{"id":58453,"date":"2021-07-28T08:00:07","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T12:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=58453"},"modified":"2021-07-27T19:43:06","modified_gmt":"2021-07-27T23:43:06","slug":"why-canadian-dads-are-more-involved-in-raising-their-kids-than-american-fathers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/why-canadian-dads-are-more-involved-in-raising-their-kids-than-american-fathers\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Canadian dads are more involved in raising their kids than American fathers"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Thirty-five years ago, Canadian and American dads were doing a similar amount of child rearing, relative to mothers. Surveys from the mid 1980s showed that Canadian men spent\u00a038% of the time<\/a>\u00a0that Canadian women spent on child care, and American men spent\u00a035% of the time<\/a>\u00a0that American women spent on child care.<\/p>\n

Today, there are significant gaps in fathering between Canadians and Americans. Canadian dads\u00a0spend significantly more time<\/a>\u00a0taking care of their children than their\u00a0American counterparts<\/a>. For example, Canadian fathers spend an average of 14 hours on child care each week, while American fathers average about 8 hours a week.<\/p>\n

As a\u00a0sociologist and Canadian studies scholar<\/a>, I am interested in how social policies affect fatherhood in different countries. I collected data on more than 5,000 men in the two nations from 2016 to 2018 for my upcoming book on the similarities and differences between American and Canadian dads. This data looked at how dads interacted with their children \u2013 whether they acted warmly and affectionately, if they provided emotional support and how they disciplined their children.<\/p>\n

My data shows Canadian dads were much more likely to show warmth, provide emotional support, engage in caregiving and use positive discipline. In fact, American dads outperformed their Canadian counterparts on only one of the survey measures \u2013 the use of spanking and other harsh disciplinary tactics.<\/p>\n

Why have Canadian fathers pulled ahead of American fathers in caring for and showing affection toward their children? I believe the answer lies, in part, with four types of social policies in Canada that help fathers be more engaged at home.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1. Family leave<\/strong><\/h4>\n

When it comes to family policy, there are major differences between the U.S. and Canada.<\/p>\n

Canada has guaranteed paid family leave for mothers and fathers. As part of their employment insurance program, Canadian parents get 35 weeks of shared paid benefits, paid at 55% of regular pay. On top of that, fathers get five exclusive weeks of leave.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, the\u00a0U.S. is the only rich nation in the world<\/a>\u00a0that doesn\u2019t guarantee maternity leave, and one of three rich countries \u2013 along with Oman and the United Arab Emirates \u2013 without a paternity leave option.<\/p>\n

Studies from across the world consistently show that men who take paternity leave tend to be\u00a0more involved in their children\u2019s lives<\/a>, have\u00a0better relationships<\/a>\u00a0with family members and help their\u00a0partners recover from childbirth<\/a>\u00a0more quickly.<\/p>\n

2. Social inequality<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Stagnant incomes, high levels of economic inequality and financial instability have led many American men to\u00a0work long hours<\/a>. In my survey, a third of the American respondents work 50 hours or more a week, compared to just one-tenth of Canadian participants.<\/p>\n

Financial anxieties permeate parenting in the U.S. The increase in\u00a0intensive parenting<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 parents who try to build impeccable resumes for their kids, filled with extracurricular activities, advanced courses and awards \u2013 is an effort by middle-income families\u00a0to keep up with the parenting practices of the well-off<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Such parenting patterns are\u00a0less common in Canada<\/a>, a country with more accessible elite\u00a0educational institutions<\/a>\u00a0and less\u00a0income inequality<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Canada Child Benefit further alleviates financial anxiety for parents. Unlike child tax credits in the U.S., which were traditionally paid with tax returns, Canada delivers its tax credit in monthly payments to low- and middle-income families with children. The program has\u00a0cut child poverty by 40%<\/a>\u00a0since its introduction in 2017. The U.S. just rolled out a\u00a0similar temporary program<\/a>\u00a0in July 2021.<\/p>\n

3. Gender inequality<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Fathers tend to be more involved parents in nations with higher levels of gender equality. When women are\u00a0engaged in the political and economic spheres<\/a>, fathers provide more physical care to children, are warmer and more emotionally supportive parents, and use less harsh discipline. This is likely caused by more explicit and enforceable expectations about equal partnership between co-parents.<\/p>\n

Canada is a more gender-equal country than the U.S. In 2019,\u00a0the United Nations<\/a>\u00a0listed Canada as the 19th most egalitarian nation in the world. The U.S. was 46th. Canada outpaced the U.S. on measures of female health, political power, education and economic empowerment. Solidifying the expectation that dads be highly involved co-parents, these greater levels of gender equality may be a significant reason Canadian fathers outperform their American counterparts.<\/p>\n

4. Health care<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Even policies that seemingly have little to do with parenting have, in reality, a major impact on how men interact with their children. This includes Canada\u2019s single-payer, provincially administered, universal health care system.<\/p>\n

Analyses in my forthcoming book, for example, show that poor physical health has much weaker negative effects on men\u2019s parenting in Canada than in the U.S. This suggests that the U.S. health care system\u2019s\u00a0high medical costs, coupled with bureaucratic and systemic inefficiencies<\/a>, drain individuals\u2019 time, energy and resources \u2013 making fathering more difficult. The problem is compounded when children have health issues as well.<\/p>\n

As society emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic, data suggests that a more comprehensive family policy would benefit American fathers, mothers and children. Doing so can ease the especially difficult\u00a0burdens mothers face<\/a>\u00a0and help remove\u00a0structural barriers<\/a>\u00a0that make it hard for fathers to be highly involved and engaged parents. Canada may provide the United States with a useful example on how to implement supportive family policies.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Kevin Shafer is <\/span>Associate Professor of Sociology and Director of Canadian Studies at Brigham Young University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thirty-five years ago, Canadian and American dads were doing a similar amount of child rearing, relative to mothers. Surveys from the mid 1980s showed that Canadian men spent\u00a038% of the time\u00a0that Canadian women spent on child care, and American men spent\u00a035% of the time\u00a0that American women spent on child care. Today, there are significant gaps […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":58454,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[401084],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-58453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","tag-child-rearing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Canadian dads are more involved in raising their kids than American fathers - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/why-canadian-dads-are-more-involved-in-raising-their-kids-than-american-fathers\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Canadian dads are more involved in raising their kids than American fathers - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thirty-five years ago, Canadian and American dads were doing a similar amount of child rearing, relative to mothers. 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