{"id":60385,"date":"2021-11-24T00:48:22","date_gmt":"2021-11-24T05:48:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=60385"},"modified":"2021-11-24T00:48:22","modified_gmt":"2021-11-24T05:48:22","slug":"little-red-children-and-grandpa-xi-chinas-school-textbooks-reflect-the-rise-of-xi-jinpings-personality-cult","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/little-red-children-and-grandpa-xi-chinas-school-textbooks-reflect-the-rise-of-xi-jinpings-personality-cult\/","title":{"rendered":"Little red children and \u2018Grandpa Xi\u2019: China\u2019s school textbooks reflect the rise of Xi Jinping\u2019s personality cult"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chineseinred.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"383\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-60386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chineseinred.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chineseinred-250x141.jpeg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><br \/>\nWhen students in China returned to classrooms in September 2021, they were provided with a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/lingli_vienna\/status\/1413865821319860224\">new series of textbooks<\/a>\u00a0outlining China\u2019s president Xi Jinping, or \u201cGrandpa Xi\u2019s\u201d,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/9\/1\/chinas-pupils-get-schooled-in-xi-jinping-thought\">political philosophy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Each textbook on \u201cXi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era\u201d, as Xi\u2019s political philosophy is officially called, is tailored to students at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.<\/p>\n<p><center><\/center><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">New-era childhood memory:<\/p>\n<p>4-volume textbooks of Xi Jinping Thought for primary and high school students, to be launched in the fall 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/OVGKYbT8YV\">pic.twitter.com\/OVGKYbT8YV<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 ???????????????? ???????? (@lingli_vienna) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/lingli_vienna\/status\/1413865821319860224?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 10, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>\u201cXi Jinping Thought\u201d was enshrined into the Chinese Communist Party\u2019s (CCP)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/\/english\/2017-10\/29\/c_136713559.htm\">Constitution<\/a>\u00a0in 2017. Although the main stated aims are to remain committed to reform and build a \u201cmoderately prosperous society\u201d, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/chinaperspectives\/7872#bodyftn4\">realities<\/a>\u00a0of this political philosophy has been a tightening of party discipline and curtailing of social freedom.<\/p>\n<p>While prior textbooks were focused on the CCP, the new versions centre on China\u2019s paramount leader. In this way they reflect the growing personality cult of Xi Jinping, eerily reminiscent of the days of China\u2019s founding father Mao Zedong.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The rise of the personality cult<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>According to China\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/202108\/25\/WS61259859a310efa1bd66aea6.html\">National Textbook Committee<\/a>, the<br \/>\n<em>textbooks reflect the will of the Communist Party of China and the nation and directly impact the direction and quality of talent cultivation.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In particular, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/202108\/25\/WS61259859a310efa1bd66aea6.html\">Committee<\/a>\u00a0stated:<br \/>\n<em>Primary schools should foster love and right understanding for the Party, country and socialism in students.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/china\/19thcpcnationalcongress\/2017-10\/12\/content_33160115.htm\">core socialist values<\/a>\u00a0highlighted in the textbooks include prosperity, patriotism and friendship.<\/p>\n<p>Targeted at children, the moniker of \u201cGrandpa Xi\u201d is part of the ongoing strategy towards creating a personality cult in China. Authoritarian regimes like the Soviet Union also used the grandfather figure (\u201cGrandpa Lenin\u201d) as part of propaganda aimed at children. This enhanced Lenin\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1057\/9780230518216_6\">personality cult<\/a>\u00a0across the Soviet nations.<\/p>\n<p>Political scientist\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt1q1crzp.7?seq=5#metadata_info_tab_contents\">Pao-min Chang<\/a>\u00a0defines the personality cult as<br \/>\n<em>The artificial elevation of the status and authority of one man [\u2026] through the deliberate creation, projection and propagation of a godlike image.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Like Lenin, a personality cult around Mao Zedong emerged during China\u2019s Cultural Revolution (1966\u20131976). Although later leaders Deng Xiaoping, the architect of China\u2019s economic reform, and Wen Jiabao, who was Premier between 2003 and 2013, are popularly known as \u201cGrandpa Deng\u201d and \u201cGrandpa Wen,\u201d they did not overtly push for this image.<br \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_60387\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-60387\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chineseallegence.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"453\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chineseallegence.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chineseallegence-250x167.jpeg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-60387\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deng Xiaoping, the architect of China\u2019s economic reform, was popularly known as \u2018Grandpa Deng\u2019. VINCENT YU\/AP<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<p>Xi returns to Mao in his efforts to build a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/utsynergyjournal.org\/2019\/03\/16\/the-cult-of-xi-chinas-return-to-a-maoist-personality-cult\/\">personality cult<\/a>\u00a0around himself. Since coming to power, he has cultivated the image of being \u201ca man of the people\u201d in a bid to make his authoritarianism more palpable to the masses.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Little red children and Grandpa Xi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The new primary school textbooks emphasise Xi\u2019s wisdom, friendliness and care for the children. Early signs of this strategy can be seen in government propaganda video, Grandpa Xi is Our Big Friend, that circulated online in 2015.<\/p>\n<p>The video was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dwnews.com\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD\/59660857\/%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%AD%A6%E7%AB%A5%E6%AD%8C%E9%A2%82%E4%B9%A0%E7%88%B7%E7%88%B7%E7%BD%91%E5%8F%8B%E8%B5%9E%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8D\">recorded<\/a>\u00a0at Yan&#8217;an Yucai Primary School in Shaanxi. The location is significant because the school was founded by Mao Zedong in 1937.<\/p>\n<p>In the video, Xi Jinping is not presented as a distant authority figure. Instead, Grandpa Xi is a caring \u201cbig friend.\u201d The children sing that his \u201cwarm smile\u201d is \u201cbrighter than the sun.\u201d Images of children waving sunflowers and lyrics that describe Xi\u2019s visit as \u201cbetter than the warmth of a spring day\u201d serve to accentuate his friendly disposition.<\/p>\n<p>Most importantly, the children sing about the need to \u201cstudy diligently\u201d to \u201cachieve the Chinese Dream\u201d. This dream is Xi Jinping\u2019s vision for China to become a prosperous society.<\/p>\n<p>The children wear red scarves and red stars in the video. These\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/220558\">symbols<\/a>\u00a0represent the national flag. The colour red alludes to the blood of revolutionary\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17482798.2011.587293\">martyrs<\/a>. They remind children of their connection to the nation and the Party.<br \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_60388\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-60388\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Mao.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"454\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Mao.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Mao-250x167.jpeg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-60388\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A personality cult around Mao Zedong was a large part of the propaganda during China\u2019s Cultural Revolution. Shutterstock<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<p>Xi wears a red scarf in the video. In one scene, he places a red scarf over the shoulders of a child. This accessory and gesture are depicted in the 2021 primary school textbooks as well. The act of placing a scarf on a child signifies children taking on the mantle of happily fulfilling Grandpa Xi\u2019s vision.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The CCP\u2019s Young Pioneers<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The textbook for lower primary students contain photos of Xi planting trees with children and meeting them at school.<\/p>\n<p>The books include statements such as:<br \/>\n<em>Grandpa Xi Jinping is very busy with work, but no matter how busy he is, he still joins our activities and cares about our growth.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Xi shares his memories of being emotional when joining the Young Pioneers of China (the CCP\u2019s youth organisation) in 1960. He then invites readers to describe their own feelings about becoming a part of the Young Pioneers, thus encouraging young people to join.<br \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_60389\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-60389\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/redschalves.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"786\" class=\"size-full wp-image-60389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/redschalves.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/redschalves-216x250.jpeg 216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-60389\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Xi Jinping tying a red scarf around a child at a Beijing primary school. &#8216;Page from Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics For the New Era&#8217; textbook for lower primary.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<p>The textbooks use illustrations with speech bubbles to make the ideological content more interesting. Some illustrations are of students sitting around a table teaching each other Grandpa Xi\u2019s expectations to become a person of \u201cgood moral character\u201d and who is \u201cdiligent and thrifty\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The books also emphasise acquiring knowledge about \u201cscience and technology,\u201d as well as being \u201ccreative and innovative\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The children must cultivate these markers of good citizenship to become what the books refer to as \u201cqualified builders and successors of socialism\u201d. This rhetoric of children as the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cup.cuhk.edu.hk\/index.php?route=product\/product&amp;product_id=394\">hope of the nation<\/a>\u00a0has been in use since the late nineteenth century.<\/p>\n<p>The emphasis on being \u201cqualified\u201d suggests children must live up to the expectations set out by Xi. The textbooks imply this is only possible because of Grandpa Xi\u2019s continued care for them.<\/p>\n<p>This image of Grandpa Xi as a \u201cbig friend\u201d is a gentler form of propaganda than that seen during Mao\u2019s Cultural Revolution. Propaganda aimed at children during the Cultural Revolution positioned the Party as the surrogate parent. It also highlighted\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.nz\/books\/about\/Picturing_Power_in_the_People_s_Republic.html?id=I3S6mlTj1K4C&amp;redir_esc=y\">children\u2019s violence<\/a>\u00a0as they fought for the socialist cause. Young Red Guards sang patriotic songs and read the Little Red Book. These rituals fostered Mao\u2019s cult of personality.<\/p>\n<p>It remains to be seen whether the new school curriculum is a harbinger of future deification of Xi Jinping.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bios:<\/strong> Shih-Wen Sue Chen is a Senior Lecturer in Writing and Literature at Deakin University and Sin Wen Lau is a Senior Lecturer in China Studies a the University of Otago<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When students in China returned to classrooms in September 2021, they were provided with a\u00a0new series of textbooks\u00a0outlining China\u2019s president Xi Jinping, or \u201cGrandpa Xi\u2019s\u201d,\u00a0political philosophy. Each textbook on \u201cXi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era\u201d, as Xi\u2019s political philosophy is officially called, is tailored to students at primary, secondary, [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/little-red-children-and-grandpa-xi-chinas-school-textbooks-reflect-the-rise-of-xi-jinpings-personality-cult\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[428300],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-60385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","tag-xis-political-philosophy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Little red children and \u2018Grandpa Xi\u2019: China\u2019s school textbooks reflect the rise of Xi Jinping\u2019s personality cult - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/little-red-children-and-grandpa-xi-chinas-school-textbooks-reflect-the-rise-of-xi-jinpings-personality-cult\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Little red children and \u2018Grandpa Xi\u2019: China\u2019s school textbooks reflect the rise of Xi Jinping\u2019s personality cult - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When students in China returned to classrooms in September 2021, they were provided with a\u00a0new series of textbooks\u00a0outlining China\u2019s president Xi Jinping, or \u201cGrandpa Xi\u2019s\u201d,\u00a0political philosophy. 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