{"id":58594,"date":"2021-08-09T13:22:44","date_gmt":"2021-08-09T17:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=58594"},"modified":"2021-08-09T13:22:44","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T17:22:44","slug":"can-you-say-something-about-the-theory-chapter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/can-you-say-something-about-the-theory-chapter\/","title":{"rendered":"Can you say something about the \u201ctheory chapter\u201d?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

I\u2019ve been asked about writing a theory chapter. But should I say anything? I feel a bit iffy about the very idea.<\/p>\n

What to do? Take your own advice here. Write for ten minutes about a theory chapter. Write about why you find this topic difficult. Write about anything to do with theory and chapters so you get into the right head space. At the end of writing for ten you\u2019ll know whether you have anything to say, or not.<\/p>\n

OK, here goes.<\/p>\n

Well, this is not the only time I\u2019ve been asked about theory chapters. The topic comes up pretty regularly in workshops and courses. So there is a theory chapter issue, at least for some people. And it\u2019d be rude not to at least have a go, wouldn\u2019t it?<\/p>\n

Reasons to write anything about a theory chapter. Or not to, and be cheerful about it.<\/p>\n

A lot of people won\u2019t understand the\u201d theory chapter\u201d as A Thing at all, let alone a problem. That\u2019s because a lot of disciplines don\u2019t use \u201ctheory\u201d in the way that this question does. I imagine someone in Philosophy, or someone doing a theoretical inquiry in Politics, looking at this question and being mystified. Not to mention someone in some of the Sciences. For different reasons, the \u201ctheory chapter\u201d is a non-issue for many people.<\/p>\n

When a discipline does talk about theory as A Thing to write a chapter about, theory is often conflated with \u201cconceptual\u201d. So people talk about having a theoretical or conceptual framework. I\u2019d have to write a lot about theory and concept first before getting to the chapter question. Then I\u2019d have no room in a blog post to say anything else. Maybe it \u2018d be enough to just refer people back to\u00a0these old posts<\/a>?<\/p>\n

Must do better. Here goes. Some people don\u2019t have A Theory, but Theories \u2013 multiples. And perhaps these are theories from different disciplines. Constructing a new or underused multi\/trans theoretical approach, and showing what it can\/can\u2019t do, is a significant contribution. If innovative use of theory is one of your anticipated contributions, then you\u2019d have to set that up early. You\u2019d need to say at the very start that your thesis will use a novel combination of theories, and you\u2019d have to justify this. Create the warrant for your novel theoretical approach by saying what is going to be helpful, insightful, productive, generative about the theory\/ies.<\/p>\n

But hang on \u2013 maybe I need to start off differently. Maybe I need to say that you do heaps of reading during a doctorate, and some of it is obviously about theory, but most things have an implied theory. Theory versus non theory is problematic. Oh that\u2019s a rabbit hole. Better not go down there in a thousand words or so.<\/p>\n

Maybe I should talk about where theory fits with the other categories of literatures, as dodgy as those categories are. OK. If you read\u201d theory\u201d (aargh), then some of your reading will be texts about the theory. Then you\u2019ll read texts that apply the theory, and maybe apply it to your topic or topics like yours. But you also have to read the theory itself, you can\u2019t rely on other people\u2019s interpretations. In fact, you have to read your chosen theory\/ies a lot, so that you know it\/them really intimately and can talk about it\/them in your own words. And by the end probably talk about it\/them in your sleep.<\/p>\n

I\u2019m straying away again. Let me refocus this and try the question head on. Yes, some people have a theory chapter. In an\u00a0IMRAD<\/a>\u00a0thesis the singleton \u201ctheory chapter\u201d usually comes before the literatures and the methodology chapters. The \u201ctheory\u201d is separated out from the texts that are about your substantive topic.<\/p>\n

Now, even if it\u2019s not uncommon to have a singleton theory chapter, there are occasions when you might be able to combine this theory stuff with other literatures. Oh dear, of course you could have one chapter with both theory\/ies and literature, depending on what kind of meta-commentary you use to explain the way you\u2019ve presented your material. And there might be literatures about your topic using your theory which you could use to segue between the two sections. But you can also use the explanation of the theory in conjunction with explanations of the context or policy. So there aren\u2019t really a set of rules here. It\u2019s an \u201cit depends\u201d situation.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s probably not as helpful as I\u2019d like to be. It\u2019d be easier to say that most often the theory talk comes pretty early on. Let\u2019s not talk about a chapter per se. How about this? If it\u2019s important for the examiner to understand how theory\/ies was\/were used in the research, this needs to come close to the beginning of the thesis. So the theory talk comes in the introduction, or soon after.<\/p>\n

But of course it\u2019s more complex than that. As soon as I write \u201cearly\u201d I can think of instances where that\u2019s not the case\u2026 action researchers for instance wouldn\u2019t necessarily talk theory early as their dissertations, unlike most others, are chronological and organised to show the learning that happens through cycles. So action researchers might come to a theoretical position later in their research and it\u2019s appropriate to put it later.<\/p>\n

Ah. But. A lot of people don\u2019t start with a chosen theory at all, they come to it as they are working out how to make more sense of their analysis. But they present the theory near the start of the thesis because they aren\u2019t writing about the \u201cjourney\u201d, as most often their thesis is a final text about where they are at the end. But because they do end up with a theory (or combination) they generally then use their newly arrived at theoretical lens to rewrite their literatures work and report their methods.<\/p>\n

But how to deal with the way that some people talk about a theoretical \u201cframework\u201d? I guess the intention of framework is to say that the research project is designed using a particular theory. So you use the theory to sort out the who, what and how of your research problem. And the theory comes into the analysis and discussion too (As long as you didn\u2019t do something tautological \u2013 I designed this project around x and look I found x. Or something that meant you ignored data that didn\u2019t neatly fit with your theory.) Well, some people use theory as a framework and I guess I can\u2019t ignore this \u2013 and they would explain this framing early in the thesis. Early.<\/p>\n

But \u2026 Should I just say what I do? I don\u2019t actually see theory as a framework. Even though I\u2019ve tried to explain\u00a0what\u2019s meant by framework somewhere else on the blog<\/a>. I see theory as something that helps you to think and explain. So theory is a kind of thinking toolkit. My thinking about theory-as-toolkit came from reading Foucault early on in my own PhD and the metaphor helped me \u2013 it bumped theory off its pedestal and said that if the theory isn\u2019t useful than don\u2019t use it. Don\u2019t idolise it. Don\u2019t fetishise it. The old if-you-only-have-a-hammer-then-you-can-only-bash-nails-in cliche. Theory isn\u2019t one size fits all. Often, your favorite theory isn\u2019t appropriate for every design or explanatory job. Or the theory you started out with may not be the one you finish with.<\/p>\n

So back to the question. What about the theory chapter? Well, I don\u2019t know about a chapter per se, but because I want the examiner or reader to know my thinking toolkit, I would always explain my approach at the start. And because I don\u2019t separate out theory from the ologies (epistemology or ontology), these always come together either in the introduction or close to next up. So I\u2019d be saying what\u2019s the problem I want to research and why. Then\u2026 What\u2019s my approach to it \u2013 that\u2019s the theory and ologies\u2026 What have other people said about my problem and how have I used this, How I did my project, what stuff have I ended up with \u2013 and so on.<\/p>\n

Whew. That was more like forty minutes brain dumping not ten. And I have no really easy answer at the end. I think the theory chapter question is very complicated. But maybe this collection of perspectives might provide a starting point for supervisor discussion\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I\u2019ve been asked about writing a theory chapter. But should I say anything? I feel a bit iffy about the very idea. What to do? Take your own advice here. Write for ten minutes about a theory chapter. Write about why you find this topic difficult. 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