{"id":58736,"date":"2021-08-16T14:29:07","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T18:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=58736"},"modified":"2021-08-16T14:29:07","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T18:29:07","slug":"schools-can-reopen-safely-an-epidemiologist-describes-what-works-and-whats-not-worth-the-effort","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/schools-can-reopen-safely-an-epidemiologist-describes-what-works-and-whats-not-worth-the-effort\/","title":{"rendered":"Schools can reopen safely \u2013 an epidemiologist describes what works and what\u2019s not worth the effort"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Just when schools were getting ready to reopen for the new school year, cases of COVID-19 started surging<\/a>\u00a0in the United States, driven in large part by the more contagious\u00a0delta variant<\/a>. School administrators around the country are working to bring students back into the classroom safely, while still providing kids an enriching learning environment.<\/p>\n

As an\u00a0infectious disease epidemiologist<\/a>\u00a0at the University of Washington, I have spent the past year and a half working with a group of epidemiologists and health professionals to collect, review and evaluate the\u00a0scientific evidence<\/a>\u00a0about COVID-19 for state and local public health agencies.<\/p>\n

Our group concluded that vaccines and masking work well for preventing COVID-19 outbreaks in schools, but other strategies like plexiglass barriers and temperature checks are probably not worth the effort.<\/p>\n

What works<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A COVID-19 vaccine is the single most important tool for\u00a0preventing COVID-19<\/a>\u00a0in schools, as well as nearly everywhere else. All the vaccines currently authorized for use in the U.S. have been shown to help\u00a0prevent infections<\/a>\u00a0and protect against moderate and\u00a0severe disease<\/a>. Some variants, such as delta, may be more likely to cause\u00a0breakthrough infections<\/a>, but vaccinations have\u00a0shown protection<\/a>\u00a0against symptomatic disease caused by delta.<\/p>\n

The more people in a school who are vaccinated, the lower the risk of an outbreak in the school and the lower the likelihood that someone will develop severe disease if infections occur. COVID-19 vaccines are currently available to anyone\u00a0age 12 or older<\/a>, and it is possible that at least one of the vaccines\u00a0will be authorized<\/a>\u00a0for younger school-age children in the later months of 2021 or early in 2022.<\/p>\n

Masks are important, too. Not everyone in a school can be or will choose to be vaccinated, and there is also a risk of breakthrough infections, especially from the delta variant. Masks reduce the risk of an infected person\u2019s\u00a0spreading the virus<\/a>\u00a0and provide some protection for the wearer against\u00a0becoming infected<\/a>. During the past academic year, mask-wearing was shown to reduce the spread of\u00a0COVID-19 in schools<\/a>. Masks also don\u2019t disrupt the school day in the way that other measures might, such as keeping students in fixed cohorts or shortening the school day for split shifts.<\/p>\n

What probably isn\u2019t worth the effort<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Other prevention measures have had limited effectiveness in some settings but likely are not worth the cost and effort to implement in most schools.<\/p>\n

Plexiglass barriers, common in businesses and other venues, can be expensive\u00a0and do little<\/a>\u00a0to prevent airborne transmission in school environments. In some situations, barriers like desk shields may actually\u00a0increase the risk<\/a>\u00a0of transmission by reducing air circulation.<\/p>\n

Daily temperature checks and symptom screening have also\u00a0not proved to be an efficient way<\/a>\u00a0to prevent COVID-19 in public settings. This approach misses asymptomatic cases, which are\u00a0especially common<\/a>\u00a0among children and younger adults. Still, students, teachers and staff should stay home until they have a negative test if they are experiencing symptoms of COVID-19 or have been exposed to someone with COVID-19.<\/p>\n

Other policies can reduce transmission but can be disruptive to students, like physical distancing of at least 6 feet or separating students into cohorts that are not permitted to mix. If students are wearing masks, and especially if most are vaccinated, these measures are unlikely to add\u00a0much more protection<\/a>. The CDC currently recommends\u00a03-foot spacing in schools when possible<\/a>\u00a0and multilayered prevention measures when not possible.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s also probably not worth testing everyone on a regular basis. Frequent\u00a0testing is expensive<\/a>, and\u00a0real-world examples<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0mathematical models<\/a>\u00a0indicate that routine asymptomatic testing for COVID-19 in schools provides little additional benefit beyond widespread vaccination and masking. However, the CDC does include some asymptomatic testing in schools as one of the potential components of a\u00a0layered prevention strategy<\/a>.<\/p>\n

What to do about lunch<\/strong><\/h4>\n

When I talk to school administrators about reopening safely, one of the most common questions they ask me is how to run lunchtime, when students are gathered together and cannot always wear masks. Many schools included lunch during the past year\u00a0without causing COVID-19 outbreaks<\/a>, which suggests that lunch can be done safely.<\/p>\n

There is little direct evidence on the risk of transmission when comparing different approaches to the lunch problem, but there are some basic guiding principles.<\/p>\n

Students should wear masks whenever they are not actively eating. As challenging as it is to manage a rambunctious lunchroom, shouting,\u00a0singing<\/a>\u00a0and loud talking\u00a0spread more virus<\/a>\u00a0and should be discouraged, especially without masks. And\u00a0good ventilation<\/a>, particularly in\u00a0spaces where people are eating<\/a>, is important.<\/p>\n

Students also need to keep their distance from one another while they eat. Schools may consider having more lunch periods, having children eat in their classrooms, or using other spaces in the school to reduce crowding.<\/p>\n

Risks outside of school<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The\u00a0strongest driver of COVID-19<\/a>\u00a0in children, teachers and families is\u00a0not school<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 it\u2019s the level of\u00a0community transmission<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Given what we currently know, schools can continue to operate in person\u00a0without widespread transmission linked to schools<\/a>. When community transmission is high, schools should take extra care to stick to their prevention strategies. But the main way to protect students is to stop the spread of COVID-19 outside of school.<\/p>\n

What we still don\u2019t know<\/strong><\/h4>\n

It\u2019s not clear how the rise of the delta variant will affect the return to school. People infected with delta tend to\u00a0spread the virus more<\/a>\u00a0than those infected with other strains, and breakthrough infections from this variant can cause\u00a0large outbreaks<\/a>\u00a0when other prevention measures are not in place. Relying on vaccinations alone to control COVID-19 does not seem to be a winning strategy.<\/p>\n

More children are becoming infected<\/a>\u00a0during the delta variant surge. There have been sharp increases in July and August 2021 in the total number of children identified with infections and\u00a0hospitalized for COVID-19<\/a>. But the number of cases in the general population has increased, too. There has only been a modest increase in the proportion of COVID-19 cases in children relative to other age groups, and that could be due to the fact that children are an increasing share of the unvaccinated.<\/p>\n

COVID-19 never fails to provide new surprises. Many aspects of the next school year remain unknown, but by learning from what worked and didn\u2019t work over the past school year, we have evidence that in most situations students can safely return to school in person as long as these\u00a0layered prevention measures<\/a>\u00a0are put in place and adhered to.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Brandon Guthrie is <\/span>Assistant Professor of Global Health and Epidemiology at the University of Washington<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Just when schools were getting ready to reopen for the new school year, cases of COVID-19 started surging\u00a0in the United States, driven in large part by the more contagious\u00a0delta variant. School administrators around the country are working to bring students back into the classroom safely, while still providing kids an enriching learning environment. As an\u00a0infectious […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":58737,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[421657],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-58736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-reopening-school"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSchools can reopen safely \u2013 an epidemiologist describes what works and what\u2019s not worth the effort - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/schools-can-reopen-safely-an-epidemiologist-describes-what-works-and-whats-not-worth-the-effort\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Schools can reopen safely \u2013 an epidemiologist describes what works and what\u2019s not worth the effort - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Just when schools were getting ready to reopen for the new school year, cases of COVID-19 started surging\u00a0in the United States, driven in large part by the more contagious\u00a0delta variant. 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