{"id":62891,"date":"2022-05-20T04:14:20","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T08:14:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=62891"},"modified":"2022-05-26T18:02:35","modified_gmt":"2022-05-26T22:02:35","slug":"talking-to-children-about-the-slave-trade-alma-the-story-of-a-novel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/talking-to-children-about-the-slave-trade-alma-the-story-of-a-novel\/","title":{"rendered":"Talking to children about the slave trade: “Alma”, the story of a novel"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

If the history of slavery has given rise to several recent works \u2013 whether we think of\u00a0Beloved<\/em> by Toni Morrison<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0Twelve Years a Slave<\/em>\u00a0by Steve McQueen, adapted from the testimony of\u00a0Solomon Northup<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 it remains a complex subject to approach in the literature for young people.<\/p>\n

How, indeed, to introduce children and adolescents to the knowledge, highly necessary, of a period of history known for its atrocities?\u00a0How can we draw fictions from it, when we also have so few direct testimonies from slaves?<\/p>\n

This is the project that\u00a0Timoth\u00e9e de Fombelle took on with his <\/a>Alma<\/em>\u00a0trilogy\u00a0, the first two volumes of which,\u00a0Le Vent se l\u00e8ve<\/em><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0L’Enchanteuse<\/em>\u00a0, were published by Gallimard Jeunesse in 2020 and 2021. Born in 1973, Timoth\u00e9e de Fombelle is the author of several success stories for young people, in particular the adventure novels\u00a0Tobie Lolness<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(2006-2007) and\u00a0Vango<\/em>\u00a0(2010-2022).\u00a0Alma<\/em>\u00a0draws from the history of the 18th\u00a0century\u00a0\u00a0a plot that addresses the trade of black Africans, deported as slaves by Europeans to American territories.<\/p>\n

Invited to the University of Nanterre<\/a>\u00a0in the spring of 2022, as part of a series of meetings devoted to the 18th century\u00a0in\u00a0\u00a0contemporary novels, Timoth\u00e9e de Fombelle came to present\u00a0Alma<\/em>\u00a0, to explain his working method (its sources, the place he grants to the documentation\u2026) and talk about the writing work of the novelist confronted with such a subject.<\/p>\n

His story intersects the destinies of many characters: captives and sailors, hunters and landowners, against a backdrop of debates for abolition.\u00a0It all started in 1786, in the Isaya Valley, somewhere in Africa.\u00a0Alma spends happy days there with her family.\u00a0When her brother is taken prisoner by slave hunters, the young girl is ready to do anything to find him, even if it means following him to the end of the world.<\/p>\n

She will discover the terrible conditions of the Atlantic crossing, the effervescence of Saint-Domingue \u2013 a colony which will soon be stirred up by a powerful revolt \u2013, the injustices in the plantations in Louisiana and the suspended splendor of the Versailles court.<\/p>\n

In the documentation yard<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Writing about the Atlantic slave trade, even to compose a novel, presupposes doing some documentation work beforehand.\u00a0Not only out of historical fidelity, but because the extent of the suffering experienced commits the writer, to a certain extent, to a requirement for accuracy, where reality sometimes exceeds imagination.<\/p>\n

How to represent, in fact, the derisory place granted to captives in ships?\u00a0Alma<\/em>\u00a0, around the rich illustrations of Fran\u00e7ois Place, takes care to evoke with meticulousness the slave ships like the functioning of the plantations.\u00a0It is important for young readers to understand this\u00a0triangular trade<\/a>\u00a0, the way in which shipowners convert \u201cinvisible gold\u201d into human beings, then into goods, and then back into gold.<\/p>\n

However, this knowledge, nourished by the reading of numerous documents, should not become encyclopaedic.\u00a0It is by strictly romantic means that Timoth\u00e9e de Fombelle recounts these lives tossed about on three continents.\u00a0Alma<\/em>\u00a0surprises by the number of its characters, rare in a work for young people.<\/p>\n

In addition to the eponymous heroine, we find Joseph Mars, a French ship’s boy, Am\u00e9lie Bassac, daughter of the shipowner and owner of the plantation – she who “struggles to open her eyes to the immensity of the dramas that live these men and these women\u201d \u2013, Gardel, the infamous captain, or even Oumna, this famous captive Eve, whose memory we try to erase with the name\u2026<\/p>\n

This multitude of characters, which appears on the cover of the book, makes it possible to evoke all those who, directly or indirectly, took part in the slave trade and thus to represent it in all its complexity.<\/p>\n

An initiatory journey<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Alma chooses an omniscient narrator, capable of commenting on the overhanging facts as well as interfering in the thoughts of each other.\u00a0The exercise is not easy.\u00a0How can we talk about slavery without speaking on behalf of those who lived through it?\u00a0A sign of the stakes attached to such an undertaking, the publisher Walter Brooks, who translates most of Timoth\u00e9e de Fombelle’s works,\u00a0has decided not to publish <\/a>\u00a0Alma<\/em>\u00a0in English.<\/p>\n

Dominated by a deliberately critical narrator, the novel gives access to the successive points of view of captives, more or less involved outside spectators, sometimes slavers.\u00a0Joseph Mars, the cabin boy to whom the prisoners crammed into the ship are described, repeats: “I know”, but “he knows very well that he doesn’t really know”.\u00a0He had to watch the long march of the Africans taken in the boat to become aware of this reality.<\/p>\n

Young readers are invited to complete the same initiatory journey, in front of the procession of these exiles, as in their eyes \u201cthe white edge of their continent\u201d fades away.\u00a0Means, no doubt, of making these readers feel through fiction, from the end of their imagination, what slavery meant.<\/p>\n

It is sometimes necessary to use devious means to represent the worst in a novel for young people.\u00a0An old pirate tells how a ship full of captives was sunk for a purely administrative reason.\u00a0The reported speech shows here without showing directly.\u00a0In the same way, when the young slave Lam runs away, the possibility of failure \u2013 of the punishment that awaits him \u2013 is formulated in denarred form, in the form of a simple hypothesis: Lam will manage to escape and to join the\u00a0maroon rebels<\/a>\u00a0.).\u00a0The novel navigates in this way, aware of the two pitfalls of overbidding and watering down.<\/p>\n

The wake of the Lights<\/strong><\/h4>\n

It is a whole section of the history of the 18th\u00a0\u00a0century that\u00a0Alma\u00a0shows<\/em>\u00a0, but also of its literature.\u00a0Behind the voice which declares, in\u00a0Le Vent se l\u00e8ve<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0: “All this misfortune for a little coffee, jam and chocolate at snack time… For\u00a0this madness of sugar<\/a>\u00a0which has invaded the living rooms of Europe”, we hears the great abolitionist texts that continue to nourish the collective memory.\u00a0\u201cIt is at this price that you eat sugar in Europe,\u201d\u00a0said the mutilated slave<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Candide<\/em> by Voltaire.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Scene from Paul and Virginia\u201d, by Bernardin de Saint-Pierre. Charles-Melchior Descourtis, via Wikimedia<\/small><\/p>\n

“It will be agreed that no cask of sugar arrives in Europe that is not stained with human blood”, wrote Helv\u00e9tius in\u00a0De l’esprit<\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0We also find in\u00a0Alma<\/em>\u00a0, as in Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, the opposition between the utopian micro-space of the happy valley and the big bad world, in which the slave trade has free rein.\u00a0We believe we are seeing Domingue again, this character from\u00a0Paul and Virginia<\/em>\u00a0represented in famous prints and paintings of the time.<\/p>\n

Yes, there are echoes of the Enlightenment in Timoth\u00e9e de Fombelle’s novel, but also a questioning of the latter, in the wake of a historiographical current which insists on their ideological ambiguities.\u00a0The owner of the slave ship has an impressive library, which does not prevent him from enriching himself with the slave trade.\u00a0In the property of Santo Domingo that the heroine crosses, we find the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, nibbled by rats \u2013 these same rats with which the slaves reduced to eating them poison themselves.\u00a0Here again,\u00a0Alma<\/em>\u00a0traces her path between celebration and unequivocal criticism.<\/p>\n

“It is forbidden to know what has not yet taken place”, declares the narrator mischievously, before embarking on a well-known historical episode \u2013 the sinking of the La P\u00e9rouse expedition.\u00a0The second volume of\u00a0Alma<\/em>\u00a0leaves us in 1788, in Versailles.\u00a0The curious have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat awaits them, in volume 3, from 1789…<\/p>\n

In the meantime, young (and less young) readers will have, for two volumes, discovered in all their complexity these “tangled lives” by the slave trade, in a powerful adventure novel which focuses on a few decisive years of our history and which aims to embody its memory.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Audrey Faulot is a Lecturer in 18th century French literature at the University of Paris Nanterre \u2013 University of Paris Lumi\u00e8res<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

If the history of slavery has given rise to several recent works \u2013 whether we think of\u00a0Beloved by Toni Morrison\u00a0or\u00a0Twelve Years a Slave\u00a0by Steve McQueen, adapted from the testimony of\u00a0Solomon Northup\u00a0\u2013 it remains a complex subject to approach in the literature for young people. How, indeed, to introduce children and adolescents to the knowledge, highly […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[10744],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-62891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-change","tag-slavery"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTalking to children about the slave trade: "Alma", the story of a novel - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/talking-to-children-about-the-slave-trade-alma-the-story-of-a-novel\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Talking to children about the slave trade: "Alma", the story of a novel - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"If the history of slavery has given rise to several recent works \u2013 whether we think of\u00a0Beloved by Toni Morrison\u00a0or\u00a0Twelve Years a Slave\u00a0by Steve McQueen, adapted from the testimony of\u00a0Solomon Northup\u00a0\u2013 it remains a complex subject to approach in the literature for young people. 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