{"id":64669,"date":"2022-09-06T00:06:02","date_gmt":"2022-09-06T04:06:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=64669"},"modified":"2022-09-06T00:06:02","modified_gmt":"2022-09-06T04:06:02","slug":"the-most-important-cryptocurrency-event-in-years-is-about-to-begin-and-the-biggest-windfall-goes-to-the-planet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/the-most-important-cryptocurrency-event-in-years-is-about-to-begin-and-the-biggest-windfall-goes-to-the-planet\/","title":{"rendered":"The most important cryptocurrency event in years is about to begin \u2013 and the biggest windfall goes to the planet"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Amid the continuous noise about cryptocurrencies, it\u2019s often hard to pick out what really matters. However this month, if all goes to plan, the energy-hungry digital sector will undergo its biggest shake-up in years.<\/p>\n

Ethereum, the world\u2019s second largest cryptocurrency, is tomorrow\u00a0expected<\/a>\u00a0to start a technology changeover which, once complete, should cause its carbon emissions to\u00a0plummet by 99%<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The rapid growth in cryptocurrencies in recent years has been staggering. Unfortunately, so too has been their contribution to climate change, due to the enormous amount of electricity used by computers that manage the buying and selling of crypto coins.<\/p>\n

Take, for example, the world\u2019s biggest cryptocurrency, Bitcoin. At a time when the world is desperately trying to reduce energy consumption, Bitcoin uses more energy each year than medium-sized nations such as\u00a0Argentina<\/a>. If the Ethereum switch succeeds, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies will be under immense pressure to deal with this problem.<\/p>\n

Why are cryptocurrencies so polluting?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Cryptocurrencies are digital currency systems in which people make direct online payments to each other.<\/p>\n

Unlike traditional currencies, cryptocurrencies are not managed from a single location such as a central bank. Instead, they\u2019re managed by a \u201cblockchain\u201d: a decentralised global network of high-powered computers. These computers are known as \u201cminers\u201d.<\/p>\n

The Reserve Bank of Australia\u00a0provides<\/a>\u00a0this simple explanation of how it all works (edited for brevity):
\nSuppose Alice wants to transfer one unit of cryptocurrency to Bob. Alice starts the transaction by sending an electronic message with her instructions to the network, where all users can see the message.<\/em><\/p>\n

The transaction sits with a group of other recent transactions waiting to be compiled into a block (or group) of the most recent transactions. The information from the block is turned into a cryptographic code and miners compete to solve the code to add the new block of transactions to the blockchain.<\/p>\n

Once a miner successfully solves the code, other users of the network check the solution and reach an agreement that it\u2019s valid. The new block of transactions is added to the end of the blockchain, and Alice\u2019s transaction is confirmed.
\nThis process, used by most cryptocurrencies, is termed \u201cproof-of-work mining\u201d. The central design feature is the use of calculations which require a lot of computer time \u2013 and huge amounts of electricity \u2013 to perform.<\/p>\n

Bitcoin alone consumes around\u00a0150 terawatt-hours<\/a>\u00a0of electricity each year. Producing that energy emits some 65 million tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere annually \u2014 about the same emissions as Greece.<\/p>\n

Research<\/a>\u00a0suggests Bitcoin last year produced emissions responsible for around 19,000 future deaths.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Author provided<\/p><\/div>\n

The proof-of-work approach intentionally wastes energy. The data in a blockchain has no inherent meaning. Its sole purpose is to record difficult, but pointless, calculations which provide a basis for allocating new crypto coins.<\/p>\n

Cryptocurrency advocates have given a variety of excuses for the monstrous energy consumption, but none stand up to scrutiny.<\/p>\n

Some, for example, seek to justify cryptocurrency\u2019s carbon footprint by saying some miners use renewable energy. That may be true, but in doing so they can\u00a0displace<\/a>\u00a0other potential energy users \u2013 some of whom will have to use coal- or gas-fired power.<\/p>\n

But now, the most successful of Bitcoin\u2019s rivals, Ethereum, is changing tack. This month it promises to switch its computing technology to something far less polluting.<\/p>\n

What the switch is about<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ethereum\u2019s project involves ditching the \u201cproof of work\u201d model for a new one called \u201cproof of stake\u201d.<\/p>\n

Under this model, crypto transactions are validated by users, who stake substantial quantities of blockchain tokens (in this case, Ethereum coins) as collateral. If the users act dishonestly, they lose their stake.<\/p>\n

Importantly, it will mean the vast network of supercomputers currently used to check transactions will no longer be required, because users themselves are doing the checking \u2013 a relatively easy task. Doing away with the computer \u201cminers\u201d will lead to an estimated 99% drop in Ethereum\u2019s electricity use.<\/p>\n

Some smaller cryptocurrencies \u2013 such as the Ada coin traded on the Cardano platform \u2013 use \u201cproof of stake\u201d but it\u2019s been confined to the margins to date.<\/p>\n

For the past year, Ethereum has been\u00a0running<\/a>\u00a0the new model on experimental blockchains. But this month, the model will be merged into the main platform.<\/p>\n

\"\"

The new Ethereum model would dispense with the need for a global network of energy-sucking computers. Lui Xingzhe\/EPA<\/p><\/div>\n

Nowhere for cryptocurrency to hide<\/strong><\/h4>\n

So what does all this mean? The Ethereum experiment could fail \u2013 if, say, some stakeholders find ways to manipulate the system. But if the switch does succeed, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies will be under pressure to abandon the proof-of-work model, or else shut down.<\/p>\n

This pressure has already begun. Tesla founder Elon Musk\u2019s\u00a0last year announced<\/a>\u00a0his company would no longer accept Bitcoin payment for its electric cars, due to the currency\u2019s carbon footprint.<\/p>\n

The New York state legislature in June\u00a0passed a bill<\/a>\u00a0to ban some Bitcoin operations that use carbon-based power. (However, the decision requires sign off from New York\u2019s governor and may be vetoed).<\/p>\n

And in March this year, the European parliament voted on a proposal to ban the proof-of-work model. The proposal was\u00a0defeated<\/a>. But as Europe heads into the cooler months, and grapples with an energy crisis triggered by sanctions on Russian gas supplies, energy-guzzling cryptocurrencies will remain in the firing line.<\/p>\n

One thing is clear: as the need to slash global emissions becomes ever more pressing, cryptocurrencies will run out of excuses for their egregious energy use.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> John Quiggin is Professor, School of Economics at The University of Queensland<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Amid the continuous noise about cryptocurrencies, it\u2019s often hard to pick out what really matters. However this month, if all goes to plan, the energy-hungry digital sector will undergo its biggest shake-up in years. Ethereum, the world\u2019s second largest cryptocurrency, is tomorrow\u00a0expected\u00a0to start a technology changeover which, once complete, should cause its carbon emissions to\u00a0plummet […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[128],"tags":[197449],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-64669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environment","tag-cryptocurrencies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe most important cryptocurrency event in years is about to begin \u2013 and the biggest windfall goes to the planet - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/the-most-important-cryptocurrency-event-in-years-is-about-to-begin-and-the-biggest-windfall-goes-to-the-planet\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The most important cryptocurrency event in years is about to begin \u2013 and the biggest windfall goes to the planet - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Amid the continuous noise about cryptocurrencies, it\u2019s often hard to pick out what really matters. 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