{"id":63493,"date":"2022-06-21T01:53:21","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T05:53:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=63493"},"modified":"2022-06-24T22:59:38","modified_gmt":"2022-06-25T02:59:38","slug":"religious-women-set-up-some-of-australias-first-schools-but-their-history-remains-veiled","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/religious-women-set-up-some-of-australias-first-schools-but-their-history-remains-veiled\/","title":{"rendered":"Religious women set up some of Australia\u2019s first schools, but their history remains veiled"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Non-govSchools23.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"502\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-63603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Non-govSchools23.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Non-govSchools23-250x185.jpeg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><br \/>\nIn a wealthy country like Australia, a time with no government schools seems unimaginable. But back in the 1840s, when the Sisters of Mercy opened the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/adb.anu.edu.au\/biography\/frayne-ursula-3572\">first seconadary school<\/a>\u00a0in Western Australia, there were only a few tiny private schools. Many children, particularly girls, received no formal education.<\/p>\n<p>Women religious, or nuns, made education more accessible. Their way of life also offered one of few leadership opportunities for women.<\/p>\n<p>These women demonstrated entrepreneurial and diplomatic skill while developing education in Australia. Their work required them to navigate hostile male hierarchies, religious discrimination, class struggles and complex relationships with Aboriginal peoples.<br \/>\n<center><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">It&#39;s Ursula Frayne\u2019s anniversary (9 June 1885). She led the first group of Sisters of Mercy to Australia, establishing the first secondary school in WA &amp; modelled for us all respectful relationships with the Indigenous peoples. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/uYml5JcV8Z\">https:\/\/t.co\/uYml5JcV8Z<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/8OV3IA2i29\">pic.twitter.com\/8OV3IA2i29<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Mercy International Association (@mercyworldwide) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/mercyworldwide\/status\/1270155329372856320?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 9, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Historians have documented part of this story, but there is a way to go. In a country enamoured with egalitarianism, the lives of women religious speak of the broader historical reality of inequality.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Where did these women come from?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Religious orders consist of people living apart from society but as a community in accordance with the spiritual rule of their founder.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cuapress.org\/9780813218731\/the-path-of-mercy\/\">Catherine McAuley<\/a>\u00a0(1778-1841) founded the Sisters of Mercy in Dublin when she opened the first House of Mercy dedicated to serving the poor, sick and uneducated.<\/p>\n<p>Catherine\u2019s approach to assisting Ireland\u2019s burgeoning poor was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/3081655\/C_Kovesi_Killerby_Ursula_Frayne_A_Biography_Fremantle_University_of_Notre_Dame_an_imprint_of_Fremantle_Arts_Centre_Press_1996_\">radical<\/a>. The community consisted of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cuapress.org\/9780813218731\/the-path-of-mercy\/\">two classes<\/a>\u00a0of sisters. Choir sisters were educated, middle-class women and generally served as teachers. Lay sisters were poor and working class and operated the kitchen or laundry.<\/p>\n<p>Ursula Frayne (1816-1885), who opened the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/adb.anu.edu.au\/biography\/frayne-ursula-3572\">first secondary school<\/a>\u00a0in Western Australia as well as schools in Victoria in the mid-19th century, had trained with McAuley. In 1845 Bishop John Brady visited the sisters\u2019 Dublin convent and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Valiant-women-foundation-Australia-1845-1849\/dp\/085884320X\">requested<\/a>\u00a0the mother superior send six sisters to Western Australia with Frayne as the leader.<\/p>\n<p>While sailing to Western Australia aboard The Elizabeth, a member of the missionary group travelling with Bishop Brady was a young French monk, Leandre Fonteinne, who ominously\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/shop.newnorcia.wa.edu.au\/collections\/a-salvado-selection-commemorating-200-years\/products\/clf-1\">noted<\/a>:<br \/>\n<em>\u201cHis Lordship is only concerned [\u2026] for the six women religious that he is bringing along with us. They are and for quite a number of years to come will be a burden to the mission.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>What did they do in Australia?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>After arriving in Perth, in 1846 the sisters became the first female religious teaching order to establish a school in Australia. Having navigated sectarism in Ireland, they decided to offer a general education to all Christians. The sisters prioritised Aboriginal people, immigrant Irish orphan girls, the poor and the uneducated. The sisters\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/adb.anu.edu.au\/biography\/frayne-ursula-3572\">established<\/a>\u00a0a fee-paying school, benevolent institution and Western Australia\u2019s first high school.<br \/>\n<center><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">On this day in 1847 the foundation stone for the new Sisters of Mercy Holy Cross Convent in Perth was laid by Bishop Brady. This was the first major structural project built under Mother Ursula Frayne\u2019s leadership<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/cathedau200?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#cathedau200<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NatCathEd?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NatCathEd<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/gXbxzDYhoh\">https:\/\/t.co\/gXbxzDYhoh<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/uFIXUphxMa\">pic.twitter.com\/uFIXUphxMa<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Catholic Education WA (@CatholicEdWA) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CatholicEdWA\/status\/1389029688664903681?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 3, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/center><br \/>\nComing from a prosperous Dublin family, Frayne was class-conscious but the distinction between choir and lay nuns was unsustainable in colonial Perth. Relying on the bishop was not an option that would allow them to progress their enterprise.<\/p>\n<p>For these women to be self-sufficient, everyone had to do domestic duties. Frayne herself\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/3081655\/C_Kovesi_Killerby_Ursula_Frayne_A_Biography_Fremantle_University_of_Notre_Dame_an_imprint_of_Fremantle_Arts_Centre_Press_1996_\">became a baker<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Although Bishop Brady promised financial support, in 1850 Frayne travelled to Colombo, Malta, Rome, Florence, Paris, England and Ireland to raise funds. In March 1851, she returned to Perth with \u00a3450. She gave \u00a3157 to the bishop, who was broke.<\/p>\n<p>By 1853 the nuns could afford a new \u00a3800 school building. As the sisters\u2019 workload increased, they\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/3081655\/C_Kovesi_Killerby_Ursula_Frayne_A_Biography_Fremantle_University_of_Notre_Dame_an_imprint_of_Fremantle_Arts_Centre_Press_1996_\">applied to Dublin<\/a>\u00a0for \u201cstrong\u201d lay sisters.<\/p>\n<p>Two of the longest-serving lay sisters sent from Dublin were Catherine O\u2019Reilly and Catherine Strahan. O\u2019Reilly filled multiple roles, including carpenter. She was eventually promoted to choir sister and helped to establish schools at locations such as Geraldton.<\/p>\n<p>Strahan\u2019s trajectory was different. Strahan was a lay sister at 30 and provided essential services to the convent kitchen and laundry until she\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/32717149?searchTerm=Catherine%20Strahan%20Sister%20of%20Mercy\">died at 67<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In 1857, Frayne moved to Melbourne to establish a new school as Brady\u2019s replacement as bishop,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/adb.anu.edu.au\/biography\/serra-joseph-benedict-4560\">Joseph Serra<\/a>, frequently\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com.au\/books\/edition\/_\/_0I3EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;pg=PA55&amp;dq=%22Joseph+Serra%22+%22Frayne%22+%22melbourne%22\">interfered in the order\u2019s leadership<\/a>. Frayne\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/3081655\/C_Kovesi_Killerby_Ursula_Frayne_A_Biography_Fremantle_University_of_Notre_Dame_an_imprint_of_Fremantle_Arts_Centre_Press_1996_\">felt much of his interference unneccessary<\/a>. Such interference peaked in Queensland, where the Sisters of Mercy had established the state\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/200years.catholic.edu.au\/2021\/09\/01\/memories-from-the-past-mercy-sisters\/?et_blog\">first secondary school for girls<\/a>. The local bishop withheld part of their government salary and exposed them to undernourishment and an early death.<br \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_63494\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-63494\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/SisFrayne.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"420\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63494\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-63494\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ursula Frayne was a pioneer of education in both Perth and Melbourne.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Undeniably important yet curiously anonymous<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Women religious operated significant educational enterprises. Historian Stephanie Burley\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/03323315.2011.596666\">considers<\/a>\u00a0female Irish teaching orders as an empire within the British Empire. Their classes bridged the political, religious and cultural norms of the Irish Catholic Church and the British Empire, acting as a pacifying force between the two spheres.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, as historian Colin Barr\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/irelands-empire\/FD04BB48D7FB5599DE42E14072B4804B\">notes<\/a>:<br \/>\n<em>\u201cUnfortunately, historians have too often seen these women as an undifferentiated mass, undeniably important yet curiously anonymous. Yet [they] were not merely the passive transmitters of male ideas or initiatives.\u201d<\/em><br \/>\nAs a leader, Frayne has been the subject of biographies. However, Catherine O\u2019Reilly and Catherine Strahan remained cloistered.<\/p>\n<p>The women who laboured in domestic roles in religious communities deserve greater attention. Although historians are increasingly showing interest in the broader role of women religious in<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Odhran O&#8217;Brien is a PhD Candidate in History at The University of Western Australia<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a wealthy country like Australia, a time with no government schools seems unimaginable. But back in the 1840s, when the Sisters of Mercy opened the\u00a0first seconadary school\u00a0in Western Australia, there were only a few tiny private schools. Many children, particularly girls, received no formal education. Women religious, or nuns, made education more accessible. Their [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/religious-women-set-up-some-of-australias-first-schools-but-their-history-remains-veiled\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[429095],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-63493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","tag-non-government-schools"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Religious women set up some of Australia\u2019s first schools, but their history remains veiled - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/religious-women-set-up-some-of-australias-first-schools-but-their-history-remains-veiled\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Religious women set up some of Australia\u2019s first schools, but their history remains veiled - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a wealthy country like Australia, a time with no government schools seems unimaginable. 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But back in the 1840s, when the Sisters of Mercy opened the\u00a0first seconadary school\u00a0in Western Australia, there were only a few tiny private schools. Many children, particularly girls, received no formal education. Women religious, or nuns, made education more accessible. 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