{"id":58604,"date":"2021-08-10T08:00:36","date_gmt":"2021-08-10T12:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=58604"},"modified":"2021-08-09T14:02:34","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T18:02:34","slug":"islamophobia-in-schools-how-teachers-and-communities-can-recognize-and-challenge-its-harms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/islamophobia-in-schools-how-teachers-and-communities-can-recognize-and-challenge-its-harms\/","title":{"rendered":"Islamophobia in schools: How teachers and communities can recognize and challenge its harms"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Recent overt attacks against Muslims\u00a0in London, Ont.,<\/a>,\u00a0Hamilton<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Edmonton<\/a>\u00a0have surfaced and exacerbated\u00a0the fear that Canadian Muslims<\/a>\u00a0have been living with for many years.<\/p>\n

A few weeks ago, I porch-visited a friend. I was about to knock when her daughter opened the door and said she was off to have ice cream with her friend. She said \u201cGoodbye!\u201d and left her home without her hijab. I was heartbroken. Even though my friend lives in a part of Missisauga, Ont.,\u00a0a densely Muslim-populated city<\/a>\u00a0in Canada (also referred to by its Muslim residents tongue-in-cheek as \u201cMuslim-sauga\u201d), she and her three daughters do not feel safe.<\/p>\n

They are afraid to be\u00a0visibly Muslim<\/a>\u00a0for fear of being identified and targeted for their religion.<\/p>\n

I\u2019m an\u00a0anti-Islamophobia researcher<\/a>\u00a0and educator focused mostly on Islamophobia in schools. My research suggests that Islamophobia is not only manifested as isolated incidents or overt attacks. Islamophobia shows up frequently in covert ways.<\/p>\n

Seemingly innocuous attitudes<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Here are five seemingly innocuous attitudes that educators and school communities can learn to spot and address.<\/p>\n

1. \u201cI treat all students the same\u201d or \u201cI don\u2019t see colour.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0A comment I hear often from teachers and administrators is \u201cI am not always aware of Muslim students as Muslims,\u201d or \u201cAll students are the same,\u201d or \u201cI don\u2019t see colour.\u201d When I probe and ask more questions, I notice the fear of being perceived as an Islamophobe, or\u00a0harbouring Islamophobic sentiments<\/a>\u00a0is camouflaged and wrapped up in such statements.\u00a0Research shows<\/a>\u00a0that treating students the same means that all students receive the same treatment irrespective of their needs.<\/p>\n

To have a\u00a0\u201ccolour-blind\u201d approach<\/a>\u00a0is rooted in the notion that being \u201cdifferent\u201d is a deficit. Emphasizing \u201csame treatment\u201d and \u201ccolour-blind treatment\u201d means covering implicit biases.<\/p>\n

2. \u201cMuslims in Canada are more respectful and civilized than Muslims in other parts of the world.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0In my doctoral research, I explored the experiences of Muslim students in an urban public high school in Ontario with a reputation of having a large Muslim student presence. I found that teachers generally have positive relationships with the Muslims in their school communities. Yet something strange happens when they process the all-too-often\u00a0negative narratives<\/a>\u00a0of Muslims in the media as suspicious, dangerous and backwards.<\/p>\n

A teacher I interviewed for my research asserted that Muslims who live in Canada are very different from Muslims outside of Canada. Such views reflect and replicate what literary and cultural critic Edward Said identified as an\u00a0\u201corientalist\u201d and colonial<\/a>\u00a0narrative that living in the west (in this case, Canada) is \u201ccivilizing\u201d Muslims.<\/p>\n

\"\"

The view that Muslims living in Canada or the West are somehow different than Muslims elsewhere reflects colonial attitudes. (Pexels\/Harun Benli)<\/p><\/div>\n

3. Muslim students are considered spokespersons for their religion.<\/strong>\u00a0Just as\u00a0Muslim organizations are <\/a>\u00a0expected to be first to condemn any terrorist attack, Muslim students also find themselves called upon to condemn attacks, defend their faith and speak on behalf of their faith: \u201cDoes Islam oppress women? What does Islam say about homosexuality? Why are \u2018Muslim\u2019 countries in such disarray?\u201d<\/p>\n

Similarly, one teacher concerned about student academic integrity asked me \u201c\u2026 does the Qur\u2019an say that cheating is OK? Because in most religions that is not right.\u201d The teacher could not fathom that a student who was wearing a hijab could also cheat in their class. The pressure of representing an entire religion, in its best form, is a daunting task for an adult, let alone for a student.<\/p>\n

4. Divisive and dangerous Islamophobic narratives.<\/strong>\u00a0Such narratives repeated in the media have a very strong hold in the societal psyche and\u00a0negatively affect Muslims<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Some of the very first questions any visible Muslim female student gets asked is \u201cDid your husband\/father force you\u00a0to wear hijab<\/a>? Is your father\/husband\u00a0strict or controlling<\/a>?\u201d And irrespective of the answer, students feel that some teachers will not change their way of thinking no matter what evidence is presented.<\/p>\n

Another example I encountered in my research is when a student spoke about his teacher. The student said the teacher \u201cis fair in everything.\u201d But when it comes to topics like Islam and terrorism, the teacher \u201cholds on to his opinions\u2026. Muslims in the class kept saying \u2018this is not Islam,\u2019 but I don\u2019t think our message was received.\u201d<\/p>\n

5. Speaking about Muslims as if they are not \u201cCanadian.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0This is part of viewing any practice outside of a white settler normative culture as not \u201cCanadian.\u201d Students are contending views, such as those of one teacher, in my interview, who claimed:<\/p>\n

\u201cParents [of the Muslim students] do not want to accept the norms of the Canadian culture.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The \u201cnorms\u201d the teacher was referring to were white settler norms.<\/p>\n

Students find themselves pressured to frequently profess their sense of belonging to Canada and assert their religious practices and beliefs are part and parcel of the Canadian mosaic. Similarly, when a 2016\u00a0survey of Muslims<\/a>\u00a0by the Environics Institute was released,\u00a0media focussed on reporting<\/a>\u00a0mainly about the sense of belonging and \u201cCanadianness\u201d of Muslims.<\/p>\n

Worried for Muslim students<\/strong><\/h3>\n

It is clear that\u00a0classrooms and teachers are not insulated from these broader negative narratives and media points of view<\/a>.<\/p>\n

I am worried for Muslim students navigating a system with embedded Islamophobic sentiments. Some young women are\u00a0taking their hijabs off<\/a>; other Muslim students may struggle with\u00a0academic disengagement<\/a>,\u00a0mental health issues<\/a>, difficulty\u00a0reconciling their Muslim and Canadian identities<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0suicide, <\/a>to name just a few issues.<\/p>\n

I am also worried that teachers, with their\u00a0work intensification<\/a>, do not know how to support their Muslim students.<\/p>\n

Get to know each other\u2019s communities<\/strong><\/h3>\n

As I was winding down that day, images of my friend\u2019s daughter\u2019s forced smile haunted me. I opened my Qur\u2019an to find solace and comfort. I came across a verse I use frequently that\u00a0Prophet Muhammad shared in a climate of racism 1,400 years ago<\/a>: \u201cWe have \u2026 made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another\u201d\u00a0(49:13)<\/a>. This notion has served as one of the powerful takeaways in my workshops to teachers and faculty members about how to actively be an anti-racist.<\/p>\n

Racist beliefs cannot find root in the minds and hearts of those who genuinely and frequently get to know each others\u2019 communities. Knowing each other helps allow for the unlearning of\u00a0racist conditioning that we have been saturated<\/a>\u00a0in.<\/p>\n

When we know each others\u2019 communities, we understand and we support one another. We\u00a0strive to be anti-racist<\/a>, and thus amass the force needed to dismantle systemic and institutionalized racism in our spheres of influence.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Asma Ahmed is an <\/span>Adjunct Professor, Department of Education at Niagara University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Recent overt attacks against Muslims\u00a0in London, Ont.,,\u00a0Hamilton\u00a0and\u00a0Edmonton\u00a0have surfaced and exacerbated\u00a0the fear that Canadian Muslims\u00a0have been living with for many years. A few weeks ago, I porch-visited a friend. I was about to knock when her daughter opened the door and said she was off to have ice cream with her friend. She said \u201cGoodbye!\u201d and […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":58605,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[401105],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-58604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-islamophobia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIslamophobia in schools: How teachers and communities can recognize and challenge its harms - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/islamophobia-in-schools-how-teachers-and-communities-can-recognize-and-challenge-its-harms\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Islamophobia in schools: How teachers and communities can recognize and challenge its harms - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Recent overt attacks against Muslims\u00a0in London, Ont.,,\u00a0Hamilton\u00a0and\u00a0Edmonton\u00a0have surfaced and exacerbated\u00a0the fear that Canadian Muslims\u00a0have been living with for many years. 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