nobel-prizes-most-often-go-to-researchers-who-defy-specialization-winners-are-creative-thinkers-who-synthesize-innovations-from-varied-fields-and-even-hobbies\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nobel prizes most often go to researchers who defy specialization \u2013 winners are creative thinkers who synthesize innovations from varied fields and even hobbies - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Experts often recommend that people\u00a0specialize in one field of work\u00a0or research to\u00a0maximize their chances of success. 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