{"id":64065,"date":"2022-07-25T01:19:52","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T05:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=64065"},"modified":"2022-07-25T01:19:52","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T05:19:52","slug":"suburban-living-did-turn-women-into-robots-why-feminist-horror-novel-the-stepford-wives-is-still-relevant-50-years-on","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/suburban-living-did-turn-women-into-robots-why-feminist-horror-novel-the-stepford-wives-is-still-relevant-50-years-on\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Suburban living did turn women into robots\u2019: why feminist horror novel The Stepford Wives is still relevant, 50 years on"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-64066\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Stepford-Wives.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"780\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Stepford-Wives.jpg 780w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Stepford-Wives-250x141.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>On August 26 1970, 50,000 women marched down Fifth Avenue in New York City in a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/4008060\/women-strike-equality-1970\/\">Women\u2019s Strike<\/a>. Organised by feminist activist Betty Friedan, the march highlighted the fact women still performed the vast majority of domestic work.<\/p>\n<p>The Women\u2019s Liberation Movement wanted many things in 1970, but one of the most important was freedom from \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/subscriber\/article\/0,33009,876783-1,00.html\">unpaid domestic servitude at home<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Half a century later, most women are still waiting for their freedom. Women still do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/yet-again-the-census-shows-women-are-doing-more-housework-now-is-the-time-to-invest-in-interventions-185488\">far more<\/a>\u00a0domestic and care labour than men.<\/p>\n<p>Since the 1960s, more and more women have taken up paid employment, but a problem remains: how would their unpaid domestic work be replaced?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-64067\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/wifesstrike.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/wifesstrike.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/wifesstrike-250x199.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Dramatising women\u2019s suburban alienation<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ira Levin\u2019s novel\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hachette.com.au\/ira-levin\/the-stepford-wives-introduction-by-chuck-palanhiuk\">The Stepford Wives<\/a>\u00a0offered a bleak answer: women themselves would be replaced. Levin powerfully dramatised women\u2019s suburban alienation and men\u2019s resistance to feminist change.<\/p>\n<p>The Stepford Wives begins with Joanna Eberhart, a wife, mother and photographer, who moves with her family from Manhattan to the suburban town of Stepford. She is interested in tennis, photography and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/a-human-being-not-just-mum-the-womens-liberationists-who-fought-for-the-rights-of-mothers-and-children-182057\">women\u2019s liberation<\/a>. Joanna and her husband Walter have a happy, respectful marriage. Yet Walter joins the mysterious Stepford Men\u2019s Association, where the men of the town spend their evenings.<\/p>\n<p>Joanna finds it hard to make friends in their new home: all the women of Stepford are too busy cooking and cleaning. In the 1975 film adaptation (directed by Bryan Forbes, with a screenplay by William Goldman), Joanna and her only friend, fellow newcomer Bobbie, begin a consciousness-raising group \u2013 designed to raise women\u2019s feminist awareness \u2013 which is derailed by an intense discussion of the merits of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GjtM8XhcA-M\">Easy-On Spray Starch<\/a>.<br \/>\n<center><iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GjtM8XhcA-M\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>The women of Stepford transform into glassy-eyed housewives within months of arriving. Watching one of them admiring her washing, \u201clike an actress in a commercial\u201d, Joanna thinks<br \/>\n<em>That\u2019s what they all were, all the Stepford wives: actresses in commercials, pleased with detergents and floor wax, with cleansers, shampoos, and deodorants. Pretty actresses, big in the bosom but small in the talent, playing suburban housewives unconvincingly, too nicey-nice to be real.<\/em><br \/>\nJoanna and Bobbie realise, with mounting horror, that the Stepford women have literally been replaced by robots, in a scheme masterminded by their husbands \u2013 and they too, will be similarly transformed. Bobbie is first. She tells Joanna<br \/>\n<em>I realised I was being awfully sloppy and self-indulgent. [\u2026] I\u2019ve decided to do my job conscientiously, the way Dave does his.<\/em><br \/>\nThe women\u2019s personalities have been erased, but their families don\u2019t seem to mind \u2013 Bobbie\u2019s son is delighted because his mother now makes hot breakfasts, while the husbands are thrilled because their \u201cnew\u201d wives love sex and housework.<\/p>\n<p>Fearful that she \u201cwon\u2019t be me next summer\u201d, Joanne realises Walter has also changed. He tells her the women of Stepford have changed only<br \/>\n<em>because they realised they\u2019d been lazy and negligent [\u2026] It wouldn\u2019t hurt you to look in a mirror once in a while.<\/em><br \/>\nJoanna agrees to see a psychiatrist, who prescribes her a sedative. But soon after, her voice vanishes from the novel, as she too has been transformed. At the story\u2019s close, Joanna is gliding slowly through a supermarket, telling an acquaintance that she no longer does photography because \u201chousework\u2019s enough for me\u201d.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>An extraordinary feminist horror novel<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The Stepford Wives is an extraordinary feminist\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/friday-essay-scary-tales-for-scary-times-181597\">horror<\/a>\u00a0novel. Its vision of a group of men who engineer housework-loving robots to replace their restless wives offered not only a satire of male fears of women\u2019s liberation, but a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-is-heteropessimism-and-why-do-men-and-women-suffer-from-it-182288\">savage view of heterosexual marriage<\/a>. In this telling, a man would rather kill his wife and replace her with a robot than commit to equality and recognise her as a whole person.<\/p>\n<p>Sarah Marshall, co-host of the podcast\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/the-stepford-wives\/id1380008439?i=1000488996114\">You\u2019re Wrong About<\/a>, argued the novel dramatised a real problem of the 1960s and 1970s: suburban living\u00a0<em>did<\/em>\u00a0transform women into robots. Tranquillisers like\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/weekly-dose-valium-the-safer-choice-that-led-to-dependence-and-addiction-59824\">valium<\/a>\u00a0were massively over-prescribed for women who were suffering from \u201csuburban neurosis\u201d, both in Australia and the US.<\/p>\n<p>The extraordinary 1977 Australian documentary\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=K8n50REW3Rw\">All In The Same Boat<\/a>\u00a0suggested suburban women had to take drugs to cope because their husbands refused to shoulder their share of the burdens of home and family. In short, what was happening to the women of Stepford was happening to women everywhere. They were losing their identities in a sea of endless\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/we-can-we-reduce-gender-inequality-in-housework-heres-how-58130\">domestic labour<\/a>.<br \/>\n<center><iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/K8n50REW3Rw\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Joanna\u2019s bafflement at her neighbours\u2019 absorption in domestic chores echoed the feelings of many women of the era. Betty Friedan\u2019s The Feminine Mystique resonated with so many white women in the 1960s because it articulated their dissatisfaction with the postwar gender order. Friedan declared:<br \/>\n<em>we can no longer ignore that voice within women that says: \u2018I want something more than my husband and my children and my house.\u2019<\/em><br \/>\nLike many who joined women\u2019s liberation, Joanna also wanted something\u00a0<em>more<\/em>. The novel made it clear that \u201cmore\u201d would be difficult for many women.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>From post-feminism to Get Out: cultural influence<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>It is telling that in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/view\/10.1093\/oi\/authority.20110803100339445\">post-feminist<\/a>\u00a02004, the Joanna in the Frank Oz film remake of The Stepford Wives is not a woman seeking liberation, but a TV network president who creates crass\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/humilitainment-the-sorry-story-of-reality-tv-32571\">reality TV<\/a>\u00a0programs. Women\u2019s liberation had been transformed into\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/friday-essay-the-personal-is-now-commercial-popular-feminism-online-79930\">corporate feminism<\/a>, and the engineer of the scheme was not the Stepford Men\u2019s Association, but an exhausted career woman who wants to return to a \u201csimpler\u201d life. The remake took a feminist premise and made an anti-feminist film.<br \/>\n<cener><iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SuAADocdVn0\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Despite the dismal failure of the 2004 film, The Stepford Wives left a significant cultural footprint. The term itself entered the vernacular. Filmmaker Jordan Peele cited The Stepford Wives as a key influence on his horror film\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt5052448\/\">Get Out<\/a>, also set in white suburbia. And Alex Garland\u2019s 2014 film\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0470752\/\">Ex Machina<\/a>, centred on a lifelike female robot who turns on her creator, was a biting critique of tech bro misogyny.<\/p>\n<p>In a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us-supreme-court-overturns-roe-v-wade-but-for-abortion-opponents-this-is-just-the-beginning-185768\">post-Roe v Wade<\/a>\u00a0world, where many men still seek to control women\u2019s bodies and curtail their imaginations, Levin\u2019s novel remains as chilling as ever.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bios: <\/strong>Michelle Arrow is Professor of History at Macquarie University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On August 26 1970, 50,000 women marched down Fifth Avenue in New York City in a\u00a0Women\u2019s Strike. Organised by feminist activist Betty Friedan, the march highlighted the fact women still performed the vast majority of domestic work. The Women\u2019s Liberation Movement wanted many things in 1970, but one of the most important was freedom from [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/suburban-living-did-turn-women-into-robots-why-feminist-horror-novel-the-stepford-wives-is-still-relevant-50-years-on\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[429953],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-64065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-change","tag-womens-liberation-movement"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u2018Suburban living did turn women into robots\u2019: why feminist horror novel The Stepford Wives is still relevant, 50 years on - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/suburban-living-did-turn-women-into-robots-why-feminist-horror-novel-the-stepford-wives-is-still-relevant-50-years-on\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Suburban living did turn women into robots\u2019: why feminist horror novel The Stepford Wives is still relevant, 50 years on - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On August 26 1970, 50,000 women marched down Fifth Avenue in New York City in a\u00a0Women\u2019s Strike. 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