{"id":64017,"date":"2022-07-22T02:29:03","date_gmt":"2022-07-22T06:29:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=64017"},"modified":"2022-07-22T02:29:03","modified_gmt":"2022-07-22T06:29:03","slug":"push-for-ai-innovation-can-create-dangerous-products","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/push-for-ai-innovation-can-create-dangerous-products\/","title":{"rendered":"Push for AI innovation can create dangerous products"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

This past June, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced a probe into Tesla\u2019s<\/a>\u00a0autopilot software. Data gathered from 16 crashes raised concerns over the possibility that Tesla\u2019s AI may be programmed to quit when a crash is imminent. This way, the car\u2019s driver, not the manufacturer, would be legally liable at the moment of impact.<\/p>\n

It echoes the revelation that Uber\u2019s self-driving car, which hit and killed a woman, detected her six seconds before impact. But the\u00a0AI was not programmed<\/a>\u00a0to recognize pedestrians outside of designated crosswalks. Why? Because jaywalkers are not legally there.<\/p>\n

Some believe these stories are proof that our concept of liability needs to change. To them, unimpeded continuous innovation and widespread adoption of AI is what our society needs most, which means protecting innovative corporations from lawsuits. But what if, in fact, it\u2019s our\u00a0understanding of competition<\/a>\u00a0that needs to evolve instead?<\/p>\n

If AI is central to our future, we need to pay careful attention to the assumptions around harms and benefits programmed into these products. As it stands, there is a perverse incentive to design AI that is artificially innocent.<\/p>\n

A better approach would involve a more extensive harm-reduction strategy. Maybe we should be encouraging industry-wide collaboration on certain classes of life-saving algorithms, designing them for optimal performance rather than proprietary advantage.<\/p>\n

Every fix creates a new problem<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Some of the loudest and most powerful corporate voices want us to trust machines to solve complex societal problems. AI is hailed as a potential solution for the problems of cross-cultural\u00a0communication<\/a>,\u00a0health care<\/a>\u00a0and even\u00a0crime<\/a>\u00a0and social unrest.<\/p>\n

Corporations want us to forget that AI innovations reflect the biases of the programmer. There is a false belief that as long as the product design pitch passes through internal legal and policy constraints, the resulting technology is unlikely to be harmful. But harms emerge in all sorts of unexpected ways, as Uber\u2019s design team learned when their vehicle encountered a jaywalker for the first time.<\/p>\n

What happens when the nefarious implications of an AI are not immediately recognized? Or when it is too difficult to take the AI offline when necessary? Which is what happened when Boeing hesitated to\u00a0ground the 737 Max jets<\/a>\u00a0after a programming glitch was found to cause crashes \u2014 and 346 people died as a result.<\/p>\n

We must constantly reframe technological discussions in moral terms. The work of technology demands discrete, explicit instructions. Wherever there is no specific moral consensus, individuals simply doing their job will make a call, often without taking the time to consider the full consequences of their actions.<\/p>\n

Moving beyond liability<\/strong><\/h4>\n

At most tech companies, a proposal for a product would be reviewed by an in-house legal team. It would draw attention to the policies the design folks need to consider in their programming. These policies might relate to what data is consumed, where the data comes from, what data is stored or how it is used (for example anonymized, aggregated or filtered). The legal team\u2019s primary concern would be liability, not ethics or social perceptions.<\/p>\n

Research has called for taking an approach that considers\u00a0insurance and indemnity (responsibility for loss compensation)<\/a>\u00a0to shift liability and allow stakeholders to negotiate directly with each other. They also propose moving disputes over algorithms to specialized tribunals. But we need bolder thinking to address these challenges.<\/p>\n

Instead of liability, a focus on harm reduction would be more helpful. Unfortunately, our current system doesn\u2019t allow companies to easily co-operate or share knowledge, especially when anti-trust concerns might be raised. This has to change.<\/p>\n

\"\"

An investigation by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration found that Tesla\u2019s autopilot function turned off in advance of an imminent collision. (Shutterstock)<\/p><\/div>\n

Re-thinking the limits of competition<\/strong><\/h4>\n

These problems demand large-scale, industry-wide efforts. The misguided pressures of competition pushed Tesla, Uber and Boeing to release their AI too soon. They were overly concerned with the costs of legal liability and lagging behind competitors.<\/p>\n

My research proposes the somewhat counter-intuitive idea that the ethical positions a corporation takes should be a source of competitive parity in its industry, not a competitive advantage. In other words, a company should not stand out for finding ethical ways to run its business. Ethical commitments should be the minimum expectation required of all who compete.<\/p>\n

Companies should compete on variables like comfort, customer service or product life, not on whose autopilot algorithm is less likely to kill. We need an issues-based exemption to competition, one that is centred around a particular technological challenge, like autonomous driving software, and guided by a shared desire to reduce harm.<\/p>\n

What would this look like in practice? The truth is that\u00a0more than 50 per cent of Fortune 500 companies already<\/a>\u00a0use open-source software for mission-critical work. And their ability to compete has not been stifled by giving up on proprietary algorithms.<\/p>\n

Imagine if the motivation to reduce harm became a core target function of technology leaders. It would end the incentive individual firms currently have to design AI that is artificially innocent. It would shift their strategic priorities away from always preventing imitation and towards encouraging competitors to reduce harm in similar ways. And it would grow the pie for everyone, as customers and governments would be more trusting of technology-driven revolutions if innovators were seen as putting harm reduction first.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> David Weitzner is Assistant professor, Administrative Studies at York University, Canada<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This past June, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced a probe into Tesla\u2019s\u00a0autopilot software. Data gathered from 16 crashes raised concerns over the possibility that Tesla\u2019s AI may be programmed to quit when a crash is imminent. This way, the car\u2019s driver, not the manufacturer, would be legally liable at the moment of […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[136896],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-64017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science-tech","tag-ai"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPush for AI innovation can create dangerous products - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/push-for-ai-innovation-can-create-dangerous-products\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Push for AI innovation can create dangerous products - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This past June, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced a probe into Tesla\u2019s\u00a0autopilot software. 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