{"id":63428,"date":"2022-06-15T01:24:41","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T05:24:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=63428"},"modified":"2022-06-15T01:24:41","modified_gmt":"2022-06-15T05:24:41","slug":"online-and-in-person-exams-both-have-problems-thats-now-clear-unis-have-a-window-of-opportunity-to-do-better","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-and-in-person-exams-both-have-problems-thats-now-clear-unis-have-a-window-of-opportunity-to-do-better\/","title":{"rendered":"Online and in-person exams both have problems \u2013 that\u2019s now clear. Unis have a window of opportunity to do better"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-63429\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/onlineexam.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"453\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/onlineexam.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/onlineexam-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The pandemic pushed universities to launch or accelerate plans for delivering examinations online. These forced transitions have often been painful,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/where-has-the-joy-of-working-in-australian-universities-gone-184251\">involving stress and burnout<\/a>. Exams have been a big pain point.<\/p>\n<p>There are many accounts from the pandemic of widespread cheating in online exams. These range from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/crumplab.com\/articles\/blog\/post_994_5_26_22_cheating\/index.html\">the amusing<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/08\/27\/1031255390\/reports-of-cheating-at-colleges-soar-during-the-pandemic\">the depressing<\/a>. Regardless, cheating creates problems for everyone involved.<\/p>\n<p>We do need to understand students\u2019 achievements to effectively determine, plan and support student learning. Assessment is meant to inform this understanding.<\/p>\n<p>Exams are high-stakes opportunities for generating big \u201cchunks\u201d of evidence of student achievement. Cheating invalidates this evidence, which has a knock-on at individual, course and program levels.<\/p>\n<p>Academic program reviews, for example, are often guided by analyses of that year\u2019s exam results. Exam data help staff make changes to the program. If a significant percentage of exam scores result from cheating, this can lead to misjudgments about the curriculum and missteps in designing future exams.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Turnitin, online exams, essay mills, being pressured to do a degree in a different language&#8230;.academic misconduct is bceoming a huge issue <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/wIjD2FSyFN\">https:\/\/t.co\/wIjD2FSyFN<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Ella Taylor-Smith (@EllaTasm) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/EllaTasm\/status\/1532626311126175744?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 3, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h4><strong>What happened during the pandemic?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>It\u2019s understandable, then, why many universities have embraced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.autoproctor.co\/\">remote proctoring<\/a>. This involves the use of artificial intelligence software to identify and monitor students during exams. The value proposition of remote proctoring is that it easily allows us to replicate virtually the security of an in-person, seated, invigilated exam, wherever our students may be. It seemed like a solution custom-made for the pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>There is some evidence of remote proctoring\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2451958820300336\">working as intended<\/a>. However, we must also consider emerging concerns.<\/p>\n<p>Many students have been hostile to what they see as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/unis-are-using-artificial-intelligence-to-keep-students-sitting-exams-honest-but-this-creates-its-own-problems-170708\">inappropriate surveillance practices<\/a>. There are concerns about universities\u2019 uncritical\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/05\/27\/technology\/college-students-cheating-software-honorlock.html\">accusations of cheating<\/a>\u00a0in \u201cflagged\u201d cases generated by monitoring software.<\/p>\n<p>On the faculty side, it\u2019s becoming clear that remote proctoring does\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/online-exam-monitoring-is-now-common-in-australian-universities-but-is-it-here-to-stay-159074\">not necessarily lead to less work<\/a>\u00a0for staff. It may even increase exam-related workload.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Covid-19 prevented students from coming on to campus so universities turned to \u201conline proctoring solutions\u201d. In Australia students initially responded with protest but now online proctoring has become the preferred method for testing.<\/p>\n<p>Learn More: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/Dozwa7R0uS\">https:\/\/t.co\/Dozwa7R0uS<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Meazure Learning (@MeazureLearning) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MeazureLearning\/status\/1499113865858232329?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 2, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Working in educational assessment for two decades has taught me that cheating on exams is a serious, complex issue. It\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/library.oapen.org\/bitstream\/handle\/20.500.12657\/53333\/978-3-030-83255-1.pdf?sequence=1#page=80\">defies easy solutions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Remote proctoring will\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Y_esUX8qSmI\">likely continue to have a role to play<\/a>. It\u2019s essential, however, that we\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/PhillipDawson3\/the-remote-proctored-exams-dilemma\">define that role critically and carefully<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>So why not go back to the old ways?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>With enrolments growing and in-person teaching resuming, it\u2019s tempting to return to familiar exam practices. Bringing back traditional examinations, however, invites back other\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ie-today.co.uk\/features\/are-exams-fit-for-purpose\/\">well-documented, chronic problems<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Orchestrating mass, in-person exams presents a huge challenge. Assuring relevance of traditional exams to modern competencies is also problematic.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s worth asking ourselves: how satisfied were we really with pre-pandemic exam practices?<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_63430\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-63430\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63430\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/inpersonexam.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/inpersonexam.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/inpersonexam-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-63430\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Traditional in-person inviligated exams are anything but perfect. Shutterstock<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Out of the many ways we engage learners in higher education, assessment is typically the slowest area to change. As exams are high-stakes, it is unsurprising that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/260790313_Patterns_of_resistance_in_managing_assessment_change\">exams are quite change-resistant<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>We are therefore presented with an unusual and timely opportunity. Right now, there is a strong push for systemic improvement of learning,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/hub\/jisc\/p\/how-has-coronavirus-accelerated-future-assessment\">including better assessment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Let me suggest two connected ways forward on better exam practices. These are not axiomatic instructions. Instead, these are some resource-supported ways to open dialogues within institutions and teaching teams for exploring sensible solutions for them and their students.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Make scholarly decisions<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Scholarship informs our disciplines. It must also inform assessment within our disciplines.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vu.edu.au\/learning-teaching\/professional-learning-services\/scholarship-of-learning-teaching\">Scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL)<\/a>\u00a0in higher education is not new. In my experience, SoTL or SoLT has often de-emphasised or failed to include assessment, as the popular forms of the acronym suggest.<\/p>\n<p>Increasingly, we need to embrace\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/u.osu.edu\/copoeis\/scholarship-of-teaching-and-learning\/\">SoLTA<\/a>, that is, scholarship that includes and promotes evidence- and research-supported assessment practices. Embracing SoLTA involves becoming deeply familiar with the best research in assessment and examination practices in higher education and disciplinary contexts. This includes informing practice through consulting highly reputable journals like\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/toc\/caeh20\/current\">Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>As with our disciplines, we should see ourselves not just as consumers of knowledge but creators, too. This presents an opportunity for universities to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lo.unisa.edu.au\/mod\/book\/tool\/print\/index.php?id=2476513\">support teachers in applying scholarship to teaching<\/a>, including teaching-focused academics.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">For assessment to count as authentic it must mean something <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/ZWimhfNWr7\">https:\/\/t.co\/ZWimhfNWr7<\/a> \u201cThe research evidence to support the pre-eminence given to the traditional exam is thin, while evidence that exams encourage a narrow and formulaic engagement with knowledge is considerable.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/PpHYSgYoJn\">pic.twitter.com\/PpHYSgYoJn<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Dr Sam Oakley (@rscsam) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/rscsam\/status\/1369621566758256644?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 10, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Don\u2019t reject exams, make them better<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Exploring alternatives to exams is sound general advice, but doing so isn\u2019t always feasible. Programs often have rational imperatives for keeping exams in place, including expectations of external accrediting bodies. In these cases, it\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/should-we-do-away-with-exams-altogether-no-but-we-need-to-rethink-their-design-and-purpose-67647\">better to seek improvement<\/a>, rather than alternatives, to exams.<\/p>\n<p>One route to improvement is adopting\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/melbourne-cshe.unimelb.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0010\/3341944\/closed-book-to-open-book-exam_final.pdf\">good open-book exam practices<\/a>. For exams with multiple-choice questions, there are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/melbourne-cshe.unimelb.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0010\/3430648\/multiple-choice-questions_final.pdf\">solid guidelines for enhancing these<\/a>. There are even approaches allowing multiple-choice questions to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cft.vanderbilt.edu\/guides-sub-pages\/writing-good-multiple-choice-test-questions\/\">elicit cognitively complex responses<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Two key problems I have found in online exam practices are students using search engines to look up answers, and collusion. One way to resolve the first issue is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/le.unimelb.edu.au\/news\/articles\/case-based-questions-in-assessment-tasks\">adopting case-based approaches<\/a>\u00a0that use novel material generated specifically for the exam.<\/p>\n<p>Collusion is a tougher nut to crack, but some people are adopting new approaches to doing so. These include\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aall.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/CIS-S2-Session-2-Charles-Sevigny-Apr-2021.pdf\">running exams divided into sections<\/a>, with collaboration an anticipated and welcome part of the process.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Business as usual isn\u2019t good enough<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Changing assessment is challenging. Higher stakes mean bigger challenges and greater resistance. As universities find their post-pandemic footing, we have a window of opportunity in which we know we must change.<\/p>\n<p>This allows us to answer the question: what\u2019s next for exams? Clinging to new and hastily adopted practices provides an unsatisfying answer. A return to business as usual is no better.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, let\u2019s adopt a scholarship-informed approach to developing our exams and ourselves to better meet an uncertain and challenging post-pandemic future.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Christopher Charles Deneen is Associate Professor &amp; Enterprise Research Fellow in Education Futures at the University of South Australia<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The pandemic pushed universities to launch or accelerate plans for delivering examinations online. These forced transitions have often been painful,\u00a0involving stress and burnout. Exams have been a big pain point. There are many accounts from the pandemic of widespread cheating in online exams. These range from\u00a0the amusing\u00a0to\u00a0the depressing. Regardless, cheating creates problems for everyone involved. [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-and-in-person-exams-both-have-problems-thats-now-clear-unis-have-a-window-of-opportunity-to-do-better\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[12609],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-63428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","tag-exams-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Online and in-person exams both have problems \u2013 that\u2019s now clear. Unis have a window of opportunity to do better - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-and-in-person-exams-both-have-problems-thats-now-clear-unis-have-a-window-of-opportunity-to-do-better\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Online and in-person exams both have problems \u2013 that\u2019s now clear. Unis have a window of opportunity to do better - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The pandemic pushed universities to launch or accelerate plans for delivering examinations online. These forced transitions have often been painful,\u00a0involving stress and burnout. Exams have been a big pain point. There are many accounts from the pandemic of widespread cheating in online exams. These range from\u00a0the amusing\u00a0to\u00a0the depressing. Regardless, cheating creates problems for everyone involved. 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