{"id":59116,"date":"2021-09-02T11:34:03","date_gmt":"2021-09-02T15:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=59116"},"modified":"2021-09-02T11:34:03","modified_gmt":"2021-09-02T15:34:03","slug":"covid-19-back-to-school-qa-is-it-safe-for-unvaccinated-children-to-go-to-school-in-person-is-the-harm-of-school-closures-greater-than-the-risk-of-the-virus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/covid-19-back-to-school-qa-is-it-safe-for-unvaccinated-children-to-go-to-school-in-person-is-the-harm-of-school-closures-greater-than-the-risk-of-the-virus\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 back to school Q&A: Is it safe for unvaccinated children to go to school in person? Is the harm of school closures greater than the risk of the virus?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nBack-to-school is here again. While we might hope that beginning the academic year with schools open for in-person learning would set the trend for the rest of the year, the\u00a0presence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, makes everything less certain<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Some parents have already made decisions\u00a0to keep their children home for online learning when schools open<\/a>. Others may revisit these choices as the fall unfolds. Yet many parents also need to go with what their school systems offer.<\/p>\n

With over a year\u2019s worth of data on how SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease manifest in children and our experience from last year\u2019s school closures, we can at least answer some important questions about the risks of infection in unvaccinated children and the risks of missing in-person school.<\/p>\n

What are the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be asymptomatic. A\u00a0review of several studies<\/a>\u00a0found that roughly half of infected children did not show any symptoms. A study of children in Alberta found that\u00a0one-third of those infected were asymptomatic<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Children with COVID-19 symptoms, in general, have a mild illness.<\/p>\n

A large study in the United Kingdom, that included data up to February 2021, showed that when children aged five to 11 have symptoms, these tend to last five days. In 3.1 per cent of this age group,\u00a0symptoms last longer than<\/a>\u00a028 days. This duration can be compared with people aged 12 to 17, and adults: 5.1 per cent of the former had symptoms for longer than 28 days; 13.3 per cent of adults had symptoms one month after infection. Only six of 445 younger children (1.3 per cent) included in the U.K. study had symptoms that lasted longer than 56 days.<\/p>\n

In children, the risk of hospitalization, severe disease and death is low,\u00a0relative to adults<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In the United States<\/a>, 0.2 to 1.9 per cent of COVID-19 cases detected in children led to hospitalization, including children infected with the now-circulating Delta variant.<\/p>\n

In Belgium, hospitalization rates and admission to intensive care units for children with COVID-19 have been low, and\u00a0haven\u2019t changed while new variants have been circulating<\/a>. A\u00a0Belgian school study<\/a>\u00a0showed that in June 2021, 15.4 per cent of Belgian elementary school children had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, meaning they had already been infected with the novel coronavirus some time during the pandemic.<\/p>\n

Delta constitutes more than 75 per cent of the\u00a0sequenced cases<\/a>\u00a0since July 5, 2021, in Belgium, and almost all cases in the country as of Aug. 16.<\/p>\n

In Canada<\/a>, 0.5 per cent of the detected and recorded cases in children under 19 years old have led to hospitalization, and 0.06 per cent to admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, since the start of the pandemic.<\/p>\n

Research suggests that the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), presenting two to six weeks after infection and affecting mostly children aged six to nine,\u00a0remains rare<\/a>, with an incidence of three MIS-C cases per 10,000 SARS-CoV-2 infections in people younger than 21. Canadian research awaiting peer-review and\u00a0research from the U.S.<\/a>\u00a0show that the child\u00a0generally recovers rapidly<\/a>\u00a0from an MIS-C episode.<\/p>\n

As the pandemic evolves, combining multiple data sources will give us a more\u00a0valid and precise<\/a>\u00a0calculation\u00a0of risk<\/a>\u00a0related to children\u2019s infection and illness.<\/p>\n

Is it safe for unvaccinated children to go back to in-person school with the variants circulating?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In the U.S.<\/a>, the number of pediatric cases of COVID-19 has increased in recent weeks.<\/p>\n

Pediatric cases have also increased as a proportion of the total number of all detected cases and accounted for 22.4 per cent of total cumulative cases for the week ending Aug. 19 (up from 14.6 per cent a week earlier). This is occurring, however, in the context of high community transmission and low vaccination coverage.<\/p>\n

When more children get infected, there are more opportunities to have children become ill and more severely ill, both with acute infection and MIS-C, even if this absolute risk is small. The\u00a0mortality rate<\/a>\u00a0of COVID-19 in children under 17 is less than three deaths per 10,000 cases.<\/p>\n

Public Health Canada data<\/a>\u00a0show a mortality of one per 20,000 in children under 19.<\/p>\n

What\u2019s the bigger risk: COVID-19 or school closures?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

For children, the\u00a0risks associated with school closures<\/a>\u00a0have surpassed the health risks associated with COVID-19.<\/p>\n

Schools provide instruction that allows students to gain academic skills, but they also help socialize students and teach behavioural skills. Schools provide social support and favour the\u00a0acquisition of healthy habits<\/a>. Schools can help immigrant children learn new languages and\/or foster integration into their new communities.<\/p>\n

In Canada<\/a>, 0.5 per cent of the detected and recorded cases in children under 19 years old have led to hospitalization, and 0.06 per cent to admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, since the start of the pandemic.<\/p>\n

Research suggests that the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), presenting two to six weeks after infection and affecting mostly children aged six to nine,\u00a0remains rare<\/a>, with an incidence of three MIS-C cases per 10,000 SARS-CoV-2 infections in people younger than 21. Canadian research awaiting peer-review and\u00a0research from the U.S.<\/a>\u00a0show that the child\u00a0generally recovers rapidly<\/a>\u00a0from an MIS-C episode.<\/p>\n

As the pandemic evolves, combining multiple data sources will give us a more\u00a0valid and precise<\/a>\u00a0calculation\u00a0of risk<\/a>\u00a0related to children\u2019s infection and illness.<\/p>\n

Is it safe for unvaccinated children to go back to in-person school with the variants circulating?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In the U.S.<\/a>, the number of pediatric cases of COVID-19 has increased in recent weeks.<\/p>\n

Pediatric cases have also increased as a proportion of the total number of all detected cases and accounted for 22.4 per cent of total cumulative cases for the week ending Aug. 19 (up from 14.6 per cent a week earlier). This is occurring, however, in the context of high community transmission and low vaccination coverage.<\/p>\n

When more children get infected, there are more opportunities to have children become ill and more severely ill, both with acute infection and MIS-C, even if this absolute risk is small. The\u00a0mortality rate<\/a>\u00a0of COVID-19 in children under 17 is less than three deaths per 10,000 cases.<\/p>\n

Public Health Canada data<\/a>\u00a0show a mortality of one per 20,000 in children under 19.<\/p>\n

What\u2019s the bigger risk: COVID-19 or school closures?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

For children, the\u00a0risks associated with school closures<\/a>\u00a0have surpassed the health risks associated with COVID-19.<\/p>\n

Schools provide instruction that allows students to gain academic skills, but they also help socialize students and teach behavioural skills. Schools provide social support and favour the\u00a0acquisition of healthy habits<\/a>. Schools can help immigrant children learn new languages and\/or foster integration into their new communities.<\/p>\n

What effects do school closures have on physical and mental health?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The experience of last year\u2019s confinement and school closures provided data on its negative effect on children\u2019s physical health. Increased numbers\u00a0of children developed<\/a>\u00a0eating disorders<\/a>\u00a0and weight problems.<\/p>\n

Physical activity<\/a>\u00a0decreased in Canadian youth. Screen time was up.\u00a0Excessive screen time<\/a>\u00a0is associated with a sedentary lifestyle and with cardiovascular disease risk factors like high blood pressure, insulin resistance and obesity.\u00a0School meal programs that ordinarily offer some protection against children\u2019s hunger and malnutrition were not available during the pandemic<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Confinement also affected young children\u2019s\u00a0mental health<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A recently published review of several\u00a0studies on children\u2019s mental health<\/a>\u00a0estimated that anxiety affected a quarter of children and that one-in-five were depressed during the pandemic, which is twice the pre-pandemic rate.<\/p>\n

We also know that reporting of child abuse\u00a0went down during school closures<\/a>, not because these events\u00a0did not occur<\/a>, but because teachers and school staff didn\u2019t have the opportunity to detect and\u00a0report abuse<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Can virtual schooling replace in-person education?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

There is limited research on children and full virtual schooling,\u00a0but neither preliminary<\/a>\u00a0nor\u00a0peer-reviewed research<\/a>\u00a0suggest that virtual schooling can fully and adequately compensate for in-person schooling.<\/p>\n

School closures put children\u2019s physical, mental and academic development at risk and displace many children from the optimal environment to develop social skills and receive support.<\/p>\n

In-person schooling is essential for schools to achieve their diverse objectives and for the\u00a0well-being of children<\/a>, especially\u00a0vulnerable children<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This doesn\u2019t mean we can\u2019t embrace the positive aspects of online learning, or design education that looks different from what we have today. However,\u00a0including children in decision-making<\/a>\u00a0and designing the school environments and experiences that meet their needs \u2014 and having equity in mind \u2014 should be equally high on our agenda.<\/p>\n

Author Bios:<\/strong> Catherine Haeck is Full Professor, Economics Department at the Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al (UQAM), Dimitri Van der Linden is a Clinical Professor, Pediatric Department at Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain and Jay Kaufman is a Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health at McGill University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Back-to-school is here again. While we might hope that beginning the academic year with schools open for in-person learning would set the trend for the rest of the year, the\u00a0presence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, makes everything less certain. Some parents have already made decisions\u00a0to keep their children home for […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[357329],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-59116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-virtual-schooling"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCOVID-19 back to school Q&A: Is it safe for unvaccinated children to go to school in person? 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