{"id":65028,"date":"2022-09-30T15:51:46","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T19:51:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=65028"},"modified":"2022-09-30T15:51:46","modified_gmt":"2022-09-30T19:51:46","slug":"national-education-what-is-the-college-sick-of","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/national-education-what-is-the-college-sick-of\/","title":{"rendered":"National education: what is the college sick of?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nSince the creation of the\u00a0\u201csingle college\u201d<\/a>\u00a0in 1975, the college has regularly appeared as the \u201cmissing link\u201d of the education system.\u00a0Although it has been off the political and media radar for the past five years, the new Minister of National Education, Pap Ndiaye, has just brought it back to the fore, declaring\u00a0in an interview with Midi Libre<\/em><\/a>\u00a0on September 18 that we “must now to attack the college because it is the sick man of the educational system\u201d.<\/p>\n

As sick symptoms, he mainly mentioned the results of the pupils in mathematics and languages.\u00a0Which does not fail to surprise, because even if the results are indeed not good, it is not the first time that we can see it, far from it.\u00a0But, in the past, these results at the college level have not aroused many emotions or reactions, unlike those in reading,\u00a0spelling<\/a>\u00a0or history at the primary level which have repeatedly hit the headlines. .<\/p>\n

Should we see in this new interest, for mathematics, the return effect of passionate diatribes on the new place of mathematics during the reform of high schools?\u00a0And, for languages, would there be a link with the announcement, last July, that the assessment of\u00a0foreign language skills<\/a>\u00a0would become an option in\u00a0the international PISA study<\/a>\u00a0from 2025 \u00a0?<\/p>\n

Still, this evocation of the “college, sick man of the education system”, has again agitated those who consider the “single college” under the prism of an “autoimmune” disease, to be condemned without appeal and on principle, and those \u2013 very different \u2013 \u200b\u200bwho rather think that the\u00a0\u201csingle college\u201d<\/a>\u00a0was not really set up in a coherent way, and until the end of the project.\u00a0For some, this creation had no place to exist, and it should be suppressed.\u00a0For the others, creation has not gone far enough in its logic and it would on the contrary be necessary to deepen and consolidate it, or even to refound it because they suffer from a congenital disease.<\/p>\n

Dated reviews<\/strong><\/h4>\n

It was the President of the Republic Val\u00e9ry Giscard d’Estaing who wanted this college against all odds;\u00a0even against everyone, starting with some of his relatives.\u00a0As early as July 25, 1974, he publicly declared:
\n\u201cThe first objective is to raise the level of knowledge and culture of the French [\u2026].\u00a0We can ask ourselves the question of knowing if, alongside the obligation of schooling until the age of sixteen, we should not imagine another obligation which would be to give each Frenchwoman and each Frenchman a minimum knowledge.<\/em>
\nBut the expressions “minimum knowledge” or “minimum knowledge” used by Val\u00e9ry Giscard d’Estaing are quickly understood or returned by political or union oppositions in the sense of “minimizing knowledge”.\u00a0Even some of his relatives are distinguished by their principled opposition to the “single college”, in very virulent terms.\u00a0Jean-Marie Benoist, yet a UDF candidate (Giscard d’Estaing’s party) in the 1978 legislative elections, accused in a book entitled\u00a0The Sacrificial Generation<\/em><\/a>\u00a0of this reform of “moving towards the reign of uniformity, worthy of popular democracies [ \u2026].\u00a0This results in the guilt of all aristocratism, of all elitism in knowledge: to shorten what exceeds, what excels, that is the watchword\u201d.<\/p>\n

Paul Guth, Giscard d’Estaing’s literature teacher in ninth grade, joined in the chorus of irrevocable condemnations in his\u00a0Open letter to future illiterates<\/em><\/a>\u00a0, also published in 1980, going so far as to accuse the reform of “washing of brain\u201d.\u00a0It was Fran\u00e7ois Bayrou, yet one of the main lieutenants of Val\u00e9ry Giscard d’Estaing in the UDF and Minister of National Education for \u00c9douard Balladur, then Jacques Chirac, who launched the slogan:\u00a0“single college, iniquitous college”<\/a>\u00a0at the start of the 1993 school year, and the watchword “to move from “college for all” to “college for everyone”.<\/p>\n

[\u00a0More than 80,000 readers trust The Conversation newsletter to better understand the world’s major issues<\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0Subscribe today<\/a>\u00a0]<\/p>\n

In short, there is a whole past and a liability of diatribes which present the unique college as intrinsically “sick”, of an “autoimmune disease” in a way.\u00a0Are these references that Pap Ndiaye has in mind?\u00a0Or does the disease metaphor refer to the feeling that the creation of the \u201cone college\u201d was a failure?\u00a0The main promoter of the “single college”, Val\u00e9ry Giscard d’Estaing, is himself clearly\u00a0aware of this original failure<\/a>\u00a0, in his words in an interview with\u00a0Le Monde<\/em>\u00a0in 2001:
\n\u201cEveryone had to go to college, and all colleges had to be the same. [\u2026].\u00a0The debate must focus on this question: what knowledge to give to this group of young people, who constitute a common cultural asset [\u2026].\u00a0Instead of having reduced all the education of the colleges towards general education, bringing them closer to the classes from the 6th to the 3rd of the high schools of the past, in a little degraded, it would have been better to make a new stage of the construction of the school cycle\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Skills base<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Twenty years later, there has been some progress in the direction of the single college desired by VGE.\u00a0The\u00a0Higher Council for Programs<\/a>\u00a0set up by the Minister of National Education Vincent Peillon in October 2013 was the linchpin of a definition of the “common base of knowledge, skills and culture”, then of the revision of a single holding programs from the beginning of primary school\u00a0until the end of college<\/a>\u00a0, under the ministry headed by Najat Vallaud-Belkacem.<\/p>\n

But this progress had its limits.\u00a0On the one hand, because most of the time there has not been a precise definition of how to assess what should be acquired by the pupils as a priority.\u00a0On the other hand, because the question of the \u201ccollege link\u201d remained in fact dormant throughout the five years of Jean-Michel Blanquer\u2019s ministry that followed.<\/p>\n

Moreover, and many years before, the question of who should supervise the students of the “single college” was in fact decided in favor of the only high school teachers who imposed themselves in a fierce struggle at the end of the 1980s, with the related corollary that the college remains (if not in fact, at least according to an implicit ideal) in the cultural reference of the first cycle of the old high schools – that is to say a “small high school”, instead of being the last ad hoc cycle of compulsory schooling extended to 16 years.\u00a0The body of teachers from upper primary (the “complementary course teachers” or\u00a0“PEGC”<\/a>, which existed in the “secondary education college”, created in 1963) was phased out from 1988. And there was no thought of resorting to the model of the teaching staff of technological or vocational high schools.<\/p>\n

There are therefore problems of continuity: on the one hand between the end of primary school and the start of middle school, and on the other hand from the end of middle school to the effective entry into the plurality of high schools.\u00a0Faced with this relative imbroglio, we most often think of more organizational than structural arrangements.\u00a0And it still is.<\/p>\n

Experiments in consultation<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The main parent organization \u2013 the FCPE \u2013 wants sixth and fifth graders to have\u00a0no more than four teachers<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0The second union of secondary school teachers \u2013 the SNALC \u2013 proposes a\u00a0\u201cmodular\u201d college<\/a>\u00a0where students would be grouped according to the difficulties in certain subjects.\u00a0During the presidential campaign, Emmanuel Macron indicated that the sixth grade should be made\u00a0“an effective link with the primary school”<\/a>\u00a0from the start of the 2023 school year.<\/p>\n

Experiments are in progress, in particular in six colleges of the Academy of Amiens in the form of\u00a0\u201csixth springboard\u201d<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Students in difficulty have additional sequences in mathematics or French.\u00a0Links with primary school are strengthened: school teachers can even intervene in middle school.<\/p>\n

From the fifth, should begin an experiment of a “half-day” per week of\u00a0“discovery of the trades”<\/a>\u00a0(a measure appearing in the presidential program of Emmanuel Macron), in the form in particular of company visits and vocational high schools, mini-internships.<\/p>\n

These experiments could be multiplied within the framework of the major consultation campaign which must be carried out this autumn in the establishments in liaison with their local partners with a view to innovative local projects (a budget of 500 million euros being dedicated to them at the national level ).\u00a0It should be noted that within the ministry it is not excluded to evaluate existing programs and see if they need to be transformed.\u00a0But in what sense?<\/p>\n

Author Bio: <\/strong>Claude Lelievre is Teacher-Researcher in the History of Education, Honorary Professor at Paris-Descartes, Paris Cit\u00e9 University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Since the creation of the\u00a0\u201csingle college\u201d\u00a0in 1975, the college has regularly appeared as the \u201cmissing link\u201d of the education system.\u00a0Although it has been off the political and media radar for the past five years, the new Minister of National Education, Pap Ndiaye, has just brought it back to the fore, declaring\u00a0in an interview with Midi […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[7995],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-65028","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","tag-college-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNational education: what is the college sick of? - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/national-education-what-is-the-college-sick-of\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"National education: what is the college sick of? 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