{"id":58727,"date":"2021-08-16T08:00:17","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T12:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=58727"},"modified":"2021-08-15T20:05:36","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T00:05:36","slug":"where-is-the-evidence-for-era-times-up-for-australias-research-evaluation-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/where-is-the-evidence-for-era-times-up-for-australias-research-evaluation-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Where is the evidence for ERA? Time\u2019s up for Australia\u2019s research evaluation system"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-58728\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/excellence.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/excellence.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/excellence-250x89.jpeg 250w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/excellence-600x214.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Research at Australian universities has been scrutinised through the Australian Research Council\u2019s (ARC) assessment exercise,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arc.gov.au\/excellence-research-australia\">Excellence in Research for Australia<\/a>, since 2010.<\/p>\n<p>A companion\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arc.gov.au\/engagement-and-impact-assessment\">Engagement and Impact Assessment<\/a>\u00a0exercise began in 2018. The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/impactofsocialsciences\/2018\/03\/13\/the-hidden-costs-of-research-assessment-exercises-the-curious-case-of-australia\/\">time and costs for universities<\/a>\u00a0of running these exercises (the ARC collected this information when ERA began but never released it) and the value they generate for universities, government, industry and the public are unknown.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s difficult to see how any future versions can be justified without evidence of a healthy return on investment.<\/p>\n<p>The question of future assessment exercises is now in the spotlight. The ARC recently completed a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arc.gov.au\/excellence-research-australia\/era-ei-review\">review of ERA and EIA<\/a>\u00a0to \u201censure the national research assessments address Australia\u2019s future needs\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The review\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/online.flippingbook.com\/view\/940831\/5\/\">terms of reference<\/a>\u00a0included consideration of \u201cthe purpose and value of research evaluation, including how it can further contribute to the Government\u2019s science, research and innovation agendas\u201d. This is important, as no evidence has ever been provided of exactly how the government, industry or community uses assessments for informing agendas.<\/p>\n<p>The review received\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arc.gov.au\/excellence-research-australia\/era-ei-review#table\">112 submissions<\/a>\u00a0in response to a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/online.flippingbook.com\/view\/940831\/\">consultation paper<\/a>. Most came from universities, peak bodies\/associations and various service providers and consultants. No responses were received from the sectors that supposedly benefit from these exercises, namely government, industry and the community.<\/p>\n<p><center><\/center><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Review by expert committee of ERA assessment methods (Research Excellence in Australia) shows how intensely problematic the process is &#8211; yet the committee proposed no solutions to fix it<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/874ckwVEsJ\">https:\/\/t.co\/874ckwVEsJ<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Prof Deborah Lupton (@DALupton) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DALupton\/status\/1420506716425256962?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 28, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h4><strong>What are the issues with the system?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A review advisory committee was then appointed to consider key issues and make recommendations to the ARC CEO. The committee readily identified key concerns about how the assessments work, such as rating scales, streamlining and automation, evaluation cycles and eligibility requirements. These matters also came up in university submissions.<\/p>\n<p>But what came through most clearly from universities were the mixed views about the value of assessments as a whole. By extension, there is a question mark over whether they should continue if their utility cannot be clearly demonstrated.<\/p>\n<p>While EIA has been run only once, there have now been four rounds of ERA overseen by four different ministers. Each round has culminated in a detailed national report with a minister\u2019s foreword that consistently focuses on the same two matters:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ERA results provide assurance of the government\u2019s investment in the research sector<\/li>\n<li>the results will inform and guide future strategies and investments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In other words, there has been an overreaching focus on\u00a0<em>justification<\/em>\u00a0for the exercise and on its purported\u00a0<em>utility<\/em>. But how convincing is this?<\/p>\n<div data-react-class=\"Tweet\" data-react-props=\"{&quot;tweetId&quot;:&quot;1420506716425256962&quot;}\">\n<h4><strong>ERA is past its use-by date<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In its early days, ERA was credited with playing an important role in focusing university efforts on lifting research performance. Indeed, a number of university submissions to the review acknowledged this.<\/p>\n<p>However, much has changed since then. As university responses noted, new databases and digital tools \u2013 together with greater expertise in data analytics within universities to analyse performance \u2013 as well as the impact of international benchmarking through university and subject rankings have meant ERA\u2019s influence has dramatically dwindled. Universities no longer need an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/melbourne-cshe.unimelb.edu.au\/lh-martin-institute\/fellow-voices\/australian-research-council-review\">outdated assessment exercise<\/a>\u00a0to tell them how they are performing.<\/p>\n<p>As for its actual application, there was a brief time when ERA informed funding allocations under the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dese.gov.au\/download\/3009\/2016-sre-process-calculations\/4218\/document\/pdf\">Sustainable Research Excellence for Universities scheme<\/a>. It was one of a number of schemes through which government support for university research was based on their performance. But this was quickly abandoned.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_58729\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-58729\" class=\"size-full wp-image-58729\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ERAData.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"114\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ERAData.png 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ERAData-250x42.png 250w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ERAData-600x101.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-58729\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">ERA data were once used to inform government funding allocations, but funding no longer mentioned on the website. Wayback Machine archives<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In 2015, with a clear focus on incentivising performance and simplifying funding, the government introduced revised\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dese.gov.au\/review-research-policy-and-funding-arrangements\">research block grants<\/a>. In the process, it overlooked the very exercise that identifies research excellence and so ought to inform performance-based funding.<\/p>\n<p>Since then, the best the government has been able to come up with is adding national benchmarking standards for research to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.teqsa.gov.au\/overview-changes\">Higher Education Standards Framework<\/a>. But with the bar set so low and no apparent reward for institutions that perform well above the required standards, barely an eyelid has been batted over this change.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u2018Informing\u2019 without evidence of use<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Returning to the review committee, its\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arc.gov.au\/excellence-research-australia\/era-ei-review\">final report<\/a>\u00a0of June 2021 acknowledged the vision for and objectives of ERA required rethinking, as these had lost their relevance or failed. This included the objectives of providing a stocktake of Australian research and identifying emerging research areas and opportunities for development.<\/p>\n<p>But the committee has danced around the issue of ERA\u2019s utility. It issued a lofty\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arc.gov.au\/file\/12022\/download?token=M1zSgd5Y\">vision statement<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201cthat rigorous and transparent research assessment informs and promotes Australian universities\u2019 pursuit of research that is excellent, engaged with community, industry and government, and delivers social, economic, environmental and cultural impact.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The ARC has adopted it as part of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/online.flippingbook.com\/view\/52483419\/\">ERA and EI Action Plan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The notion of \u201cinforming\u201d as a buzzword for influence and utility has been the consistent feature of ERA. It seems this will continue. The review committee\u2019s report contains over 50 references to this idea. And \u201cinforming decisions\u201d is to be one of the four objectives taken up by the ARC, specifically to \u201cprovide a rich and robust source of information on university excellence and activity to inform and support the needs of university, industry, government and community stakeholders\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>But no evidence has ever been provided of ERA\u2019s usefulness to these sectors. This objective rings hollow, particularly in light of the conspicuous absence of industry or government responses to the review.<\/p>\n<h4>The vanishing link to funding<\/h4>\n<p>Of course, the really big question is whether ERA and EI will ever inform research funding. That\u2019s something the ARC has brought up over the years, and possibly the only reason why universities are so compliant.<\/p>\n<p>Curiously, though, the review\u2019s terms of reference did not cover this issue. Perhaps, after 11 years, no one can work this out. Now that would surely represent a very poor return on investment.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Ksenia Sawczak is Head, Research and Development, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Sydney<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research at Australian universities has been scrutinised through the Australian Research Council\u2019s (ARC) assessment exercise,\u00a0Excellence in Research for Australia, since 2010. A companion\u00a0Engagement and Impact Assessment\u00a0exercise began in 2018. The\u00a0time and costs for universities\u00a0of running these exercises (the ARC collected this information when ERA began but never released it) and the value they generate for [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/where-is-the-evidence-for-era-times-up-for-australias-research-evaluation-system\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":58728,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86115],"tags":[421655],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-58727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","tag-era"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Where is the evidence for ERA? 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